纤维支气管镜对右中叶肺不张的诊治价值(附50例报告)

目的：探讨应用纤维支气管镜检查术在右中叶肺不张诊断和治疗中的价值。方法：对50例右中叶肺不张患者应用纤维支气管镜进行诊断和治疗。结果：50例右中叶肺不张中非特异性炎症29例、肺癌12例、结核3例、异物1例、未确定诊断5例，总确诊率90％(45／50)；50例中33例经纤维支气管镜直视下局部治疗后复张，有效率66％(33／50)，术后未见严重并发症。结论：纤维支气管镜对右中叶肺不张有一定的临床诊断和治疗价值。     

用纤支镜为支气管哮喘患者作肺灌洗的安全性观察

本文对12例支气管哮喘病人作了22例次支气管肺泡灌洗,其中3例次为重度哮喘发作;8例次为中度发作[1];11例次为缓解期.灌洗方法在一般肺灌洗的基础上经过改良后,12例病人无1例死亡.11例次哮喘发作患者,灌洗后临床症状皆有不同程度改善.11例次缓解期病人,灌洗后皆无不良反应.凡哮喘时间较长者,均能灌洗出较大量脓痰栓.     

Fiber Matrix Descriptors from Permeability Data Without Requiring Membrane Thickness: Theory,Results, and Optimization

Objective: Permeability of basement membrane and all other barriers contains a term for membrane thickness (Δx). This naturally leads to development of methods for measuring Δx that are imprecise, inaccurate, expensive, subject to preparation artifact, and inattentive to variability. Although height and shape of permeability (P) vs. probe radius (α) curves are sensitive to Δx, ln(P) or ln(P/free diffusivity or D_o) curves have shapes independent of Δx. It should, thus, be possible using such characteristics to determine fiber radius (r_f) and void volume ratio (ε) without Δx. We developed such a method to derive membrane structure by the standard model of Ogston and present its experimental evaluation. Methods: Basement membranes were self-assembled using 1: 1 Matrigel: 0.01 M Tris/150 mM NaCl/1.0 mM CaCl₂ buffer on 0.4-μ polycarbonate supports with transport measured in diffusion chambers using FITC-labeled hydroxyethyl starch probes from 25 to 102 Å in radius. Sampling was at 0.5 hr and then for each hour up to 5. Other membranes were measured 7 days after formation. Results: The best fit of the new technique occurred at 3 hr with R² = 0.949 ± 0.003 SEM, r_f = 36.8 ± 2.4 Å, and ε = 0.87 ± 0.02. Membranes studied for 7 days showed more variability but essentially the same characteristics. Conclusions: Membrane thickness is not necessary to reduce permeability of basement membrane to structure, and optimum sampling time is 3 hr.     

A small angle light scattering device for planar connective tissue microstructural analysis

The planar fibrous connective tissues of the body are composed of a dense extracellular network of collagen and elastin fibers embedded in a ground matrix, and thus can be thought of as biocomposites. Thus, the quantification of fiber architecture is an important step in developing an understanding of the mechanics of planar tissues in health and disease. We have used small angle light scattering (SALS) to map the gross fiber orientation of several soft membrane connective tissues. However, the device and analysis methods used in these studies required extensive manual intervention and were unsuitable for largescale fiber architectural mapping studies. We have developed an improved SALS device that allows for rapid data acquisition, automated high spatial resolution specimen positioning, and new analysis methods suitable for large-scale mapping studies. Extensive validation experiments revealed that the SALS device can accurately measure fiber orientation for up to a tissue thickness of at least 500 μm to an angular resolution of∼1^o and a spatial resolution of±254 μm. To demonstrate the new device’s capabilities, structural measurements from porcine aortic valve leaflets are presented. Results indicate that the new SALS device provides an accurate method for rapid quantification of the gross fiber structure of planar connective tissues.     

Fast- and slow-twitch isoforms (SERCA1 and SERCA2a) of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase are expressed simultaneously in chronically stimulated muscle fibers

 Using an immunohistochemical double-labeling technique, we observed that different isoforms of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase are co-expressed in single fibers of canine fast-twitch skeletal muscles stimulated chronically at low frequency. By 7 days of neuromuscular stimulation, the population of hybrid fibers expressing both SERCA1 and SERCA2a [fast- and slow-twitch isoforms of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase] had increased from 1.5% to 9.2% of fibers. By 14 days of stimulation 90% of the pure fast-twitch fibers (expressing only SERCA1) were replaced by hybrid fibers. An additional 28 days of stimulation caused all fast-twitch fibers to express SERCA2a at the same level as found in nonstimulated slow-twitch fibers (expressing only SERCA2a). At this time, one-half of the previously hybrid fibers had become pure slow-twitch fibers. The remaining one-half of the hybrid fibers expressed SERCA1 at a very low level. Extending stimulation to 70 days did not further change the percentage of fibers that were slow-twitch or hybrid. Immunoblot studies at the whole-muscle level confirmed that changes in SERCA expression at 42 days of neuromuscular stimulation were complete. Immunohistochemical analysis of longitudinal sections of muscle showed that the changes in SERCA protein were uniform along the length of the muscle fiber, indicating that nuclei along its length responded equally to chronic stimulation. Received: 12 November 1996 / Received after revision and accepted: 16 December 1996     

纤维/颗粒增强聚乳酸骨折内固定复合材料

现将骨折内固定材料的发展史，传统骨折内固定材料的不足之处，以及开发可吸收骨折内固定材料的意义作一综述。介绍了聚乳酸作为可吸收内固定材料的优异性能，及其复合材料的特点，并比较了以聚乳酸为基体的各种内固定复合材料的成型工艺和机械力学强度。     

The communicating branch of the 4th cervical nerve to the brachial plexus: the double constitution, anterior and posterior, of its fibers

Twenty-four adult cadavers (48 sides) were used to investigate the incidence of a branch arising from the ventral ramus of the fourth cervical nerve (C4) with the phrenic nerve and subsequently joining the brachial plexus. Six brachial plexuses with spinal cords and phrenic nerves were dissected under a surgical microscope to investigate localization of fibers contained in the C4 branch to the brachial plexus. The incidence of the C4 branch was 23% (11/48 sides). Branches from C4 to the brachial plexus divided into anterior and posterior divisions on four sides (4/6 sides). On two sides, the branch did not divide but consisted entirely of an anterior division (2/6 sides). In the brachial plexus, anterior division fibers of the C4 branch were intertwined with fibers from the anterior divisions of the ventral rami of the fifth and sixth cervical nerves. They then passed to the suprascapular nerve and the anterior division of the superior trunk (6/6 sides). On the other hand, posterior division fibers of the C4 branch were intertwined with fibers from the posterior divisions of the ventral rami of the fifth and sixth cervical nerves. They then passed to the suprascapular nerve (2/6 sides) and the posterior division of the superior trunk (4/6 sides). The anterior division of the C4 branch received fibers from the ventral rootlets of the entire fourth cervical segment, whereas the posterior division received fibers from the ventral rootlets of the caudal half of the fourth cervical segment only. The fact that the suprascapular nerve received fibers from both the anterior and posterior divisions of the C4 branch was considered to support our claim that the human suprascapular nerve belongs to both the anterior and posterior divisions of the brachial plexus.     

纳米锶磷灰石纤维多孔钛复合材料的生物安全性研究

目的评价新型生物材料纳米锶磷灰石纤维多孔钛复合材料的生物安全性。方法对纳米锶磷灰石纤维多孔钛复合材料的生物安全性进行体外评价,分别进行以下实验:急性全身毒性实验;血液相容性评价(溶血试验);热原试验;皮内刺激实验。结果纳米锶磷灰石纤维多孔钛复合材料对生物体无毒性、无致热原性、无刺激性,不引起溶血反应。结论纳米锶磷灰石纤维多孔钛复合材料具有良好的生物安全性,有望作为新型骨植入生物材料应用于临床。