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排序方式: 共有294条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
食品添加剂KAl(SO4)2中Al的吸收,排泄,蓄积实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:探讨我国主要含铝食品添加剂——硫酸铝钾中铝的吸收、排泄和贮留的基本情况。方法:1.采用6月龄日本雄性大耳兔8只进行3天的代谢平衡实验。2.选用2~3月龄21只雄性兔进行32周的蓄积实验。结果:代谢实验表明铝的表观吸收率平均在10%左右,约90%的口服铝在粪中排出。尿铝随摄入铝的增加而增加,但肾排铝能力不足吸收的10%。兔的蓄积实验证明在32周实验后实验兔随铝摄入的增加其主要脏器均有不同程度的铝蓄积。其蓄积量的顺序为:骨>肝>肾>脑>心(3.89~105.46mg/kg干重);蓄积增长倍数为:肝>脑>肾>骨>心(1.51~4.58倍)。结论:1.食品添加剂硫酸铝钾中铝的表观吸收率平均在10%左右。尿铝随摄入铝的增加而增加,但肾排铝量不足吸收的10%。2.长期大量摄入含铝食品添加剂可导致机体铝蓄积,其中脑、骨、肝、肾蓄积较明显。 相似文献
2.
Jan Sollenberg Rasmus Bjurström Kent Wrangskog Olof Vesterberg 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》1988,60(5):365-370
Summary Styrene exposure of 18 workers in fiber-glass reinforced plastic industries was measured for 30-min periods throughout each workday for a week. The styrene uptake was estimated using pulmonary ventilation measurements. All urine voidings were collected separately and the styrene metabolites, mandelic acid (MA) and phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA) were determined. The relationship between both exposure and uptake versus excretion of these metabolites was studied. Styrene metabolite concentrations and excretion rates (with 95% tolerance limits) were calculated to correspond to a constant 8-h exposure at the Swedish exposure limit level (25 ppm) or an uptake of an exposure limit related styrene dose (6.3 mmol). The tightest tolerance limits were obtained for excretion rate of MA + PGA per 24 h. The calculated biological exposure limit was 3.4 (± 0.7) mmol MA + PGA/24 h for a dose of 6.3 mmol styrene. 相似文献
3.
Tissue distribution metabolism and excretion of 2,2′,4,4′, 5-pentachlorodiphenyl ether in the rat 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
E. Komsta I. Chu D. C. Villeneuve F. M. Benoit D. Murdoch 《Archives of toxicology》1988,62(4):258-262
The tissue distribution, metabolism and excretion of 14C-2,2,4,4,5-pentachlorodiphenyl ether (PCDE) were studied in the rat. Radioactivity was distributed in all tissues examined, with the highest concentrations being found in the fat followed by the skin, liver, kidney and muscle. Most of the radioactivity found in the tissues was due to unchanged PCDE. Decay of PCDE in the blood was fitted to a four-compartment pharmacokinetic model, and the last compartment had a half-life of 5.8 days. A total of 55% and 1.3% of an orally administered dose was excreted in feces and urine, respectively, in 7 days. More than 64% of the fecal radioactivity was due to unchanged PCDE, while hydroxylated PCDE accounted for 23%. 相似文献
4.
Giorgio Torelli Eloisa Milla Leonard I. Kleinman Alide Faelli 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1973,342(3):219-230
Summary The relationship between sodium reabsorption and oxygen consumption was studied in an isolated rabbit kidney preparation perfused with blood at 37, 28 and 19° C. When the temperature was lowered from 37° C to 28° C and to 19°C the rate of oxygen consumption and of the maximal P.A.H. excretion (Tm P.A.H.) decreased more than that of sodium reabsorption.TheQ
10 for sodium reabsorption is about 1.8, while that for maximal P.A.H. excretion is 2.5. Some hypothesis on the possible mechanisms of the lowQ
10 of the Na+ reabsorption are forwarded.Preliminary reports have been published [Boll. Soc. Ital. Biol. Sper.43, 1019–1023 (1966) and44, 1784–1787 (1967);45, 860–862 (1969) and45, 863–865 (1969)]. 相似文献
5.
J. L. Vanherweghem J. Ducobu A. D'Hollander 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1975,357(3-4):243-252
Summary Blood-perfused isolated dog kidneys demonstrate steady increases in blood flow and in water and sodium excretion which could be attributed to the accumulation of renal prostaglandins in the perfusing blood. This hypothesis was tested by adding indomethacin, a potent inhibitor of prostaglandins synthesis, to the perfusing blood.Indomethacin completely prevented the vasodilation observed in control kidneys, without affecting glomerular filtration rate. Urine volume was not modified but sodium excretion was enhanced while the steady free water clearance increment observed in the control kidneys was depressed by indomethacin. The sum of sodium and free water clearances which, in the absence of antidiuretic hormone, constitutes an index of the part of the filtered load of solutes which escapes proximal tubular reabsorption, was not modified by indomethacin. Finally, indomethacin partially maintained the osmotic cortico-papillary gradient which was abolished after 2 hrs perfusion in control kidneys.These data suggest that prostaglandins accumulation in the blood is probably the major cause of the vasodilation taking place in isolated blood-perfused kidneys. This vasodilation does not account for decreased proximal reabsorption but partially explains the ADH-resistant diabetes insipidus developing in the isolated kidney. Moreover, indomethacin inhibits sodium reabsorption in the ascending limb of Henle's loop and increases water transport in the collecting duct. 相似文献
6.
Summary Rats have been fed diets containing 24.2% coconut or corn oil or an equal mixture of each for 14–18 weeks. Half of the animals in each dietary group were exercised by running in motor-driven work wheels throughout the entire experimental period. During the final 10–14 weeks, these exercised animals ran continuously for 60 min at 1.0 mph or faster each day. Comparisons between sedentary groups revealed that hepatic cholesterol and excretion of digitonin precipitated sterols in the feces increased (P < 0.01) as the per cent of unsaturated fat (corn oil) in the ingested food increased. In contrast, total liver lipid decreased (P < 0.01) as the consumption of corn oil increased. No change in plasma cholesterol occurred in the sedentary rats in response to the three diets. Hepatic cholesterol of the exercised groups was significantly less (P < 0.05–P < 0.01) than that of their respective control groups (same diet). However, the group fed the corn oil diet had a significantly higher (P < 0.01) liver cholesterol after exercise than did the exercised group fed the coconut oil diet. Liver lipid was reduced (P < 0.01) by exercise in the corn oil and mixed corn-coconut oil fed groups. Plasma cholesterol and sterol excretion were unchanged by the exercise program.This investigation supported by Research Grant HE 08262 from the National Heart Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Public Health Service. 相似文献
7.
A. Nizet A. Dujardin H. Thoumsin J. Thoumsin-Moons 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1973,341(3):209-217
Summary The changes in blood concentration which result in the adjustment of excretion when renal functioning mass is acutely reduced have been investigated by means of paired experiments on isolated dog kidneys. One kidney was perfused with undiluted blood; the other kidney was perfused with blood supplemented with an amount of water and solutes corresponding to the amount retained after the suppression of the contralateral kidney in situ; the response was evaluated from the difference in excretion between the two organs. The results may be summarized as follows: a) the adjustment of the excretion of water, sodium, potassium and urea results from small changes in blood concentration (haematocrit, plasma proteins and solutes), in the absence of specific stimuli of extrarenal origin; b) increased urea concentration is not the major determinant of the readjustment of sodium and water excretion; c) the response is potentiated by high arterial blood pressure; d) if the load of water exceeds the load of sodium, this ion is retained by the kidney even in the presence of an osmotic load of urea; e) the changes in the blood concentrations do not provide an adequate adjustment of the excretion of phosphate; f) increased excretion per nephron results from decreased fractional reabsorption without significant change in glomerular filtration rate. 相似文献
8.
《Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993)》2013,35(5):687-697
A high salt diet produced increases in SBP, urinary protein excretion (UPE) and renal vascular lesions (RVL) across groups of male and female SHR rats which were allowed to develop moderate or excessive increases in SBP. A highly significant linear relationship between SBP and log-transformed UPE was found when the data from all groups were analyzed together. Males developed high blood-pressure more rapidly, and exhibited more severe RVL and greater UPE than females. Two results prevent the conclusion that the elevated UPE was simply due to the adverse effects of high BP on the kidney. First, the relationship between SBP and UPE across groups could not be demonstrated when regression analyses were performed within individual dietary sub-groups. Secondly, gender differences in UPE were highly significant by analysis of covariance adjusting for individual differences in SBP. The increases in SBP and UPE may be independent consequences of ingestion of a high salt diet. 相似文献
9.
目的探讨尿蛋白排泄率对急性心肌梗死(AMI)远期预后的预测价值是否优于C反应蛋白(CRP)。方法连续入选2001年1月至2005年12月确诊AMI并收住我院心脏重症监护室的患者。于入院第1、3、7天检测CRP和24 h尿蛋白排出量,并计算尿蛋白/肌酐比率(ACR)。随访时间为5年。结果共入选209例患者,年龄47~83岁,平均(68.3±15.6)岁,女性62例(29.7%),合并心力衰竭81例(38.8%)。校正年龄、高血压、糖尿病、入院延迟时间、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值、心力衰竭及肌酐清除率后,CRP和ACR均与5年全因死亡率风险增加独立相关。但CRP与远期死亡率不相关[HR 95%CI:1.1(0.7~1.8),P=0.65],而ACR与近期和远期死亡率均独立相关[OR 95%CI:3.9(2.0~9.0),P<0.0001;1.4(1.1~1.8),P=0.01]。结论 ACR对AMI远期死亡率的预测价值优于CRP。 相似文献
10.
Sara Matić Milena Jadrijević-Mladar Takač Monika Barbarić Bono Lučić Koraljka Gall Trošelj Višnja Stepanić 《Journal of pharmaceutical sciences》2018,107(11):2957-2964
The health effects of green tea are associated with catechins: (?)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), (?)-epigallocatechin, (?)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, and (?)-epicatechin. An understanding of compound absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity characteristics is essential for explaining its biological activities. Herein, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity properties of in vivo detected metabolites of green tea catechins (GTCs) have been analyzed in silico. The influence of metabolic transformations on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion profiles of GTCs corresponds to the effects of size, charge, and lipophilicity, as already observed for other small molecules. Mutagenic, carcinogenic, or liver toxic effects were predicted only for a few metabolites. Similar to galloylated GTCs EGCG and (--)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, the sulfo-conjugates were predicted to bind at the warfarin binding site. The low free plasma concentration of these derivatives may be consequential to their serum albumin binding. The activity cliff detected for methylated conjugates of EGCG indicates that GTCs' pro-oxidative activity in bound state comes primarily from free hydroxyl groups of the pyrogallol ring B. 相似文献