Treatment of Hemorrhoids in Day Surgery: Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy vs Milligan–Morgan Hemorrhoidectomy

Background Recently, it has been demonstrated that surgical treatment of hemorrhoids in a day-care basis is possible and safe. The aim of this study was to compare the Longo stapled hemorrhoidopexy (SH) and the Milligan–Morgan hemorrhoidectomy (MMH). Methods One hundred seventy one patients (95 cases in SH group and 76 cases in MMH group) entered the study: 83 cases were III degree hemorrhoids, 88 IV degree. A priori and a post hoc power analysis were performed. Results, prospectively collected, were compared using chi squared test and student t test. Visual analog scale was used for pain evaluation. Postoperative pain, duration of pain, wound secretion, bleeding, resumption of a normal lifestyle, and postoperative complication were evaluated. Results Surgical time was 28.41 ± 10.78 for MMH and 28.30 ± 13.28 min in SH (P = 0.94). Postoperative pain was not different between MMH and SH during the first two postoperative days (4.73 ± 2.91 vs 5.1 ± 3.048; P = 0.4), during the following 6 days, patients treated with SH had less pain (4.63 ± 2.04 in MMH vs 3.60 ± 2.35 in SH; P = 0.006). In the SH group, seven patients needed further hospital stay for complicated course. SH showed higher incidence of anal fissure compared with MMH (6.3% vs 0%; P = 0.025) but no differences in urinary retention, anal stricture, urgency, or anal hemorrhage. Conclusions This study confirms that SH is associated with less postoperative pain and shorter postoperative symptoms, compared with MMH. SH may be a viable addition to the therapy for hemorrhoids with some advantages in early postoperative pain and some disadvantages in postoperative complications and costs.     

A Prospective,Randomized, Controlled Multicenter Trial Comparing Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy and Ferguson Hemorrhoidectomy: Perioperative and One-Year Results

PURPOSE There is a growing body of evidence supporting the lesser degrees of pain with stapled hemorrhoidopexy, also called the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids. However, there have been few randomized comparisons assessing both perioperative and long-term outcomes of the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids and Ferguson hemorrhoidectomy. Results are presented here from the first prospective, randomized, multicenter trial comparing these hemorrhoid procedures in the United States.METHODS Patients with prolapsing hemorrhoids (Grade III) were randomized to undergo the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids or Ferguson hemorrhoidectomy by colorectal surgeons who had training in using the stapling technique. Primary end points were acute postoperative pain, and hemorrhoid symptom recurrence requiring additional treatment at one-year follow-up from surgery.RESULTS A total of 156 patients (procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids, 77; Ferguson, 79) completed randomization and the surgical procedure, 18 (procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids, 12; Ferguson, 6) had significant protocol violations. One hundred seventeen patients (procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids, 59; Ferguson, 58) returned for one-year follow-up. Demographic parameters, hemorrhoid symptoms, preoperative pain scores, and bowel habits were similar between groups. There were a similar number of patients with adverse events in each group (procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids, 28 (36.4 percent) vs. Ferguson, 38 (48.1 percent); P = 0.138). Reoperation for an adverse effect was required in six (7.6 percent) Ferguson patients and in 0 patients having the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (P = 0.028). Postoperative pain during the first 14 days, pain at first bowel movement, and need for postoperative analgesics were significantly less in the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids group. Control of hemorrhoid symptoms was similar between groups; however, significantly fewer patients having the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids required additional anorectal procedures during one-year follow-up (procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids, 2 (2.6 percent), vs. Ferguson, 11 (13.9 percent); P = 0.01). Only four of the Ferguson patients (5 interventions) required additional procedures more than 30 days after surgery.CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that stapled hemorrhoidopexy offers the benefits of less postoperative pain, less requirement for analgesics, and less pain at first bowel movement, while providing similar control of symptoms and need for additional hemorrhoid treatment at one-year follow-up from surgery.Supported by Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Cincinnati, Ohio.Read at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Chicago, Illinois, June 3 to 8, 2002. Winner of The New England Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Award.     

Retroperitoneal sepsis complicating stapled hemorrhoidectomy: report of a case and review of the literature

Stapled hemorrhoidectomy (mucosectomy) is a new technique that has recently been introduced for the treatment of third-degree and fourth-degree hemorrhoids and rectal mucosal prolapse. We present a case of severe retroperitoneal sepsis complicating stapled hemorrhoidectomy that was successfully treated by conservative means, further surgery therefore being avoided. The literature on the more serious complications associated with stapled hemorrhoidectomy is reviewed.     

四种手术方式治疗痔病的网状Meta分析

目的利用网状Meta分析系统评价传统外剥内扎术（MMH）、吻合器痔上黏膜环切术（PPH）、选择性痔上黏膜切除术（TST）和多普勒超声引导下痔动脉结扎术（DG-HAL）治疗痔病的手术方式的疗效和安全性,为临床提供参考。 方法检索中国知网、万方数据、中国生物医学网,Pubmed、Cochrane Library、Embase数据库,收集建库至2020年12月关于MMH、PPH、TST和DG-HAL治疗痔病的随机对照试验,提取的资料采用GeMTC 0.14.3软件进行网状Meta分析。 结果最终纳入45项研究,包括43篇两臂实验,2篇三臂实验;共5 847例患者,其中MMH组1 777例,PPH组1 971例,TST组1 205例,DG-HAL组894例。与MMH相比,DG-HAL（MD=-4.16,95% CI：-6.49~ -1.82,P<0.05）和PPH（MD=2.28,95% CI：0.64~3.89,P<0.05）可以显著降低术后疼痛程度,差异均有统计学意义;TST术后尿潴留发生率明显低于MMH（OR=2.08,95% CI：1.23~4.09,P<0.05）;相比于MMH（OR=0.01,95% CI：0~0.15,P<0.05）和PPH（OR=0.08,95% CI：0~0.78,P<0.05）,DG-HAL术后肛门狭窄发生率低;而PPH（OR=6.56,95% CI：1.20~57.74,P<0.05）和TST（OR=58.25,95% CI：4.37~2 605.94,P<0.05）的术后肛门狭窄发生率均比MMH低,TST优于PPH（OR=8.50,95% CI：1.23~150.91,P<0.05）,差异均有统计学意义。术后24 h疼痛评分排序为MMH>PPH>TST>DG-HAL;术后出血发生率排序为MMH>PPH>TST>DA-HAL;尿潴留发生率排序为MMH>PPH>DA-HAL>TST;肛门狭窄发生率排序为MMH>PPH>TST>DG-HAL;复发率排序为DA-HAL>PPH>MMH>TST。 结论四种手术方式治疗痔病的作用机制各有优势,DG-HAL和TST术后疼痛、出血、尿潴留、肛门狭窄等并发症发生率低,术后舒适度和安全性方面有明显优势。术后复发率方面TST最优,DG-HAL最差。     

多普勒引导下痔动脉结扎术结合保留齿状线痔切除术治疗环形混合痔

目的观察超声多普勒引导下痔动脉结扎术（DGHAL）结合保留齿状线痔切除术治疗环形混合痔的临床疗效。方法将2008年6月至2009年3月间我院符合诊断标准的60例环形混合痔患者分为治疗组和对照组各30例,治疗组采用DG-HAL结合保留齿状线痔切除术治疗,对照组采用Milligan-Morgan痔切除术治疗,对比观察两组的治疗效果。结果治疗组与对照组治愈率无明显统计学差异（P〉0.05）,但两组间术中出血、术后疼痛程度、愈合时间及术后并发症发生率存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）,治疗组明显优于对照组。结论在治疗环形混合痔时,DG-HAL结合保留齿状线痔切除术与传统痔切除术相比,最大限度避免了术中术后出血,具有术后并发症少、痛苦小、恢复时间短等优点,值得临床推广。     

吻合器痔切除闭合术

介绍一种新的痔手术方法——痔切除闭合术。采用肛门外直视下用吻合器行痔切除术，痔的切除与伤口闭合一次完成。该方法可靠，近期疗效满意，是一种符合肛垫理论的简单、安全的新术式。     

Anesthetic effect of epidural anesthesia with cephalad or caudad catheterization for ankle surgery or hemorrhoidectomy

BACKGROUND: The larger size of the first sacral nerve root has been reported to be an unfavorable factor leading to sacral sparing in epidural anesthesia. Previous studies have shown that an adequate analgesic effect of the epidural block was achieved with the catheter placement in the caudal direction. In this study, the anesthetic effect of epidural anesthesia with catheter placement of a cephalic or caudad direction was compared in ankle and hemorrhoid surgery. METHODS: Twenty-one ASA physical status I or II patients undergoing surgery for ankle fractures with epidural anesthesia were enrolled and randomized into two groups. The epidural catheter was placed either to a cephalad (AU group) or caudal (AD group) direction. Another 21 patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy were also randomized into two groups to receive epidural anesthesia in a similar way (HU and HD groups). The onset for, duration of, and recovery time from epidural anesthesia and the incidence of analgesic request were recorded. RESULTS: No significant differences were demonstrated when age, height, weight or sex were compared between the four study groups. The onset time of the block and the incidence of intrasurgical analgesic request were lower in the caudal subgroup when the ankle surgery patients were compared. Otherwise, there were no significant differences in the duration of anesthesia and time to recovery or level of anesthesia. CONCLUSION: Injection of local anesthetic solution through a caudally oriented epidural catheter produces faster onset and superior quality of anesthesia in comparison with the injection through the cephaladly oriented catheter in ankle surgery, but not hemorrhoidectomy.     

Stapled Hemorrhoidectomy Under Local Anesthesia: Tips and Tricks

Stapled hemorrhoidectomy—a new, evolving technique—is considered to be safe and painless. General and spinal anesthesia are the “gold standard” anesthetic techniques for the procedure. The stapled hemorrhoidectomy under local anesthesia is described. Emphasis is given in few tips and tricks for safe and successful application of the local anesthesia.     

多普勒引导痔动脉结扎术与Milligan—Morgan手术的对比研究

目的探讨多普勒引导痔动脉结扎治疗痔的临床效果。方法60例Ⅲ～Ⅳ度内痔患者随机分为结扎组与切除组，每组各30例。对比观察症状改善情况、患者满意度、术后疼痛指数及术后并发症等指标。结果结扎组和切除组患者术前症状均得到有效控制。对于痔出血的治疗，结扎组优于切除组（P＜0．05），疼痛指数结扎组明显低于切除组（P＜0．01）。对于脱垂的治疗、患者满意度和术后并发症，两组比较无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论多普勒引导痔动脉结扎术治疗Ⅲ～Ⅳ度内痔具有方法简单、安全有效、微创及恢复快的优点，但远期效果需进一步观察。     

痔上黏膜环切钉合术治疗重度痔的临床观察

目的 比较痔上黏膜环切钉合术（PPH）与传统Milligan-Morgan手术治疗重度痔（Ⅲ、Ⅳ度）的疗效。方法分别采用PPH手术（PPH组）和Milligan-Morgan法痔切除术（传统组）治疗重度痔各40例，比较手术时间、住院时间、术后疼痛、出血、术后尿潴留、恢复时间。结果PPH组手术时间为（29.45±6.91）min，传统组为（48.65±10.65）min；PPH组住院时间为（3.03±1.49）d，传统组为（6.10±2.51）d：PPH组恢复工作时间为（8.00±1.73）d，传统组为（19.78±10.60）d，三项组间差异均有统计学意义（t分别=17.81、11.40、12.48，P均〈O.05）。PPH组术后疼痛轻，无1例肛门狭窄发生，二组差异均有统计学意义（X^2分别=11．52、11．40，P均〈O．05）。PPH组和传统组术后出血发生率分别为5％和10％，术后尿潴留发生率分别为25％和30％，两组差异无统计学意义（X^2分别=O.52、O.18，P均〉O.05）。结论PPH术具有安全、有效、住院时间短和恢复快等优点，对于合适的病人可替代传统的手术治疗方法。