丙硫咪唑治疗儿童华支睾吸虫及蛲虫感染的疗效观察

62例感染华支睾吸虫儿童应用丙硫咪唑治疗,每日400mg连服3或5日,停药1个月、3个月后复查,20例连服3日和42例连服5日的受染儿童,大便华支睾吸虫卵阴转率分别为55.O%和90.5%。140例感染蛲虫的幼儿园儿童用两种单剂丙硫咪唑进行驱虫,经3次肛拭复查,25例服200mg和115例服100mg的蛲虫卵阴转率依次为96.0%和92.2%。药物反应轻微。     

Two remarkable pinworms (Nematoda: Enterobiinae) parasitizing orangutan (Pongo abelii) in the Sumatra (Indonesia) including Lemuricola (Protenterobius) pongoi n.sp.

Summary  Two species of pinworms (Enterobiinae) were collected from fresh faeces of semi-wild orangutans Pongo abelii Lesson living in northern Sumatra (Indonesia). The female of Enterobius (Enterobius) buckleyi Sandosham, 1950 is redescribed. Lemuricola (Protenterobius) pongoi n. sp. is described on the basis of females (no males are available) and distinguished from L. (P.) nycticebi (Baylis, 1928) by cephalic and mouth morphology (head and teeth superstructures), body (9.85–15.46 mm) and tail (2.34–2.95 mm) length, smaller eggs (48–56 x 22–28 μm), longer vulva distance from anterior extremity (2.05–3.09 mm) and other features. Characteristic is the total body length/oesophagus length ratio (1: 15.3–22.0). Both nematode species were studied using scanning electron microscopy for the first time.     

药物体外杀灭蛲虫卵的初步研究

本文报告用浸泡法的以常用,消毒液、化学驱虫药、中药及食品等共21个品种体外处理蛲虫卵的结果。实验显示:蛲虫卵经次氯酸钠(1000ppm)、过氧乙酸(1%)等消毒液,南鹤虱、苦楝皮、公丁香、白头翁、露蜂房、五倍子等6种中药煎剂(≈1g/ml生药)及食物青皮大蒜鳞茎液(1:2)、小葱葱白液(1:2)处理后,与未经药物处理的对照虫卵孵出率相比,有非常显著的差异。值得进一步研究。     

Tribendimidine: a promising, safe and broad-spectrum anthelmintic agent from China

We review, for the first time, a 20-year Chinese story of research and development pertaining to tribendimidine, a promising anthelmintic agent that is safe and exhibits a broad spectrum of activity. Tribendimidine was first synthesized at the National Institute of Parasitic Diseases in Shanghai in the mid 1980s. In laboratory studies, tribendimidine showed high efficacy against Nippostrongylus braziliensis in rats, Necator americanus in hamsters, Ancylostoma caninum and Toxocara canis in dogs, and Syphacia mesocriceti in mice. Activity was also found against several species of cestodes in chicken. In clinical trials, a single oral dose of 400 mg tribendimidine, administered to patients infected only with N. americanus, or with N. americanus and Ancylostoma duodenalis, resulted in cure rates of 85.7% (132/154) and 89.8% (53/59), respectively. In comparison, a single oral dose of 400 mg albendazole resulted in significantly lower cure rates, namely 65.5% (91/139; chi(2) = 16.47, P < 0.001) and 71.7% (43/60; chi(2) = 6.29, P = 0.012), respectively. Single oral doses of tribendimidine (300 mg) and albendazole (400mg) were equally effective against Ascaris lumbricoides infections; cure rates were 96.0% (97/101) and 98.1% (101/103), respectively. In 5-14-year-old children with an Enterobius vermicularis infection, treated with a single oral dose of 200 mg tribendimidine, a cure rate of 81.6% (93/114) was observed. Tribendimidine was well-tolerated as only mild and transient side effects were observed. It would be of great public health significance if these findings are confirmed in other epidemiological settings, as more than one-quarter of the world population is currently affected by intestinal nematodes, with only very few drugs currently available on the market.     

甲苯达唑糖片驱除肠道线虫的效果观察

用甲苯达唑糖片以含药量１０Ｏｍｇ顿服驱除蛲虫，３００ｍｇ２ｄ分服驱除蛔虫，效果均很满意，排虫高峰分别于服药后的第２～３ｄ和第４～５ｄ，治毕３ｗｋ复查，虫卵阴转率分别为１００％和９８％～１００％。采用３００ｍｇ或４００ｍｇ２ｄ分服驱除钩虫和鞭虫，亦取得较好的疗效，排虫高峰分别于服药后的第２～４ｄ和第４～６ｄ，但从虫卵阴转率来看，药物剂量尚属偏低。该药糖片服用方便，效果确实，成本低廉，很受群众欢迎，儿童尤为喜欢，值得推广使用。     

苦连栓剂的研制及蛲虫感染驱治效果观察

本文报告了中药苦连栓剂的研制及驱治蛲虫的效果。     

重庆市城市与农村儿童蛲虫感染流行特征分析

目的了解重庆市城市与农村地区儿童的蛲虫流行特征。方法选择重庆市城区和农村各1个区县作为调查点,每个调查点按东、西、南、北、中抽取1个乡镇（街道）,每个乡镇（街道）抽取150名3～12岁儿童,每个点750名以上。采用圆底试管透明胶纸肛拭法,定性检查蛲虫卵。分析比较城市和农村地区儿童蛲虫感染率差异。结果重庆市儿童蛲虫感染率为6.85%,城市（2.14%）低于农村地区（12.13%）（χ2=62.14,P〈0.01）。城市及农村儿童的性别间比较,蛲虫感染率差异无统计学意义（χ2城市=0.21,χ2农村=1.32,P均〉0.05）;同一性别间,城市与农村间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0.01）。城市、农村不同年龄组间儿童感染率比较差异有统计学意义（χ2城市=12.65,χ2农村=34.22,P均〈0.01）;在同一年龄组间比较,除11～岁组外,其他年龄组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0.01）。城市各个年龄段儿童蛲虫感染率变动不大（χ2趋势=0.89,P〉0.05）;农村儿童感染率趋势随年龄的增加而降低（χ2趋势=3.36,P〈0.01）。结论重庆市城市与农村儿童蛲虫感染具有不同特征,应针对不同地区、不同人群采取适宜的防治措施。