Which constructs can predict emotional exhaustion in a working population? A study into its determinants

The main objective of this study was to examine the psychosocial stress model developed by Taylor and Aspinwall with emotional exhaustion as the outcome variable. Respondents, 409 men and 346 women, who had a paid job for at least 20 hours per week, completed questionnaires concerning demographic variables, personality, temperament, work pressure, workload, perceived social support, appraisal, coping, and emotional exhaustion. Structural equation analyses provided only partial support for the validity of the model. First, on theoretical and statistical grounds, one more path linking external resources to social support was added. Second, contrary to expectations, coping styles did not predict emotional exhaustion. To conclude, when coping is measured retrospectively, it does not add to our understanding of emotional exhaustion. It is suggested that future studies should be longitudinal and include objective measures of stressors and psychosocial health outcomes in addition to self‐reports. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Short term correlates of the Neuro Emotional Technique for cancer-related traumatic stress symptoms: A pilot case series

Introduction As many as one quarter of all cancer survivors report traumatic stress symptoms from cancer-related experiences. While the majority of these patients do not meet the criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there is growing evidence that subsyndromal symptoms can significantly contribute to functional impairment and negative health outcomes. Treatment options for the hallmark symptoms of traumatic stress—unpleasant, intrusive thoughts and avoidant behaviors—have not been well investigated for the cancer survivorship population. Materials and methods Seven female cancer survivors with traumatic stress symptoms from cancer-related experiences and no other major psychopathology, were enrolled to receive three sessions of Neuro-Emotional Technique (NET), a brief, targeted treatment that combines traditional desensitization principles with complementary modalities. Results Psychological outcome measures (Impact of Event Scale (IES) and Subjective Units of Distress (SUD) and physiological measures (Heart Rate (HR) and Skin Conductance Level (SCL) demonstrated the following changes: 71% on IES, 88% SUD, 74% on HR, and 65% on SCL following the intervention. Statistically significant changes were observed for all four parameters, and effect size g for proportion improved were 0.50 each for IES, SUD, and HR, and 0.20 for SCL. Conclusions These cases suggest feasibility of the NET intervention for cancer-related traumatic stress and the potential for change in symptoms and physiological reactivity. Further investigation is needed to determine the specific and long-term effects of such an approach. Implications for cancer survivors Traumatic stress from cancer-related experiences might represent a constellation of symptoms that are amenable to brief, targeted interventions. This study was supported by the O.N.E. Research Foundation     

大学生的元担忧、情感表达与友善的关系研究

目的：探讨元担忧、情感表达与友善之间的关系。方法：采用元担忧量表、情感表达量表和友善量表对170名工科大学生进行了问卷调查。结果：①性别对外向思维、友善易接近性和有益性有显著的影响；年级对友善的易接近性有显著影响；在情感描述不能和自我概念上存在性别与年级的交互作用。②元担忧对友善存在直接负向预测作用，对情感表达有直接正向预测作用，情感表达对友善存在直接负向预测作用。结论：打破元担忧恶性循环．增加情感表达，能够有效增强大学生对他人的友善表现。     

妇癌患者的社会心理因素调查

本文以自编病前负性情绪调查表、ＬＳＥ─Ｒ及ＥＰＱ对５６例妇癌住院病人进行了调查，并以５６例内科病住院病人作对照。结果显示，６９．６％的妇癌病人在病前有负性情绪，而内科病病人只有１６．１％；８５．７％的妇癌病人病前经历了负性生活事件，而内科病组则为５８．９％；ＥＰＱ评定结果神经质分亦为前者高于后者，均提示社会心理因素与妇癌的发生密切相关。     

护理人员“职业枯竭”的现状与对策

对我院护理人员从业满意度、职业生涯潜在威胁的分析，认为护理管理者在重视护理学科发展的同时，换个角度审视并理性思考护理人员中存在的不可回避的“职业枯竭”问题，以利从容应对，有效规避。提出保持“资源守恒”，个人用正确的方法应对压力，护理管理者全方位介入是解决护理人员“职业枯竭”问题的关键。     

Childcare as a stabilizing influence on HPA axis functioning: a reevaluation of maternal occupational patterns and familial relations

The influence of family relations, maternal occupational characteristics, and childcare1The UK terms "childcare," childcare centres' and "nurseries" are used throughout this paper to define group care for children prior to starting their first year of formal schooling at age 4 years and are used synonymously with the American terms "day-care" and "preschool." This form of group care is provided in a formal setting, outside the family home and excludes "childminding" (i.e., childcare that may be group based and offered at the home of the care provider/childminder). In the UK, this form of childcare is offered from zero to 4 years old. Children are separated according to their age into small groups usually consisting of 10-15 children. In the present study, all children were in the preschool-aged group (3-4 years old). Where childcare of a different or more generic form is referred to, then this has been made clear in the context or stated in the text. utilization on preschool children's cortisol production were investigated in 56 mother-child dyads. Family characteristics and maternal employment, childcare and child temperament were reported by mothers. Morning and evening levels of children's salivary cortisol were obtained. Children in highly expressive or reserved families exhibited higher cortisol levels compared to children in moderately expressive families. Elevated levels of cortisol were detected in children of mothers reporting low levels of job role quality or high levels of emotional exhaustion. Frequent childcare use was found to protect children against the physiological effects of low maternal job role quality and emotional exhaustion. Findings underscore the pervasive role of the family as set within an external support system and highlight the potential physiological impact of these interacting contexts for children. Further research is needed to fully understand current findings and to develop appropriate psycho-physiological interventions.     

Emotional reactivity and sympatho-adrenal activity in the rat (author's transl)

Using the open-field test, differences in emotional reactivity were shown in male rats of several albino strains. These behavioural differences were then investigated in relation to physiological differences. It was found that, under resting conditions, sympatho-adrenomedullary activity as estimated by urinary catecholamine excretion and adrenal catecholamine content is lower in the more emotionally reactive rats. The resting heart rate is correspondingly slower in these animals though they show the same noradrenaline cardiac concentration as the nonreactive rats. These data suggest that high defecating rats in the open-field exhibit a lower sympathetic tonus, possibly linked, however, with a higher parasympathetic tonus.     

情绪智力与大学生焦虑、抑郁和心境的关系研究

自Ｇｏｌｅｍａｎ《情绪智力》[1] 一书出版以来 ,情绪智力一词已为很多人所熟悉。情绪智力一般被定义为个体适应性地知觉、理解、调节和利用自己及他人的情绪的能力[2 - 3] 。虽然情绪智力有时被当作能力(或智力 )看待[2 ,4 ] ,有时则被认为是个性特质[5- 8] ,但研究者都相信情绪智力对于个体在现实生活中取得成功起着十分重要的作用[1] 。关于情绪智力常见的一个命题是个体情绪智力越高越能体会到情绪上的幸福感 (Ｅｍｏｔｉｏｎａｌｗｅｌｌ -ｂｅｉｎｇ) [1- 2 ] 。为了回答这个问题 ,本研究拟探讨情绪智力与大学生焦虑、抑郁和心境的关…