科研评价导向的改变对中文科技期刊的机遇与挑战

【目的】 值此《中国科技期刊研究》创刊30周年之际,思考科研评价体系的改变给中文科技期刊带来的影响,为中文期刊探寻发展路径。【方法】 结合对中文科技期刊困境的研究,提出应对策略。【结果】 近期国家陆续出台的纠偏评价导向的政策文件,为中文科技期刊既带来了发展机遇,也提出了挑战。【结论】 在重构符合中文科技期刊发展特点的评价体系的基础上,中文科技期刊应明确目标定位,面向国家需求,提升知识服务能力,建立品牌特色。     

大数据时代的药品安全主动监测:对照选择的挑战与机遇

电子医疗数据已成为大数据时代开展药品安全主动监测的重要资源。基于此确认药品与不良事件是否存在关联，要回归传统的流行病学研究设计，选取恰当的对照进行对比。本文主要阐述不同对照选取的原理、适用情形，介绍、评价并比较各种对照选取的思路与参数，引入对照选择批量化实现的进展性成果，以期为我国利用电子医疗数据开展上市后药品安全性监测提供方法学参考。     

电子时代的医学图书馆馆员和循证医学

简要阐述了循证医学的概念及其基本特点,探讨了电子时代循证医学对于医学图书馆员的要求,同时提出了电子时代医学图书馆员应该具备的知识和技能.     

Detecting possible vaccine adverse events in clinical notes of the electronic medical record

The Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) is a collaboration between the CDC and eight large HMOs to investigate adverse events following immunization through analyses of clinical data. We modified an existing system, called MediClass, that uses natural language processing to identify clinical events recorded in electronic medical records (EMRs). We customized MediClass so it could detect possible vaccine adverse events (VAEs) generally, and gastrointestinal-related VAEs in particular, in the text clinical notes of encounters recorded in the EMR of a large HMO. Compared to methods that use diagnosis and utilization codes assigned to encounters by clinicians and administrators, the MediClass system can both find more adverse events and improve the positive predictive value for detecting possible VAEs.     

亮氨酸脑啡肽的电子结构及构效关系研究

对亮氨酸脑啡肽进行了量子化学(INDO)计算,研究其电子结构特征,讨论其活性部位、作用机理及构效关系。同吗啡和R31833进行了活性部位的电子结构与空间结构比较,推断它们的活性药效结构具有共同特点,与阿片受体相互作用时作用方式相同,作用部位有对应关系,因而具有相同的药理性质。     

脑出血患者血肿周围组织病理及超微结构变化的动态观察

目的观察脑出血患者血肿周围组织普通病理及超微结构的动态变化。方法对30例脑出血患者采取非功能区人颅直视手术，清除血肿前于血肿旁约1cm处取少许脑组织作为实验组，按发病到手术的时间分为6h以内组6例，6～12h组7例，12～24h组5例，24～48h组3例，48～72h组3例，3～4d组3例，5d组2例，8d组1例。从12h以内组中的7例患者于手术入颅路径上远离血肿处取少许脑组织作为对照组。应用光镜_硐J电镜观察脑组织普通病理及超微结构的动态变化。结果对照组脑组织形态和结构基本正常。实验组6h以内脑组织有轻微损伤。6h以后脑组织损伤逐渐加重。24～48h损伤达高峰，光镜显示脑细胞和纤维水肿明显，细胞形态不完整，核固缩，炎性细胞侵润明显；电镜显示神经元细胞核变空染色质聚集，线粒体肿胀，嵴变短或消失，核糖体减少，次级溶酶体增加，细胞变空，细胞膜不完整，胶质细胞核固缩。72h以后损伤逐渐好转，5d时损伤与6～12h组相似，8d时基本好转，与6h以内组基本接近。结论脑出血后血肿周围脑组织继发性损伤早期就有病理改变，损伤高峰在24～72h，与一般脑出血临床神经功能损害的变化规律基本一致。     

An assessment of PKI and networked electronic patient record system: lessons learned from real patient data exchange at the platform of OCHIS (Osaka Community Healthcare Information System)

To enhance medical cooperation between the hospitals and clinics around Osaka local area, the healthcare network system, named Osaka Community Healthcare Information System (OCHIS), was established with support of a supplementary budget from the Japanese government in fiscal year 2002. Although the system has been based on healthcare public key infrastructure (PKI), there remain security issues to be solved technically and operationally. An experimental study was conducted to elucidate the central and the local function in terms of a registration authority and a time stamp authority in contract with the Japanese Medical Information Systems Organization (MEDIS) in 2003. This paper describes the experimental design and the results of the study concerning message security.     

Comparison of two automated multichannel haematology analysers in domestic animals

Blood samples from 33 dogs, 28 cats, 24 horses and 25 cattle were analysed in duplicate on the Coulter Counter S-Plus IV and the Baker 9000 multichannel haematology analysers. The precisions of each instrument and the correlations between the instruments were evaluated. The precisions of both systems were good but, the Baker 9000 system showed more variability between duplicate determinations for all parameters. The Baker 9000 had better precision for white blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, and MCV. Correlations between the two instruments were excellent except for MCHC. Neither analyser reliably provided feline platelet counts and the Baker 9000 also failed to report error messages for 8 of 10 apparently false platelet counts. The Coulter instrument consistently reported higher haemoglobin concentrations and higher feline and lower canine white blood cell counts than the Baker 9000.