Daily coping moderates the relations between stress and actigraphic sleep: a daily intensive longitudinal study with ecological momentary assessments

BackgroundTheoretical models argue that coping reduces stress responses, yet no studies have tested whether coping moderates the prospective stress effects on sleep in daily life.PurposeThis study tested if coping moderates the stress-sleep association using a daily, intensive longitudinal design across 7–12 days.Methods326 young adults (M_age = 23.24 ± 5.46) reported perceived stress and coping (problem-focused, emotional-approach, and avoidance) every evening between 20:00–02:00, providing over 2400 nights of sleep data and 3000 stress surveys from all participants. Actigraphy and sleep diaries measured total-sleep-time and sleep efficiency. Multilevel models tested the interaction effects of within- and between-person stress and coping on sleep.ResultsWithin-person problem-focused and emotional-approach coping moderated the within-person stress effects on actigraphic total-sleep-time (both p = 0.02); higher stress predicted shorter total-sleep-time only during high use of problem-focused or emotional-approach coping (both p = 0.01). Between-person avoidance moderated the between-person stress effect on actigraphic total-sleep-time (p = 0.04); higher stress predicted shorter total-sleep-time for high avoidance coping (p = 0.02). Within-person emotional-approach coping buffered the between-person stress effect on actigraphic sleep efficiency (p = 0.02); higher stress predicted higher sleep efficiency for high emotional-approach coping (p = 0.04).ConclusionsThis study showed that daily coping moderates the effects of evening stress on sleep that night. More efforts to cope with stress before bedtime had a short-term cost of shorter sleep that night. However, high use of emotional-approach coping buffered the impact of stress to promote sleep efficiency.     

Differences in plans for living at home between temporary residents of a health-care facility for the elderly and their family caregivers in Japan

Aim: Older residents in Japan requiring rehabilitation often reside in health‐care facilities for the elderly (HCFE) prior to being discharged to home. The return home can be very stressful for both the elder and family caregiver. The purpose of this study was to clarify the differences in plans for home life between the residents of a HCFE who were scheduled for discharge home and their family caregivers. Method: Semistructured interviews were conducted with eight pairs of elders and caregivers. Results: Differences were seen in several areas, including dietary preferences, recognition of the elder’s independence, preconceptions or not knowing about the elder’s pleasurable activities, and the way of care. Conclusions: Differences with regard to enjoyable activities for the elderly arose from a lack of understanding of the lives of the elderly on the part of their families.     

关于卫生监督医疗纠纷类图书归类探析

指出第四版《中图法》中有关卫生监督、医疗事故、医疗纠纷等类目中存在的一些问题和不足,并提出具体改进措施和分类建议。     

云南阳春砂仁的质量与生态环境关系的探讨

当前云南阳春砂仁产量,占全国总产量的65.5％,商品有左右全国砂仁市场之势。经调查云南产区生态环境较原产区广东阳春县为优,故表现出植株生长较高,果实较大,每室籽粒数较多等性状特征之差,这些差异并非是物种的变异,而是生态环境较好所致。从两地商品中的精油成分和微量元素分析结果也基本一致,认为影响云南阳春砂仁质量的酸味,两地商品均有,并都来源于假种皮,只不过云南商品果实较大,假种皮较厚,总酸含量较高,但是总酸均为无毒副作用的低分子有机酸,不影响砂仁的质量。因此我们认为云南引种区的阳春砂仁质量,与广东原产区的阳春砂仁质量应基本一致。     

Improving emergency obstetric care in Mozambique: the story of Sofala.

OBJECTIVE: The 5-year project in the province of Sofala was designed to improve access, quality and utilization of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) by strengthening rural hospitals and health centers and ultimately the health system's capacity to respond to emergencies more quickly and effectively. METHODS: Implementation consisted of attention to infrastructure, human resource development, transportation and communication systems, and management. Specific management aspects that were targeted for improvement included: supportive supervision, logistics for supplies, equipment and drugs, record keeping, monitoring and evaluation, and quality improvement techniques such as maternal death audits. RESULTS: Access to EmOC improved with an increase in the number of fully functional EmOC facilities from 4 to 18. The number of women with obstetric complications who were admitted for treatment in participating facilities tripled, and the proportion of those women dying declined by half. CONCLUSIONS: Close collaboration and partnership with the provincial health directorate make the sustainability of many results likely while the replication of much of the Sofala model to other provinces is promising for the national strategy to reduce maternal mortality.     

我国环卫设备的现状与发展趋势——环卫设备的标准化、系列化

介绍了我国环卫设备的发展现状,并提出了存在的一些问题.根据我国环卫产业政策的有关要求:论述了各种环卫设备研究和开发的方向,指出大力推进环卫机械设备的标准化、系列化、通用化、规模化是社会主义市场经济发展和环卫业发展的需要.     

聚合酶链反应在鼠疫菌检测中的应用 研究

本文采用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术，通过扩增鼠疫菌９．５ｋｂ质粒ｐｌａ基础上一个４７８ｂｌ片段，用于鼠疫菌检测，被试的４５株鼠疫菌扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析均呈现单一ＤＮＡ带，其分子量大小与预期结果符合。而假结核菌和一株缺６ＭＤ质粒鼠疫菌未见扩增带，洽部实验可在４ｈ内完成。本法具有快速、特异、敏感等优点，可用于不同生态型鼠疫菌的快速诊断和流行病学研究．     

AIDS: Awareness and blood handling practices of health care workers in Lagos,Nigeria

A questionnaire survey of 260 health care workers from 13 randomly selected health care facilities was undertaken. Their knowledge, attitude, belief and blood handling practices regarding HIV/AIDS were enquired about. Virtually all (99.0%) respondents had heard about AIDS but only 57.0% had seen an AIDS patient before. Although 83.0% knew that AIDS is caused by a virus, a high proportion still confuses mode of transmission with causative agent. Deficient knowledge was exhibited when asked about groups of people who were at a higher risk of contracting HIV and AIDS: Only 54.6% and 51.5% identified homosexuals and IV drug users as being at a higher risk. Almost all (97.0%) of our respondents claimed to have been more careful in their blood handling practices since the emergence of AIDS, 68.5% wore gloves for all procedures involving handling of blood and 28.5% sometimes although as many as 30.4%, 40.4% and 18.1% do not wear gloves for cleaning up blood stained materials, nursing procedures and taking obstetric delivery respectively. It was evident from their responses that not all the health workers knew the correct method for disposing of used bloodstained instruments and left-over blood samples and neither were they all adhering to the safety guidelines recommended for handling these materials. Education of all health care workers in Nigeria on the Universal Precautions Guidelines issued by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in 1987 regarding blood, body fluids and contaminated instruments' handling precautions is urgently recommended.