Blood endotyping distinguishes the profile of vitiligo from that of other inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases

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Primary cutaneous Ewing sarcoma - Case report

Ewing sarcoma is a primitive neuroectodermal tumor rarely occurs in the skin and sobcutaneous tissues. Generally Ewing''s sarcoma is a primary bone tumor, but when present in soft tissues it characterizes an extremely uncommon clinical picture. It usually involves the deep subcutaneous tissue or muscles, and more rarely occurs like a primary skin cancer. Most patients are white, women, and in the second decade of life. The clinical features are a superficial mass, in average measuring 2-3 cm, of soft consistency, freely mobile and sometimes painful. The more affected locations are upper and lower extremities, trunk, head, neck or multiple lesions. The presence of metastases is very rare.     

Management of Non-melanoma Skin Cancer in Transplant Recipients

Transplant recipients have a significantly higher risk of developing non-melanoma skin cancers compared with the general population and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are the most common post-transplant malignancies. Although in the general population BCC outnumbers SCC 4:1, in transplant patients this ratio is reversed and SCC is more common, with a 65- to 250-fold increased incidence. As patients in immunosuppressed states are living longer after transplants, the incidence of skin cancer in this population continues to increase. The skin cancers in transplant patients also tend to be more aggressive, with higher morbidity and mortality. Preventive strategies play an important role in transplant recipients given their increased frequency of developing both premalignant and malignant skin lesions. Sun protection and regular skin cancer screening are critical. In addition, chemoprophylaxis with systemic retinoids, nicotinamide and capecitabine can significantly reduce the development of new skin cancers. Topical 5-fluorouracil, imiquimod, photodynamic therapy and cyclooxygenase inhibitors have all been investigated in transplant patients for the treatment of field cancerisation. Adjusting the immunosuppressive regimen is also an important adjuvant therapeutic strategy for managing skin cancers in transplant recipients and requires integrated multidisciplinary care with the entire transplant team. This article reviews the epidemiology of non-melanoma skin cancer in transplant patients, discusses the prevention strategies and highlights the management and treatment strategies of both field cancerisation and non-melanoma skin cancers.