GLP条件下非实验因素对实验用豚鼠生理状态的影响

目的研究GLP条件下非实验因素（包括实验操作、不同笼养方式、对照组因素以及维生素C的添加等）对全身过敏实验中豚鼠质量及生理状况的影响情况，为探讨在GLP条件下如何有效的提高实验动物的质量以及规范过敏性反应的评价提供实验依据。方法实验采用计算机软件进行随机分组，雌雄各半。实验在GLP实验室进行，按要求对豚鼠饲养的环境温度、湿度和噪音进行严格的控制。实验按照SFDA颁布的指导原则推荐的全身过敏实验的程序和方案进行。结果空白对照组和溶剂对照组（生理盐水对照组）在致敏期，体重变化差异明显（P〈0．05）；溶剂对照组与阳性对照组相比较，豚鼠的体重增长在实验的各阶段无明显差异（P〉0．05）；对比托盘笼架饲养，大塑料盒饲养在检疫期更有利于雌性豚鼠体重的增长（P〈0．05）；不添加维生素C组豚鼠在致敏期体重减轻明显（P〈0．05），并出现明显的脱毛症状。结论在GLP条件下，虽然环境条件得到了有效的改善和控制，但是一些容易忽视的非实验因素明显影响了豚鼠的质量及生理状况。     

Does low penetration of human skin by the normal mode ruby laser account for poor permanent depilatory success rates?

Studies reported to date have shown a good depilatory response from patients treated with the normal mode ruby laser (NMRL) over 12 weeks, but a low response over a time period greater than this. Previous publications have suggested that this could be accounted for by the apparently poor skin penetration of laser light and so this study attempted to assess whether this was indeed the case. Skin samples of varying thicknesses were taken from six Caucasian patients and their depths measured. Each was laid individually on an energy meter before having pulses from an NMRL compatible with clinical doses (4.75 J/cm², 9.24 J/cm² and 13.41 J/cm²) fired on the epidermis. Several samples had the laser fired repetitively on the surface to assess whether this caused any change in laser/skin fluence depth profiles. Repetitive firing of the NMRL on the epidermis of skin samples did not alter the energy recorded by the meter beneath. The fluence/depth profiles were constructed showing the majority of energy was lost within the first 1 mm of the skin surface (50%) which then further reduced over distance but at a much slower rate. The maximum depth of penetration was 14.8 mm (SD±0.478) which appeared to be a function of wavelength and not fluence. The results suggest that laser penetration of skin should be adequate for generating enough heat at the hair bulge and bulb, potentially causing permanent damage. The implications of this study are that it is probably the presence of the correct chromophore in large enough amounts which is required for successful permanent depilation to occur. Paper received 23 December 1999; accepted 7 December 2000.