腺性膀胱炎三种治疗方法治疗效果的随访观察

目的　比较腺性膀胱炎三种治疗方法的效果。方法　 86例腺性膀胱炎患者分别行膀胱药物灌注、经尿道电切、经尿道电切加膀胱药物灌注治疗。随访观察症状缓解程度和膀胱镜病检结果 1年。结果　 73例完成了随访调查 ,占 84.9%。三种方法治疗后症状缓解程度 ,差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;膀胱镜病检复查 ,灌注治疗效果好于电切治疗效果 ,综合治疗效果好于电切治疗效果 ,差异具有显著性意义 ;比较灌注治疗后膀胱镜病检阴性例数 ( 2 2 /2 8)与综合治疗后膀胱镜病检阴性例数 ( 3 0 /3 4) ,差异无显著性意义 ( χ2 =1.0 60 ,P =0 .3 0 3 )。结论　膀胱药物灌注和经尿道电切加膀胱药物灌注的膀胱镜病检复查 ,效果好于电切治疗的效果。     

Cystitis as a correlate of female urinary incontinence

The objectives of the research were to study the association between prevalent urge and stress urinary incontinence (UI) and a history of cystitis in adult females. A cross-section of the adult female population, aged 30–59 years, in the Municipality of Aarhus, Denmark, was studied, using self-reported data based on postal questionnaires. The sample consisted of 3114 women, out of whom 2613 (84%) delivered the information requested. The main outcome measures were period prevalence in 1987 of episodes of UI provoked by physical stress and UI associated with a feeling of urge, prevalence of experience of episodes of cystitis and UI related to cystitis in adult life, and prevalence of relative risks, as indicated by odds ratio (OR), of UI conditional on cystitis experience. Results indicated that the 1987 period prevalences of UI provoked by physical stress and UI associated with a feeling of urge were 15% and 9%, respectively. Forty-five per cent reported a history of cystitis and 10% of UI during episodes of cystitis. Both UI provoked by stress and UI associated with a feeling of urge were significantly correlated to cystitis (OR 2.1, P<0.0001, and 1.8, P<0.0001, respectively) and to UI during episodes of cystitis (OR 7.1, P<0.0001, and 5.7, P<0.0001, respectively). When corrected for the stress aspect, UI being associated with a feeling of urge showed no association of its own to a history of cystitis. However, stress and urge aspects were both correlated to the experience of UI during episodes of cystitis. The prevalence of experience of cystitis increased with increasing number of urologic (per operation OR 2.1, P<0.0001) and gynecologic operations (per operation OR 1.5, P<0.0001), e.g. curretage (per operation OR 1.2, P<0.001), but not with the number of abdominal operations or the number of childbirths. It was concluded that cystitis may be an important component of UI etiology. Stress and not urge UI seems to be the key type related to a history of cystitis in general. The experience of UI during cystitis is connected to both stress and urge UI. A history of cystitis may possibly itself by initiated by surgery.     

Minor salivary glands: Clinical,histological and immunohistochemical features of common and less common pathologies

Hundreds of minor salivary glands (MiSGs) are scattered in the oral cavity located at the submucosa layer. Beside their role in the oral cavity lubrication and immunity defence system, MiSGs are beneficial tissue source for diagnosing oral and non-oral related diseases. The advantage of MiSGs as a diagnostic tool reside on their fairly simple excisional procedure on one hand and negligible impact of the normal secretion capability of the salivary gland system on the other hand. The review focuses on pathologies related to developmental, reactive, metabolic, inflammatory and immunologic conditions, Iatrogenic causes and other undefined causes.     

腺性膀胱炎24例的影像学诊断

目的　探讨腺性膀胱炎的影像诊断要点。方法　对 2 4例经膀胱镜及病理确诊为腺性膀胱炎的患者临床表现、膀胱镜超声波、CT及静脉尿路造影 (IVU )检查资料进行回顾性分析。结果　临床表现为血尿 11例 ,尿路刺激症 9例 ,排尿困难 8例 ,肾功能减退 2例。膀胱镜检查 2 2例 ,表现为菜花样改变 11例 ,水肿与滤泡样改变8例 ,粘膜粗糙 3例。18例行 B超检查 ,12例诊断为膀胱占位。行 IVU检查 15例 ,其中 10例诊断为膀胱占位 ,并经CT证实。 2 4例中并发膀胱癌 2例 ;1例多次复发。结论　腺性膀胱炎易与膀胱癌混淆 ,病理检查是确诊的依据 ,CT及 IVU检查能发现病变。CT检查时发现膀胱占位合并膀胱壁较广泛增厚而无壁外侵犯时 ,应高度怀疑本病     

经尿道电切术联合吡柔比星膀胱灌注治疗腺性膀胱炎26例报告

目的：探讨经尿道电切术联合吡柔比星治疗腺性膀胱炎的方法及疗效。方法：对26例腺性膀胱炎患者经尿道电切后行THP膀胱灌注。结果：26例中，复发2例，临床症状完全消失18例，好转6例。结论：电切术联合吡柔比星是治疗腺性膀胱炎的一种可行有效的方法。     

腺性膀胱炎30例诊断与治疗

目的探讨腺性膀胱炎的临床特征，提高腺性膀胱炎的诊治水平。方法对30例腺性膀胱炎患者行抗感染、经尿道电切(TUR)、膀胱内药物灌注等治疗。结果30例均获得6～72个月的随访，其中治愈24例，3例病情无变化。2例好转者于8～14个月内复发，1例在保守治疗2年后恶变为膀胱腺癌。结论膀胱镜检查结合组织活检对腺性膀胱炎的早期诊断具有重要意义；TUR加膀胱药物灌注是腺性膀胱炎的有效治疗方法；注意腺性膀胱炎有恶变倾向，应密切随访。     

Mast cell activation syndrome

In 1984, interstitial cystitis (IC) was considered a rare psychosomatic disorder in post-menopausal women. In 2014, the Interstitial Cystitis Association of America (ICA) celebrated its 30^th anniversary. We’ve come a long way since 1984 and great progress has been made. IC is now recognized as a condition that afflicts both men and women of all ages, including children and teenagers. It is not a psychiatric disorder. Though it was once thought to be an orphan disease (defined as affecting less than 200,000 people), we now know that there are millions of women and men who suffer from IC/BPS (bladder pain syndrome). In looking back over this period, there were seven key reasons why the ICA became so successful: an extremely dedicated ICA staff, Board of Directors and volunteers; a very strong Medical Advisory Board and participation of many other urologists from across the country and around the world; cooperation of the media; epidemiological studies; the ICA’s Pilot Research Program; our representation in Congress; and a strong working partnership with the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Our history may prove useful to other advocacy groups.     

腺性膀胱炎IL-6、IL-17和TGF-β的表达及意义

目的:探讨白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-17和转化生长因子(TGF)-β在腺性膀胱炎(CG)组织中的表达及其在CG发病及进展中的作用。方法:将15例正常膀胱黏膜定为对照(A)组,43例未复发CG定为治愈(B)组,13例复发和癌变的CG定为进展(C)组;检测3组IL-6、IL-17和TGF-β的表达情况,并分析这些因子与CG发病及进展的相关性。结果:A组、B组及C组IL-6、IL-17和TGF-β的阳性表达率差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。3种因子与CG发病(rs分别为0.431、0.545、0.354,P0.05)和进展(rs分别为0.426、0.333、0.288,P0.05)呈正相关;IL-17分别与IL-6、TGF-β呈正相关(rs分别为0.997、0.961,P0.05)。结论:IL-6、IL-17和TGF-β可能在CG的发病及进展中起重要作用。