Resistin is elevated in cystic fibrosis sputum and correlates negatively with lung function

Background

Resistin is an immunometabolic mediator that is elevated in several inflammatory disorders. A ligand for Toll-like receptor 4, resistin modulates the recruitment and activation of myeloid cells, notably neutrophils. Neutrophils are major drivers of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease, in part due to the release of human neutrophil elastase- and myeloperoxidase-rich primary granules, leading to tissue damage. Here we assessed the relationship of resistin to CF lung disease.

Hormone exposure and its suppressive effect on risk of high-grade gliomas among patients with breast cancer

BackgroundPrior reports demonstrate the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in high-grade gliomas (HGGs), but the relationship between hormone receptor-positive disease and risk of HHGs in patients with breast cancer (BC) remains uncharacterized.MethodsUsing the SEER 18 registries (2000–2017), we examined the temporal trend of the incidence of HGGs and BC. The standardized incidence ratio was calculated to assess the risk of subsequent HGG in BC patients.ResultsDuring the study period, the incidence of BC and HGGs remained comparable for men and women. Among 976,134 patients with BC, we found a decreased incidence of HGGs in females, but not in males. Female BC patients with hormone receptor-positive disease were at a lower risk of developing glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma.ConclusionOur study findings allude to the protective role of hormone exposure in the development of HGGs, which may lead to the development of therapies targeting hormonal pathways.     

富亮氨酸胶质瘤失活1蛋白抗体阳性边缘性脑炎 临床分析及文献复习

目的：总结富亮氨酸胶质瘤失活1蛋白（LGI1）抗体阳性边缘性脑炎的临床和影像特点及诊疗预后。 方法：报道我院1例LGI1抗体阳性相关边缘性脑炎并文献复习。结果：患者女性，60岁，表现为渐进性加重 的记忆力减退、癫痫发作（全身强直阵挛发作，面-臂肌张力障碍发作）、低钠血症和轻度精神行为异常。颅 脑MRI-T2/Flair序列提示双侧颞叶（左侧为甚）内侧、海马异常高信号。脑脊液抗LGI1抗体阳性（++）。经激 素治疗症状有所改善。检索既往报道LGI1抗体阳性边缘性脑炎患者237例，多数呈急性、亚急性起病，最 常见是记忆障碍、癫痫（含面-臂肌张力障碍发作）和低钠血症，头颅MRI（特别是MRI-T2/Flair序列）显示单 侧或者双侧海马区、颞叶异常多见，早期免疫治疗预后良好。结论：LGI1抗体阳性相关边缘性脑炎有其特 有的临床特点，免疫治疗可明显改善患者预后。     

Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) levels inversely correlate with lung function improvement (delta FEV1) in cystic fibrosis patients receiving ivacaftor treatment

Background

We have recently shown that human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) levels correlate with the severity of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. However, there are no data on how HE4 levels alter in patients receiving CFTR modulating therapy.

磁共振质子波谱成像(1H-MRSI) 在胶质瘤诊断中的应用

目的探讨利用磁共振波谱成像(MRSI)反映胶质瘤恶性度的价值.方法41例病理证实胶质瘤,原发39例、复发2例,行MR及MRS扫描,MRS数据经残差Z分数统计模型及LLI、Lip/Cho等指标划分肿瘤边界及不同代谢区,并结合MRI结构成像,划分出肿瘤的高代谢活性区、肿瘤浸润边界、坏死区及乏氧区.结果肿瘤浸润边界均超过MR常规图像上的肿瘤边界.Ⅱ级肿瘤高代谢活性区大部分位于肿瘤区内,但Ⅲ、Ⅳ级则大部分位于肿瘤边界;随肿瘤恶性度升高,肿瘤出现了坏死区及乏氧区.结论MRSI对确定肿瘤恶性度及划分肿瘤边界具有一定价值.     

Relationship between insulin-like growth factor I, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and proresorptive cytokines and bone density in cystic fibrosis

Introduction Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are known to be at risk for early osteoporosis, and the mechanisms that mediate bone loss are still being delineated. The aim of the present investigation was to investigate if a correlation exists in these patients between skeletal measurements by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and two anabolic factors, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and proresorptive factors such as the cytokines interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin-6. Methods We studied 32 outpatients (18 females; mean age: 26.2 ± 7.9 years) at a tertiary care medical center. The subjects had venous samples obtained, underwent anthropometric and bone mineral density (BMD) measurements, and completed a health survey. Serum IGF-I concentrations were below the age-adjusted mean in 78% of the participants, and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS) concentrations were low in 72%. Serum concentrations of all cytokines were on the low side of normal; nonetheless, there was a modest inverse correlation between IL-1β and BMD at all sites. Results In univariate analyses, IGF-I and DHEAS were significant correlates of BMD or bone mineral content. In final multivariate models controlling for anthropometric and other variables of relevance to bone density, only IGF-I was identified as a significant independent skeletal predictor. While alterations in DHEAS, IGF-I, and specific cytokines may contribute to skeletal deficits in patients with CF, of these factors a low IGF-I concentration appears to be most strongly correlated with BMD. Conclusions These findings may have therapeutic implications for enhancing bone density in these patients.     

腺病毒介导的HSV—tk基因治疗大鼠脑胶质瘤实验研究

目的：带有ＨＳＶ－ｔｋ基因的重组腺病毒（ＡｄＨＣＭＶ－ｔｋ）结合核苷类似物（ＮＡ）治疗大鼠Ｃ６脑胶质瘤。方法：用Ｘ－ｇａｌ染色测定ＡｄＨＣＭＶ－ｌａｃＺ转染大鼠Ｃ６胶质瘤细胞的效率。用ＡｄＨＣＭＶ－ｔｋ／ＡＣＶ、ＧＣＶ离体及活体治疗大鼠Ｃ６胶质瘤。结果：ＡｄＨＣＭＶ－ｌａｃＺ感染Ｃ６细胞效率达１００％，ＡｄＨＣＭＶ－ｔｋ感染Ｃ６细胞，在病毒感染复数为１０００时，ＧＣＶ和ＡＣＶ半致死剂量分别为３μｇ／ｍｌ和２０μｇ／ｍｌ，Ａｄ－ＨＣＭＶ－ｔｋ／ＡＣＶ治疗大鼠Ｃ６胶质瘤模型，大鼠生存期超过９０天，而对照组分别为１７．０±１．６天（生理盐水组）、１４．５±１．３天（ＡｄＨＣＭＶ－ｌａｃＺ组），Ｐ＜０．００１。结论：重组腺病毒对靶细胞感染效率可达１００％，ＡｄＨＣＭＶ－ｔｋ用ＧＣＶ的杀伤Ｃ６胶质瘤细胞比ＡＣＶ强，而ＨＳＶ－ｔｋ／ＡＣＶ用腺病毒介导治疗大鼠脑肿瘤疗效显著。     

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in childhood brainstem lesions

Background Diagnosis of brainstem lesions in children based on magnetic resonance imaging alone is a challenging problem. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive technique for spatial characterization of biochemical markers in tissues and gives information regarding cell membrane proliferation, neuronal damage, and energy metabolism. Methods We measured the concentrations of biochemical markers in five children with brainstem lesions and evaluated their potential diagnostic significance. Images and spectra were acquired on a 1.5-T imager. The concentrations of N-acetylaspartate, tetramethylamines (e.g., choline), creatine, phosphocreatine, lactate, and lipids were measured within lesions located at the brainstem using Point-resolved spectroscopy sequences. Results Diagnosis based on localized proton spectroscopy included brainstem glioma, brainstem encephalitis, demyelination, dysmyelination secondary to neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF 1), and possible infection or radiation necrosis. In all but one patient, diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy or by clinical follow-up. Conclusions This small sample of patients suggests that MRS is important in the differential diagnosis between proliferative and nonproliferative lesions in patients without neurofibromatosis. Unfortunately, in cases of NF 1, MRS can have a rather misdiagnosis role.