延安地区泌尿系结石成分分析的研究

目的利用红外光谱法测定延安大学附属医院泌尿外科手术获得的泌尿系结石成分,探讨延安地区泌尿系结石成分与年龄、性别等关系,比较上、下尿路结石成分特点,分析延安地区泌尿系结石发生的流行病学情况,为临床制定有效的个体化治疗及预防措施提供参考依据。方法收集2013年1月至2017年1月在延安大学附属医院泌尿外科治疗1984例尿路结石患者的年龄、性别、结石部位等临床资料,对比分析延安地区泌尿系结石在不同年龄、不同性别、不同解剖部位的分布特点。结果在1984例泌尿系结石的患者中,按每10岁年龄大小分组排序,统计各年龄阶段泌尿系结石发病情况,男性患者有1346例,女性患者有638例,男性年龄(50.23±14.48)岁,女性年龄(47.87±14.51)岁,男、女患者比例约2.11∶1。在66~75岁年龄段,尿路结石发病率性别差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结石成分以混合性结石为主,以混合性结石为主,共1582例,占79.76%。其中1665例(83.92%)为上尿路结石,上、下尿路结石的比例为5.22∶1,其余为肾结石合并膀胱结石。上尿路结石中男性1062例,女性603例,男女比例为1.76∶1;下尿路结石中男性284例,女性35例,男女比例为8.11∶1。青壮年(年龄≤45岁)泌尿系结石患者草酸钙为主结石、感染性结石多见;中老年(年龄>45岁)泌尿系结石者草酸钙为主结石、尿酸类结石多见。感染性结石患者性别差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在延安地区男性较女性更容易患泌尿系结石。同时,不同年龄段结石构成成分具有差异。对于年龄≤45岁患者,主要以草酸钙为主结石、感染性结石多见,这与结石整体发病率基本一致;而对于年龄>45岁患者,主要以草酸钙为主结石、尿酸性结石多见。表明对于不同年龄段的结石患者,可以根据上述结果在结石的预防和治疗上综合考量,给予明确而更加合理的治疗。     

成分输血在临床中的应用

成分输血是现代输血学的重要标志之一。临床医生要了解成分输血的知识,遵循科学用血、合理用血、节约用血的原则,根据病情有针对性地开展成分输血。成分输血的重点,应当是血液的有形成分,即以红细胞和血小板为主的成分输血。本文就成分输血的特点与临床应用等有关问题进行综述。     

心脏组织工程瓣脉动流培养系统的设计与构建

自行设计和制造平面和三维立体培养室及贮液室等构件,用医用硅胶管连接;转子泵作为动力源,贮液室通气口供给5%CO2 95%空气,恒温水浴箱保持构件37℃恒温,这样组成了种植细胞与生物瓣支架复合体的脉动培养系统,并进行生物力学和生物相容性测试,为心脏组织工程瓣的体外构建提供研究器材。结果显示,该装置密闭性能好,内环境能保持37±1℃、CO2浓度5%±1%、pH值6.8～7.5;流量在0.125～6.0L/min的范围内任意调节;同种瓣膜上的内皮细胞经2周培养后扩增约10倍;瓣膜支架的细菌和霉菌培养均为阴性,说明我们构建的脉动流培养系统能有效地模拟体内脉动流场实现种植细胞在体外的增殖、重塑,为心脏组织工程瓣的体外构建提供了一种新的实验方法。     

Incidence and characterization of age related amyloid deposits in the human anterior pituitary gland

Summary To identify amyloid deposits in the anterior pituitary gland, we have immunohistochemical, histochemical and alkaline Congo red staining. The anti-human P component reacted positively with these amyloid deposits, while antisera against prealbumin, AA type amyloid fibril protein and various anterior pituitary hormones were negative. A combination of Congo red and anti-human P component staining was most sensitive and reliable for detection of amyloid in the anterior pituitary glands of 300 randomly autopsied patients. Amyloid deposits increased in parallel with the age of the patients, however, they appeared earlier and more frequently than heretofore reported. Deposition of amyloid was seen initially in the 3rd decade and the positivity rate of amyloid deposits was 73% in the 5th decade. The histochemical characteristics of these pituitary amyloid deposits differed from those of cerebral and systemic deposits, particularly those found in the amyloid of senile systemic amyloidosis.This study was supported in part by a grant from the Fundation for Advancement of Clinical Medicine and Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan     

Analysis of fMRI data by blind separation of data in a tiny spatial domain into independent temporal component

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a promising tool for the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time series. In these studies, mostly assumed is a spatially independent component map of fMRI data (spatial ICA). In this paper, we assume that the temporal courses of the signal and noises are independent within a Tiny spatial domain (temporal ICA). Then with fast-ICA algorithm, spatially neighboring fMRI data were blindly separated into several temporal courses and were preassumed to be formed by a signal time course and several noise time courses where the signal has the largest correlation coefficient with the reference signal. The final functional imaging was completed for the signals obtained from each voxel. Simulations showed that compared with the spatial ICA method, the new temporal ICA method is more effective than the spatial ICA in detecting weak signal in a fMRI dataset. As background noise, the simulations include simulated Gaussian noise and fMRI data without stimulation. Finally, vivo fMRI tests showed that the excited areas evoked by a visual stimuli are mainly in the region of the primary visual cortex and that evoked by auditory stimuli are mainly in the region of the primary temporal cortex.     

煤尘提取物的遗传毒性研究

本研究系采集山西省８个大矿务局所属的１０个煤矿，井下掘进工作面煤样１６份，包括７种煤、即烟煤、无烟煤，弱粘结煤，肥煤，瘦煤、焦煤、气煤，每一份煤将经提取，分成丙份；一份进行亚硝化，另一份为非亚硝化煤样，分别进行Ａｍｅｓ试验，ＳＯＳ显色试验，双微核试验，大鼠骨骼细胞染色体为分骅结果表：１６份煤样提取物经亚硝化后，其中有１０种Ａｍｅｓ试验。ＳＯＳ显色试验均为阳性，从１０种阳性煤尘中，选１至３种进行染色     

方差成分模型在职业紧张研究个体效度评价中的应用

目的探讨如何用方差成分模型评价职业紧张研究的个体效度,即量表是否反映了个体特征,以及个体是否如实完成了问卷的效度评价方法.方法通过方差成分模型获得单位内相关系数对个体效度进行评价.结果分析结果提示对一些填表随意性大,非临床一线科室及组织不力的科室个体效度偏低.结论方差成分模型可用于评价个体完成问卷的情况,对个体效度偏低的数据可以合理地剔除.     

马齿苋总黄酮微乳的制备及经皮渗透研究

目的：以马齿苋总黄酮为模型药物,制备治疗湿疹的经皮给药中药有效组分微乳。方法：通过单因素试验及伪三元相图的绘制筛选微乳组分,并以药物体外经皮渗透速率进一步优化微乳处方。结果：优选处方为肉豆蔻酸异丙酯-Cremophor EL-丙三醇-水（6.5：29.25：29.25：35）,平均粒径为24.54nm;马齿苋总黄酮稳态透皮速率为114.70μg·cm^-2·h^-1,比原湿疹搽剂的透皮速率提高了17倍。结论：马齿苋总黄酮微乳性状均一,澄清透明,质量稳定,透皮性能好。     

A Mid‐term Follow‐up Study on the Reimplantation of Autoclaved Femoral and Tibial Components as Spacers for Treating Infected Total Knee Arthroplasty

ObjectiveInfection after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a rare but devastating complication. Different types of spaces have been used in two‐stage revision. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of autoclaved femoral and tibial components as spacers for treating periprosthetic infections after TKA.MethodsA retrospective study was performed for 13 patients (five males, eight females) with a mean age of 69 ± 6 (range, 57–80) years and suffering from periprosthetic infection after TKA. They were treated with unconventional two‐stage revision from May 2008 to June 2017. In the first‐stage surgery, the autoclaved femoral and tibial components were reimplanted with a new liner as a spacer after a thorough debridement. After 4–6 months, the second‐stage surgery was performed according to the patients'' requirements. The knee society score (KSS) and knee range of motion (ROM) were assessed before and after surgery. The reinfection rate was calculated.ResultsThe mean duration of follow‐up was 5.7 ± 2.1 (range, 3.1–8.8) years. Culture‐positive infections comprised 69% of the cohort. All patients were able to walk 24 h after the first stage surgery, and the knee ROM could reach 90° in 1 week. Two patients (15.4%) experienced an infection recurrence. One patient was reinfected 1 year after the first stage surgery. Another patient developed reinfection 3 years after surgery but did not choose re‐revision and died of pneumonia. Only one patient underwent the second stage revision. The remaining 10 patients refused to receive a new prosthesis. At the time of the final follow‐up, six patients had slight pain in the knee while walking, and one patient required crutches to walk. There were no signs of prosthesis dislocation, rupture, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or delayed wound healing. No radiolucent lines or osteolysis were found. The mean KSS improved from 51 ± 10 (range, 35–63) points preoperatively to 79 ± 5 (range, 60–85) points at the final follow‐up. The average ROM before and after the first stage surgery were 62° ± 29° (range, 10°–100°) and 104° ± 9° (range, 90°–120°) (t = 4.659, P < 0.01) respectively. The infection control rate was 84.6%.ConclusionReimplantation of the autoclaved original femoral and tibial components as an articulating spacer during the first stage surgery is a valuable addition for treating an infected TKA.     

中药水蛭生药学与化学成分的研究进展与展望

本文系统总结了近年来水蛭的原动物品种、鉴定与质量评价、化学成分等研究,并对水蛭药材的未来的发展前景做了初步展望。通过查阅大量文献,发现《中华人民共和国药典》2010版在水蛭的来源的描述与实际情况有较大的偏差,主要体现在分类和命名方面。对于水蛭的药材质量和化学成分的研究,近年来的研究均集中在性状鉴别和指纹图谱等定性鉴别和对水蛭中的大分子物质的研究,对水蛭的定量理化鉴定和小分子物质研究较少。