全科医生内隐胜任力量表的编制及应用研究

背景 全科医生是基层医疗服务的“主力军”,现有关于全科医生胜任力的研究大部分强调应着力提升全科医生的知识和技能水平,忽略了全科医生内隐素质的重要性。目前我国仍缺乏评估全科医生内隐胜任力的有效工具,开发全科医生内隐胜任力量表（GPICRS）对于提高基层医疗服务质量具有重要意义。目的 编制GPICRS,并对其进行评价,旨在为提升全科医生胜任力提供一定的参考。方法 在文献分析和行为事件访谈的基础上,形成初始版量表。于2021年9—12月,采用随机抽样法,从全国选取380例全科医生为研究对象,采用初始版GPICRS对其进行调查,通过项目净化、探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析、信效度分析验证量表的合理性,基于加权平均法评价全科医生的内隐胜任力水平,比较不同特征全科医生的GPICRS平均总得分及各维度得分。结果 共回收有效问卷335份（88.2%）。GPICRS由工作动机、自我效能感、医学人文关怀和医学职业素养4个维度14个条目构成。探索性因子分析结果显示,KMO值为0.737,Bartlett’s球形检验χ2=592.715、P<0.001,表明数据适合进行因子分析;按特征根>1.00...     

ESCMID generic competencies in antimicrobial prescribing and stewardship: towards a European consensus

Objective

To develop a consensus-based set of generic competencies in antimicrobial prescribing and stewardship for European prescribers through a structured consensus procedure.

How does French initial osteopathic training value relational competency,patient education,and the competency-based approach? A cross-sectional survey

BackgroundDespite the promotion of international osteopathic recommendations and registration guidelines, relational competencies and patient education practices present a challenge in the clinical setting due to lack of training. In France, the latest national osteopathic standards for education and practice defined a relational competency that includes patient education. Little is known about its integration in curricula and how French osteopathic practitioners are subsequently trained for relational competency.ObjectiveTo determine teaching, learning, and assessment methods related to relational competency in French initial osteopathic training programs and identify the role of patient education in this relational competency.MethodsAn online questionnaire was designed and sent to all initial training institutes in France (n = 28). Eight institutes answered the survey.ResultsThe relational competencies appeared in various courses, enhanced by clinical learning. However, the courses were not specific to this competency and the volume of hours was relatively low. Patient education was seen as part of relational competency but was poorly implemented. This competency-based approach is still considered an emerging practice in these institutes.ConclusionsThere is a misalignment among intended learning outcomes, teaching, and assessment. Current educational practices are not sufficient to support relational competency, specifically regarding patient education. Further research is needed on how French standards are understood, how they are assimilated by educators, and how they are translated into educational practice. In addition, the adequacy of educators' training for effective implementation of the competency-based approach should be questioned.     

置信专业活动的应用基础和研究进展

基于胜任力的医学教育已取得长足进展并产生广泛影响,但在临床实践方面的教学与评价仍然存在一定局限性。为了增强基于胜任力的医学教育在临床实践环境中的可操作性,将其切实应用于实际的临床实践教学和评价中,置信专业活动应运而生。本文介绍了置信专业活动定义与应用基础、阐述了置信专业活动与胜任力和医学教育里程碑之间的关系,并举例说明...     

服刑能力鉴定中拘禁性精神障碍与精神分裂症对照分析

目的了解服刑能力鉴定中精神分裂症与拘禁性精神障碍的差异。方法回顾性调查60例拘禁性精神障碍与130例精神分裂症,就服刑相关资料、病情特点、服刑能力两组间进行比较。结果拘禁性精神障碍女性比例较高、羁押至发病时间短（P描〈0．05）,刑期较短、起病急、病程短、出现睡眠障碍较多、思维散漫少见、症状内容多与拘禁相关（P描〈0．01）;精神分裂症慢性起病较多、病程长,幻觉妄想、思维散漫、情感不协调、无自知力及无服刑能力较多（P描〈0．01）,Logistic回归分析发现,男性、羁押至发病时间及病程长、思维散漫、妄想及情感不协调是精神分裂症的危险因素。结论拘禁性精神障碍与精神分裂症有不同的特点,性别、羁押至发病的时间、病程、是否存在思维散漫及妄想、情感协调性是两者鉴别的要点。     

Adopting global tools for the advancement of pharmacy practice and workforce in Saudi Arabia

BackgroundThe continuing expansion of the pharmacist’s role necessitates continuous evaluation of current practice to identify strategies for improvements. The International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) has developed tools to support stakeholders in identifying development needs and planning advancement strategies. The aim of this research was to utilise the FIP Global Competency Framework, version 2 (GbCF v2), and FIP Development Goals (DGs) to evaluate competencies related to pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia, and to understand the strategies needed to develop and improve the current practice.MethodsThe study involved four phases. Phase 1 involved translation of the FIP GbCF v2 into the Arabic language. Phase 2 was a consensus panel validation to establish the initial relevance of the competencies to current practice. Phase 3 included a national survey distributed to all registered pharmacists in Saudi Arabia. The final phase was conducted through mapping ‘not relevant’ competencies to FIP DGs to identify priorities.ResultsThe translation phase yielded a bilingual framework that could be utilized by pharmacists in Saudi Arabia. The initial validation phase identified 61 behavioral statements (from 124 in the GbCF v2) as ‘highly relevant’ or ‘relevant’ to pharmacy practice. Findings from the national survey identified a list of ‘not relevant’ competencies that could highlight gaps in current practice. The final mapping phase generated a list of three FIP DG priorities: DG5 (competency development), DG8 (working with others) and DG11 (impact and outcomes).ConclusionThe study indicated that competencies in the GbCF v2 were relevant to pharmacists practicing in the country. However, some competencies were perceived as ‘not relevant’ to current practice and these highlighted gaps in the current practice that need attention. Mapping ‘not relevant’ competencies to FIP DGs should be used as a starting point towards developing strategies, systems, and protocols to advance pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia.     

Guest Editorial

No abstract available for this article.     

基于初级指挥军官任职需求的军校技术类学员胜任力模型研究

目的:建立基于初级指挥军官任职需求的军校技术类学员胜任力模型。方法:通过文献法和问卷法建立初级指挥军官胜任力指标,针对军校技术类学员施测,运用统计学方法处理和分析数据。结果:建立的胜任力模型具有良好的信效度,与已有的模型相比具有一定特殊性。结论:初级指挥军官胜任力模型可以作为技术类学员选拔、训练、培养和分配的科学依据,对改革军校技术类学员培养模式具有一定启示意义。     

Entrustable professional activities for quality and patient safety

Background

Further efforts are warranted to identify innovative approaches to best implement competencies in nursing education. To bridge the gap between competency-based education, practice, and implementation of knowledge, skills, and attitudes, one emerging approach is entrustable professional activities (EPAs).