螺栓内固定治疗新鲜股骨颈骨折76例

本文介绍作者自行设制的多枚螺栓内固定治疗不同类型的新鲜股骨颈骨折76例。经3～12年随访,功能恢复优良率为88.2％,骨不愈合率为6.5％,股骨头缺血坏死率为10.6％。螺栓内固定具有稳定可靠的加压作用,使两骨折端紧密对合、互相嵌插,促进骨折愈合。     

A modified direct lateral approach for neck-preserving total hip arthroplasty: tips and technical notes

Tissue-sparing surgery for hip replacement aims to minimize muscle damage and conserve the femoral neck through the use of mini-prostheses. We propose a modification of the classical direct lateral access procedure that preserves the gluteus medius. Further advantages during the surgical phase include limited blood loss, visualization of the entire acetabulum, and sparing of the transverse ligament. Precise implantation is facilitated and normal biomechanics are preserved. The gluteus medius is divided longitudinally between the anterior third and posterior two-thirds to provide access to the gluteus minimus, which is detached from the femoral insertion together with a small portion of the vastus lateralis, forming a flap that exposes the underlying articular capsule. When the femoral head is revealed, a decision is made to either continue with its dislocation directly or to resect it and remove it separately to avoid damaging the gluteus medius during dislocation. Upon removal of the femoral head, with the limb flexed and slightly over-rotated, the acetabulum is completely visible. Limb length is maintained through the use of reference stitches on the gluteus minimus tendon and the proximal insertion of the vastus lateralis. In keeping with the minimally invasive philosophy, only pathological tissue is removed (marginal osteophytes, geodes, joint capsule, cartilage to the point of bleeding and pulvinar). We have performed more than 2,000 implants with this procedure since 1990. Advantages and potential critical points are discussed.     

Biomechanical analysis of fractures in the mandibular neck (collum mandibulae)

After treatment of fractures in the neck of the mandible by means of immobilization of the dentition, often more or less severe manifestations of malocclusion remain. It was hypothesized that this is caused by an altered articulation in the jaw joint on the affected side. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that an anteriorly displaced condyle, as observed frequently as a side effect of the treatment, is caused by pull of the lateral pterygoid muscle, despite maxillomandibular fixation.Intervention experiments were performed in silico to test these hypotheses. With a biomechanical model of the human masticatory system alterations were applied mimicking a fractured mandibular neck and configurations that had been observed after healing.It was predicted that the altered articulation in the jaw joint caused asymmetrical jaw movements despite symmetrical muscle activation. The jaw was predicted to close with an open bite similar to clinical observations. The predicted laterodeviations, however, were not in accordance with clinical observations. Despite maxillo-mandibular fixation the lateral pterygoid muscle was able to pull the mandibular condyle out of its fossa in anterior direction. Consequently, despite some methodological limitations, in general the predictions corroborated the hypotheses.     

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??Objective??To measure and compare the discrepancy of Collum angle of incisors among different types of Angle malocclusion using CBCT??and to provide guidance for the prevention of alveolar bone fenestration and dehiscence in anterior region. Methods??The cases of malocclusion were chosen in the Xi'an Jiao Tong University Hospital of Stomatology from 2014 to 2016??and four types of malocclusion were obtained class ??30 cases????class ??1 ??29 cases????class ??2??27 cases????class ??30 cases????according to the clinical occlusion. Sagittal sections of right upper and lower incisors were obtained by three-dimensional CBCT images using Invivo 5 software?? and Auto CAD 2007 software was used to measure the angle formed by the long axis of crown and root??Collum angle????and then analyzing the differences among groups were analyzed by single factor variance and compared by Scheffe method. Results??There were significant differences in the size of Collum angle among different types of malocclusion??P??0.05??. The Collum angle of upper incisor in class ??2 was ??7.02 ± 1.83??°??which was significantly larger than that of other groups. The Collum angle of lower incisor in Class ??1 was??-2.25 ± 4.76??°??which meaned that the crown could be lip side compared to the root??and there was significant difference compared with the other groups. The Collum angle of the lower incisor in class ?? was??8.15 ± 2.50??°??which was also significantly larger than other groups. Conclusion??There are significant differences in the Collum angle of the upper and lower incisors among different types of malocclusion. The crown of upper incisor in Class ?? 2 and lower incisor in Class ?? can be lingual side to the root??and the crown of lower incisor in Class II1 can be lip side compared to the root??which should be taken into consideration when the incisor is pulled backward or inclined to lip to avoid the root cutting through bone cortex.     

不同安氏错牙合畸形中切牙Collum角差异性锥形束CT分析

目的　通过锥形束CT（CBCT）影像测量比较成人不同安氏错牙合分类之间上下中切牙Collum角的差异性规律,为预防前牙骨开裂及骨开窗提供指导。方法　根据临床咬合检查分类,筛选2014—2016年就诊于西安交通大学附属口腔医院正畸科患者116例,其中安氏错牙合Ⅰ类30例、Ⅱ类1分类（Ⅱ1类）29例、Ⅱ类2分类（Ⅱ2类）27例、Ⅲ类30例。使用Invivo 5软件对CBCT图像进行三维定位,获得右侧上下中切牙正中矢状截面图,Auto CAD 2007软件测量牙冠长轴根方延长线与牙根长轴的夹角（Collum角,冠根角的补角）,再进行各组之间大小差异性单因素方差分析及Scheffe法多重比较。结果　不同安氏错牙合类型患者之间中切牙Collum角大小差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;安氏Ⅱ2类组上中切牙Collum角为（7.02 ± 1.83）°,显著大于其他错牙合类型;安氏Ⅱ1类下中切牙Collum角为（-2.25 ± 4.76）°,牙冠相对于牙根可偏唇侧,与其他错牙合类型组存在显著性差异;安氏Ⅲ类组下中切牙Collum角（8.15 ± 2.50）°,显著大于其他错牙合类型。结论　不同安氏错牙合类型上下中切牙Collum角差异显著,安氏Ⅱ2类上中切牙、安氏Ⅲ类下中切牙牙冠相对牙根偏舌侧,安氏Ⅱ1类下中切牙牙冠相对牙根偏唇侧,前牙内收或唇倾时应考虑该情况,以防牙根穿出骨皮质。     

闭合复位经皮空心钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折

目的:探讨闭合复位经皮空心钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法:采取闭合复位经皮空心钉内固定治疗45例股骨颈骨折患者。观察骨折类型、受伤至手术时间、术中对骨折端复位程度等指标与术后发生股骨颈骨折不愈合、股骨头缺血性坏死的发生率及髋关节功能恢复情况的关系。结果:45例患者随访时间13～60月,平均36月。37例骨折愈合,愈合率82.22%,8例骨折不愈合。发生股骨头缺血性坏死9例,发生率20%。手术时间30～50 min,平均40 min。按照Harris功能评分标准:优30例,良5例,可1,差9例,优良率:77.78%。结论:闭合复位经皮空心钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折具有创伤小、并发症少、骨折愈合率较高等优点,骨折的严重程度直接影响预后,伤后应早期手术,解剖复位,牢固固定。     

颈肋与先天性高肩胛症致胸廓出口综合征1例

患者男,38岁.左颈肩部不适多年,左臂酸胀、麻木、易疲劳,举臂无力,活动后加重来诊.     

空心加压螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折早期失败原因及处理分析

目的分析空心加压螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折早期失败的原因并提出预防措施。方法对20例空心加压螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折失败的病例进行失败原因分析和总结。其中采用切开复位动力髋螺钉(DHS)内固定5例,行旋髂深血管髂骨骨膜瓣移植5例,行人工关节置换10例。结果所有病例再次手术后均获得随访,随访时间12～24个月。DHS固定的患者中股骨颈骨折愈合10例,1例发生骨折不愈合行人工股骨头置换;行旋髂深血管髂骨骨膜瓣移植的患者骨折均愈合,随访2年未见股骨头坏死;10例关节置换患者功能恢复良好。结论股骨颈骨折内固定早期失败的原因包括髋钉在股骨头颈的位置不良、螺钉过短螺纹未完全通过骨折线、骨折对位不良、术后过早负重活动等。正确的手术操作、良好的骨折复位及规范康复指导是预防股骨颈骨折治疗失败的有效措施。     

眼性斜颈诊断与治疗

通过对引起眼性斜颈的疾病临床分析，找出最常引用眼性斜颈的上斜肌麻痹、垂直性偏斜和Ａ－Ｖ综合征。并对这些疾病的诊断和手术原则提出了可行的手法。