自我概念和个体自尊、集体自尊对大学生主观幸福感的影响

目的:探讨大学生自我概念、个体自尊、集体自尊和主观幸福感的关系。方法:采用幸福感指数量表、自我概念量表、个体自尊量表、集体自尊量表对233名大学生进行测查。结果:①大学生的来源影响着主观幸福感,来自于城市的大学生比来自于农村的大学生体验到较高的生活满意度(P<0.01)。②自我概念、个体自尊、集体自尊和主观幸福感相关显著(P<0.01)。③自我概念、个体自尊、集体自尊对主观幸福感预测作用显著(P<0.001)。结论:自我概念、个体自尊、集体自尊是大学生主观幸福感的重要预测因素。     

呼吸功能不全综合实验改革的探索

目的:为了探索如何在一次教学实验中将生理学、病理生理学和药理学三个机能学科的实验有机地结合起来, 形成综合性实验以培养学生的综合思维和实验研究能力。方法:在病理生理学的呼吸功能不全实验的基础上, 增加了呼吸的生理调节和不同类型的呼吸衰竭采用不同的针对性药物治疗, 并且采用启发式教学方法。结果:学生学习兴趣明显提高, 学生不仅学到了更多的研究方法, 而且综合分析和科研创新能力都有明显提高。结论:这种改进明显提高了实验课的教学水平和教学质量。     

论理想的层次结构

理想是由个体理想、群体理想、社会共同理想三个既相互区别又相互联系的不同层次组成的统一整体。在理想教育中 ,要坚持远大理想和现阶段理想的统一 ,个人理想和社会共同理想的统一     

集体儿童蛲虫感染调查

目的了解集体儿童蛲虫感染的情况,以利采取相应的防治措施,加强幼托机构的卫生保健管理。方法对８所幼托机构５０３例儿童进行蛲虫感染抽样调查,采用玻片粘胶纸粘取肛周物在显微镜下找蛲虫卵的方法。结果集体儿童蛲虫感染率为８．３５％,男女儿童感染率无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。儿童蛲虫感染率４～６岁组明显高于０～３岁组（Ｐ＜０．００５）,私立所明显高于其他幼托园所（Ｐ＜０．００５）,全托制所明显高于日托制所。４２例蛲虫感染儿童中,２０人有不良卫生习惯,１８人有明显的症状。结论根治蛲虫感染重在预防,要广泛开展卫生宣教,使家庭和幼托机构都要重视培养儿童良好的卫生习惯,同时要加强对幼托机构的卫生保健管理,定期对儿童和保育人员进行普查普治,切实降低集体儿童蛲虫感染率。     

Music therapists’ job satisfaction,collective self-esteem,and burnout

General references show that the type of professional identity known as collective self-esteem could be an important factor in professionals’ job satisfaction and burnout. However, little attention has been paid to identifying the interactions of these three variables in music therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between music therapists’ job satisfaction, collective self-esteem, and burnout. Specifically, this paper emphasizes the role of collective self-esteem as a mediator between music therapists’ job satisfaction and burnout. Ninety professional music therapists in Korea participated in this study. The Korean Music Therapists’ Job Satisfaction Scale, the Collective Self-Esteem Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to measure music therapists’ job satisfaction, collective self-esteem, and burnout, respectively.     

The Two-Part Film Technique: Empowering Dissociative Clients to Alter Cognitive Distortions and Maladaptive Behaviors

ABSTRACT

This paper describes and illustrates the two-part film (TPF) technique, an intervention characteristic of the Collective Heart model (Krakauer, 2001), a phase-oriented approach to treating dissociative disorders. Emphasis is on the technique's value in interdicting maladaptive interpersonal and intrapersonal patterns which perpetuate depression, anxiety, dissociation, and self-defeating behaviors. The approach is compared with similar internal screen techniques appearing in the hypnotic literature, and distinctive features of the TPF are noted. These include the minimally directive role of the therapist, reliance on the inner wisdom of the client, present and future orientation, and amplification of desired affective and somatic experiences. A verbatim clinical illustration is presented and discussed, with emphasis on the empowering impact of the TPF.     

Reflections on Conversations and Memory

The study of memory and remembering has traditionally either stripped meaning away from acts of remembering to reveal the “raw material of memory” or explored how meaning guides the reconstruction of the past. In reflecting on the contributions to this topic, there appears to be an emerging “third‐way,” which holds that there is an inextricable relation between conversations and remembering. The articles in this volume exemplify how conversing is often an act of remembering and represent approaches to memory that might not otherwise be taken if one were to study memory as a within‐individual phenomenon. The implications of this approach are far‐ranging and present the opportunity to pose new questions about the nature of remembering as it unfolds in conversation. The contributing articles have expanded the scope of what memory researchers can study by adopting a relatively straightforward assumption about the sociality of remembering and the role of the conversation in the social process.     

La psychopathologie nous aide-t-elle à penser les théories du complot ? Trois modèles cliniques d’un imaginaire collectif

ObjectivesConspiracy theories appear today as a specific collective imaginary. Belief in conspiracy theories seems to have clearly increased during the last decades, partly due to their elaboration and diffusion via social media. A lot of empirical research about conspiracy theories are designed in social and cognitive psychology, but only a few studies adopt a clinical point of view. One reason is that such a clinical approach carries the risk of abusively applying some psychopathological notions to a wide range of the general population, and to a social – and not only individual – construct. This paper aims to promote a psychodynamic approach to conspiracy theories. We argue that this approach allows to studying them as subjective and collective constructs, leaving aside any attempt to make a diagnosis on people believing in conspiracy theories, and any dichotomy between the normal and the pathological.Materials and methodsWe discuss three clinical ways to represent the psychological functions of conspiracy theories: paranoid ideation, perverse uses, and reaction to traumatic events. As a matter of fact, these clinical notions are often explicitly referred to, or implicitly implied, when psychological motives or functions of belief in conspiracy theories are discussed. We seek to point out the implications of these three clinical notions and their ability to shed light on conspiracy theories. This leads to discuss their relevance for a differential clinic of the belief in conspiracy theories, allowing to identify the various dimensions of conspiracy theories, and of their subjective uses and functions.ResultsThrough a psychodynamic understanding of clinical entities, conspiracy theories can be studied as both subjective and collective constructs. In this way, we argue that a psychodynamic approach can avoid the risk of a diagnostical and pathological use of clinical concepts stemming from a binary distribution between the normal and the pathological. It rather leads to question along a continuum the various dimensions of conspiracy theories and of the belief in their content.ConclusionsThe phenomenon of conspiracy theories seems to emerge from a wide range of heterogeneous and distinctive constructs, uses and attitudes. Belief in conspiracy theories can provide several kinds of psychological benefits, implying various subjective functions and psychic mechanisms. Moreover, in terms of psychological attitudes, we have to clearly distinguish different phenomena: some spontaneous and collective elaborations of conspiracy theories, belief in conspiracy theories, the process of their diffusion, and their political, social and psychological intentional uses. These heterogeneous dimensions raise the risk of undermining any study of this phenomenon considering it as a unidimensional and a unified construct. In this way, we argue that a differential clinic of this conspiracy phenomenon is a methodological need, prior to the design of empirical clinical studies and to the reflection about preventive actions.     

Participatory citizenship: Critical perspectives on client-centred occupational therapy

Abstract

Background/aims: This article aims to discuss client-centred practice, the current dominant approach within occupational therapy, in relation to participatory citizenship. Occupational therapists work within structures and policies that set boundaries on their engagement with clients, while working with complex, multidimensional social realities. Methods: The authors present a critical discussion shaped by their research, including a survey, discussions at workshops at international conferences, and critical engagement with the literature on occupational therapy, occupation, and citizenship. Conclusion: A focus on citizenship suggests reframing professional development based on the participation in public life of people as citizens of their society. While occupational therapists often refer to clients in the context of communities, groups, families, and wider society, the term client-centred practice typically represents a particular view of the individual and may sometimes be too limited in application for a more systemic and societal approach. Significance: The authors question the individual focus which has, until recently, been typical of client-centred occupational therapy. Placing citizenship at the core of intervention is a transformative process that assumes all people are citizens and conceives of health as a collective issue, influencing the way we educate, do research, and practise.