氯喹敏感与抗性株恶性疟原虫对青蒿琥酯、克林霉素及其联用的体外敏感性

目的 为了解氯喹敏感和抗性株恶性疟原虫对青蒿琥酯、克林霉素及其二联用的敏感性。方法 运用Rieckmann体外微量法测定原虫对药物的敏感性。结果 氯喹敏感株恶性疟原虫对青蒿琥酯、克林霉素及青／克联用的ID50分别为2.8、3784.7及6.4/2046.6nmol/L；抗性株原虫对上述药物的ID50分别为8.1、1652.1及2.35/1409.4nmol/L。结论 抗氯喹恶性疟原虫对克林霉素无交叉抗性。青蒿琥酯与克林霉素联用在体外测定中，其抗疟作用对抗性株明显优于敏感株。     

Macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin B resistance phenotypes and genotypes among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates in Japan

In total, 269 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 434 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates were investigated to determine their macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS(B)) resistance phenotypes and genotypes. The constitutive phenotype (61.3% in MRSA, 1.3% in MSSA) and erm(A) gene predominated among the 261 erythromycin-resistant MRSA isolates, while the inducible phenotype (38.7% in MRSA, 94.0% in MSSA) and erm(C) gene were more prevalent among the 150 erythromycin-resistant MSSA isolates. There was a higher incidence of the MLS(B) inducible phenotype compared with other countries, perhaps because MLS(B) antibiotics are not recommended as first-line agents against S. aureus in Japan.     

克林霉素在老年患者呼吸道感染中的应用

目的:探讨克林霉素在老年呼吸道感染中的应用价值.方法:38例老年呼吸道感染惠者随机分为治疗组(克林霉素)和对照组(青霉素 丁胺卡那霉素),观察临床疗效.结果:治疗组在退热时间和治疗时间上均短于对照组,差异具有显著性意义,而副反应少而轻微.结论:克林霉素治疗老年呼吸道感染安全有效.     

克林霉素凝胶的制备及质量控制

目的:制备克林霉素凝胶并建立其质量控制方法。方法:以盐酸克林霉素为主药,卡波姆-934、丙二醇等为辅料制备凝胶;采用高效液相色谱法测定盐酸克林霉素的含量。结果:所制凝胶质地均匀,粘稠度适中;盐酸克林霉素检测浓度线性范围为20～80μg/ml,平均回收率为99.50%,RSD=1.05%。结论:该制剂性质稳定,质量易控。     

克林霉素注射剂临床应用安全性调查与评价

目的:安全应用克林霉素注射剂。方法:以自制调查表等形式对2004年3月22日~2004年4月27日我院应用克林霉素注射剂的167例住院患者进行追踪调查和分析。结果:应用克林霉素预防感染98例,治疗感染76例;联合其它抗菌药物预防和治疗感染107(47+60)例;用药剂量0·6g~1·2g,bid,平均用药(17±15)d;不良反应发生率6·6%(11/167),主要表现为恶心、呕吐、腹泻、口唇麻木、发热、霉菌感染等。结论:只有严格掌握用药指征和方法,方可提高用药安全性。     

Novel Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Clindamycin Phosphate and Adapalene along with Preservatives in Topical Gel Formulations

A novel stability-indicating RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of clindamycin phosphate (hydrophilic), adapalene (hydro-phobic), phenoxyethanol, and methylparaben in topical gel formulations. Optimum chromatographic separation among the analytes and stress-induced degradants peaks was achieved on the XBridge C18 (50 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm) column using a mobile phase consisting of a variable mixture of pH 2.50 ammonium hydrogen phosphate buffer, acetonitrile, and tetrahydrofuran with gradient elution. Detection was performed at 210 nm for phenoxyethanol, methylparaben, and clindamycin phosphate and 321 nm for adapalene. The method was optimized with a unique diluent selection for the extraction of clindamycin phosphate and adapalene from the gel matrix. The developed method was validated for method precision, specificity, LOD and LOQ, linearity, accuracy, robustness, and solution stability as per ICH guidelines. The proposed method can be employed for the quantification of clindamycin phosphate, adapalene, phenoxyethanol, and methylparaben in commercial topical gel formulations.     

小儿金翘颗粒联合克林霉素治疗小儿急性扁桃体炎的临床研究

目的观察小儿金翘颗粒联合盐酸克林霉素棕榈酸酯干混悬剂治疗小儿急性扁桃体炎的有效性和安全性。方法选取2014年6月—2017年6月在漯河市中心医院治疗的120例急性扁桃体炎患儿作为研究对象,所有患儿按照入院先后顺序分成对照组和治疗组,每组各60例。对照组患儿温水冲服盐酸克林霉素棕榈酸酯干混悬剂,1袋/次,3次/d;治疗组患者在对照组治疗的基础上开水冲服小儿金翘颗粒,5～7岁儿童7.5 g/次,3次/d;8～10岁儿童7.5 g/次,4次/d;11～12岁儿童10 g/次,3次/d。两组患儿连续治疗1周。观察两组患者的临床疗效,同时比较两组治疗前后的症状积分、主观生活质量问卷(ISLQ)评分、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、炎性指标水平和不良反应情况。结果治疗后,治疗组的总有效率为96.67%,显著高于对照组的85.00%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者症状积分、ISLQ评分和VAS评分均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组症状积分、ISLQ评分和VAS评分显著低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和C反应蛋白(CRP)水平均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组炎性指标水平显著低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗期间,对照组和治疗组的不良反应发生率分别为13.33%、3.33%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论小儿金翘颗粒联合盐酸克林霉素棕榈酸酯干混悬剂治疗小儿急性扁桃体炎疗效显著,可显著改善患儿体内炎症水平,安全性高,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

Identification of an erm(T) gene in strains of inducibly clindamycin-resistant group B Streptococcus

Five inducibly clindamycin (CLI)-resistant group B Streptococcus (GBS) isolates, all negative for erm(A) and erm(B) genes, were found to contain erm(T), a gene previously reported in erythromycin-resistant animal isolates of Lactobacillus spp. and human isolates of Streptococcus bovis. One additional GBS isolate, constitutively resistant to CLI, was also positive for the erm(T) gene in addition to erm(B). To our knowledge, this is the 1st report of erm(T) in GBS, the 2nd bacterial species from humans in which the erm(T) gene has been identified, and the 3rd erm gene to be found in GBS.     

肺炎链球菌对红霉素的耐药性及耐药表型

目的 调查上海地区肺炎链球菌对红霉素，克林霉素的耐药率及红霉素耐药菌的耐药表型。方法 以琼脂稀释法测定345株肺炎链球菌对红霉素，克林霉素的最低抑菌浓度，以双纸片法测定红霉素耐药菌的耐药表型。结果 肺炎链球菌对红霉素及克林霉素及克林霉素的耐药率分别为53.0%（183/345）及49.6%(171/345)。对红霉素耐药菌中，内在型耐药（cMLS)占90.3%(159/176)，诱导型耐药（iMLS)占5.7%(10/176)，M型耐药占4.0%(7/176)。结论 上海地区肺炎链球菌对红霉素的耐药率高，其耐药表型以cMLS为主。