长江北三角洲抗倭碑文的史料意义

长江北三角平原上所遗存的二十余种记及明代倭患和抗倭战争的古代的碑石文献 ,在数量上据全国各抗倭战区所存的同类文献之首。在内容上 ,对补充旧史的阙失、订正传误、佐证史实、深化研究也有诸多帮助 ,尤其是对廓正对倭寇与倭患问题的认识有着积极的意义     

Chronic acid ingestion promotes renal stone formation in rats treated with vitamin D3

OBJECTIVE: Although hypercalciuria, a well-established adverse effect of vitamin D3, can be a risk factor of renal stone formation, the risk of nephrolithiasis has not been well defined. The consumption of a diet high in acid precursors is often cited as a risk factor for the development of calcium-based kidney stones. In the present study, we investigated the effect of chronic acid ingestion on kidney stone formation in rats treated with calcitriol (1-25[OH]2 D3). METHODS: Control rats (C-C), calcitriol-treated rats (C-V; three treatments of 0.5 microg of calcitriol per week) and acid-ingested (water containing 0.21 mol/L NH4Cl), calcitriol-treated (three treatments of 0.5 microg of calcitriol per week) rats (A-V) were fed in metabolic cages. After 1 month, urine, blood, kidney and bone samples were analyzed. RESULTS: The A-V rats exhibited elevated serum calcium concentrations, urinary calcium and phosphate excretion, urinary type I collagen cross-linked N-peptide (NTx)/creatinine values, mRNA expression of osteopontin in the kidney, and renal calcium contents as well as decreased bone mineral densities, compared with the C-C and C-V rats. Urinary citrate excretion was lower and NaDC-1 mRNA expression in the kidney was higher in the A-V rats than in the C-C and C-V rats. Calcium phosphate kidney stones were found in the A-V rats. CONCLUSIONS: The ingestion of NH4Cl, an acid precursor, promotes calcium phosphate kidney stone formation in calcitriol-treated rats. The chronic intake of a diet rich in acid precursors may be a risk factor for the development of kidney stones in subjects who are being treated with calcitriol.     

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy of a staghorn stone in thoracic ectopic kidney

Congenital thoracic ectopic kidney is a very rare developmental anomaly and the rarest form of all ectopic kidneys. It is usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on routine chest radiography. Herein we reported the first case of staghorn stone in a thoracic kidney managed successfully by percutaneous nephrolithotomy.     

Influence of insulin on cholesterol removal from macrophages and cholesterol ester uptake by HepG2 cells

The fact that an increased blood insulin level is observed in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) confirms the hypothesis that insulin promotes the development of atherosclerosis. The low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration observed in such patients may contribute to alteration in reverse cholesterol transport and promote the accumulation of sterols in vascular tissue. We examined the effect of insulin (20−1000μUmL⁻¹) on cholesterol efflux into HDL₃ particles from human blood monocyte/macrophages and rat peritoneal macrophages preloaded with labelled cholesterol esters, and the influence of insulin on the accumulation of sterols by rat liver cells and HepG2 cell line in vitro models. Insulin at concentrations up to 250μUmL⁻¹ inhibited the efflux of cholesterol from rat macrophages and promoted high uptake of sterols by both types of hepatic cells. Pharmacological concentrations higher than 250μU mL⁻¹ exerted the opposite effect. In the case of human macrophages, an insulin concentration of 20μUmL⁻¹ increased cholesterol removal, whereas 100−200μU mL⁻¹ insulin inhibited cholesterol removal from cells, and very high concentrations (>350μUmL⁻¹) again increased cholesterol removal. We have shown that insulin excess counteracts the beneficial effects of HDL in removing cellular cholesterol and, therefore, may promote development of atherogenesis.     

128例肾输尿管结石临床分析

目的为探讨肾输尿管结石的临床特点,以提出更好的防治措施。方法对原西南师范大学医院1997-2004年治疗的128例肾输尿管结石病例的临床资料进行统计分析。结果本组病例男女之比为2.05∶1,29岁以下发病103例,占80.5%。2001年起发病呈上升趋势,2003年最高。每年9-10月是发病高峰,占本组病例的31.2%。经体外震波碎石99例,3个月结石排净率为83%,与文献报道的基本一致。结论该校肾输尿管结石患者,男性多于女性,30岁以下居多。发病近年增加,体外震波碎石疗效好。     

Cholesterol-based personal risk assessment in coronary heart disease

Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) 1976-1980, we demonstrate how cross-sectional total serum cholesterol surveillance data can be used by an individual to assess current and future personal cholesterol risk status. We propose statistical models, based on a person's current measured cholesterol level and the relationship between cross-sectional age and cholesterol percentile estimates, that will allow prediction of future cholesterol levels or the age at which specified cholesterol risk levels will be reached if no cholesterol-altering intervention is taken. These models incorporate the observed variation in the NHANES II data and expected intraperson biological variation and intralaboratory analytical variation. We illustrate the adequacy of the models using data from the longitudinal Framingham Study.     

雷帕霉素对炎性反应状态下肾小球系膜细胞内脂质稳态的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of rapamycin on cholesterol homeostasis of glomerular mesangial cells and the underlying mechanism. Methods Glomerular mesangial cell line (HMCL) cells were cultured and divided into control group, IL-1β group and different concentration rapamycin groups. Intracellular cholesterol accumulation was observed and measured by oil O staining and HPLC. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of LDLR, PPARγ, LXRα, ABCA1 in HMCL after the treatment with IL-1β and rapamycin. Results Rapamycin had no significant influence on intracellular cholesterol concentration under normal condition. IL-1β significantly increased the intracellular cholesterol concentration by 143％ of control (P<0.05), and 10, 50, 100 ?滋g/L rapamycin could significantly inhibit the effect of IL-1β (87％, 116％, 96％ of control respectively, all P<0.05). Rapamycin could suppress the increased expression of LDLR caused by IL-1β on both mRNA and protein level in a dose-dependent manner（P<0.01）. Rapamycin dose-dependently up-regulated the reduced mRNA and protein expression of ABCA1, the decreased mRNA expression of PPARγ and LXRα induced by IL-1β as well (P<0.01）. Conclusion Rapamycin may contribute to the maintenance of intracellular cholesterol homeostasis in glomerular mesangial cells under inflammatory state by both reducing cholesterol uptake and promoting cholesterol efflux.     

Effect of different phospholipid-cholesterol membrane compositions on liposome-mediated formation of calcium phosphates

Summary The present report compares the effects of different membrane phospholipid (PL)-cholesterol compositions on the kinetics of liposome-mediated formation of calcium phosphates from metastable solutions (2.25 mM CaCl₂; 1.5 mM KH₂PO₄) at 22°C, pH 7.4 and 240 mOsm. In most experiments, the liposomes were composed of 7:2:X mixtures of phosphatidylcholine (PC), neutral or acidic phospholipids, and cholesterol (Chol, X=0, 10, 35, or 50 mol%). The neutral phospholipids (NPL) examined, in addition to PC, were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and sphingomyelin (Sph), and the acidic phospholipids (APL) examined were dicetylphosphate (DCP), dioleolylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG), dioleolylphosphatidic acid (DOPA), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). The 7:2:X liposomes did not initiate mineralization in metastable external solutions per se or, with the exception of DOPA, show extensive Ca-PL binding. However, solution Ca²⁺ losses due to precipitation occurred when the liposomes were encapsulated with 50 mM KH₂PO₄ and made permeable to external Ca²⁺ with X-537A. The extent of these Ca²⁺ losses was sensitive to both the phospholipid and Chol makeup of the membrane. Moderate-to-extensive intraliposomal precipitation occurred in all 7PC:2APL and 7PC:2NPL liposomes containing 0 or 10 mol% Chol. In contrast, at 50 mol% Chol, mineralization inside all liposomes was negligible. The only significant discriminating effect on internal mineralization among the different phospholipids was observed at 35 mol% Chol, where mineral accumulations ranged from negligible to moderate. At 0 or 10 mol% Chol, extraliposomal precipitation was extensive in all but DOPA- and PS-containing liposomes. However, onece intraliposomal yields declined at the higher Chol levels, external mineralization was either delayed or totally blocked in all liposome preparations. Other experiments showed that Sph substituted for PC in 7NPL:2DCP:1Chol liposomes totally blocked both intra- and extraliposomal precipitaiton. PE substituted in this manner, however, blocked only extraliposomal precipitation. The results of this study suggest that interference of the membrane transport processes controlling intraliposomal precipitation [15] by high (50 mol%) Chol levels is not significantly compromised by the specific APL or NPL incorporated in the membrane. Similarly, the data suggest that Chol does not directly affect the specfic interactions of the different membrane APLs with the mineral phase. On the other hand, the substitution of other NPLs for PC can affect the role of APLs such as DCP in liposome-mediated mineralization.     

成核效应蛋白在泡凝聚融合过程中作用的初步研究

为了探讨成核效应蛋白在泡凝聚、融合过程中的作用，作者研究了胆汁中主要的促成核蛋白系统—ＣｏｎＡ结合蛋白对模拟胆汁泡的形态与脂类组成的影响，发现ＣｏｎＡ结合蛋白在加快泡凝聚与融合的同时，也使泡胆固醇增加，磷脂减少，泡胆固醇／磷脂比增高，认为成核效应蛋白促泡凝聚与融合的本质是改变了泡胆固醇饱和度。作者的初步研究还发现泡相蛋白虽量微却具有强的促成核活性；几种已知的成核效应蛋白在泡相与微胶粒相的分布有差异；胆固醇结石患者与色素结石患者相比，泡蛋白的量与促成核活性均增高。通过泡蛋白亲和染色技术，还发现ＣｏｎＡ结合蛋白能与模拟胆汁泡形成脂质－蛋白复合体。作者认为，泡中成核效应蛋白的存在或量与质的改变，在泡凝聚与融合过程中起重要作用。