Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Obese and Nonobese Patients

Background: From November 1997 to November 1998, 145 cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) have been attempted at the District General Hospital of Corfu. Methods: 23 (15.8%) were obese (Group I, BMI >30) and 122 (84.2%) were nonobese patients (Group II, BMI ≤30). One-fifth of these patients suffered from acute cholecystitis. Results: Operative time averaged 95 minutes in Group 1 and 78 minutes in Group II. There were no deaths. There were no significant differences between the obese and nonobese groups in conversion to open procedure (Group1: 0%, Group II: 2.4%), intraoperative and postoperative complications (Group I: 4.3%, Group II: 4.0%), operating time, and length of postoperative hospitalization. Conclusion: LC was a safe and effective treatment for obese patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis.     

大柴胡汤加减治疗内科杂证

大柴胡汤加减治疗胆囊炎、胆石症、急性胰腺炎、便秘、肺炎、偏头痛等内科杂证。     

胃切除术后急性胆囊炎的微创治疗

目的：探讨胃切除后急性胆囊炎的微创治疗的方法和效果。方法：回顾性分析28例胃切除术后近期（<4周）并发急性胆囊炎患者的临床资料。全组均明确诊断后先行常规非手术治疗，经24h治疗后症状体征无缓解的病例加行B超引导下经皮经肝胆囊穿刺置管引流术(PTGD)。结果：5例经非手术治疗缓解;23例加行PTGH，穿刺置管成功率100%。置管抽吸胆汁后症状体征即明显减轻，3~7d后症状体征完全消失。结论：超声引导下经皮经肝胆囊穿刺置管引流术治疗胃切除术后近期并发急性胆囊炎效果确切，创伤小，患者恢复快，具有明显的优越性。     

超声联合透视引导经皮穿刺引流治疗急性胆囊炎

目的：评估经皮穿刺引流治疗急性胆囊炎患者的安全性及有效性.方法：回顾性分析2009-2013年我院118例有急诊胆囊切除禁忌的急性胆囊炎患者在超声联合透视引导下行胆囊穿刺引流术（Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage,PTGD）.其中急性结石性胆囊炎患者66例,急性非结石性胆囊炎患者52例,通过对比术前、术后实验室、影像学检查及临床症状的改善评价疗效.结果：118例患者中116例为一次性置管成功,有2例患者为二次置管成功.66例急性结石性胆囊炎患者中,45例炎症痊愈,择期行胆囊切除术,12例不能耐受手术患者无症状长期置管,脱管4例,死亡5例.52例非结石性胆囊炎患者中,44例于引流后3～4周透视下行胆道造影示无梗阻后拔管康复,脱管5例,长期带管2例,死亡1例.结论：超声联合透视引导PTGD治疗急性胆囊炎是一种简单、安全而有效的治疗方法,且非结石性胆囊炎患者采用穿刺引流后的预后效果较结石性胆囊炎患者的预后更为显著.     

Candidal liver abscesses and cholecystitis in a 37-year-old patient without underlying malignancy

We report a case of candidal liver abscesses and concomitant candidal cholecystitis in a diabetic patient, in whom differences were noted relative to those found in patients with hematologic malignancies. In our case, the proposed entry route of infection is ascending retrograde from the biliary tract. Bile and aspirated pus culture repeatedly tested positive, and blood negative, for Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. Cholecystitis was cured by percutaneous gallbladder drainage and amphotericin B therapy. The liver abscesses were successfully treated by a cumulative dosage of 750 mg amphotericin B, We conclude that in cases involving less immunocompromised patients and those without candidemia, a lower dosage of amphotericin B may be adequate in treating candidal liver abscesses.     

内镜超声引导下胆囊穿刺引流术治疗高危急性胆囊炎的初步研究

目的 评价内镜超声引导下胆囊穿刺引流术（EUS-GBD）治疗高危急性胆囊炎的临床疗效和安全性。方法 以2015年4月至2016年12月在杭州市第一人民医院行EUS-GBD的高危急性胆囊炎患者为研究对象,回顾性收集患者的临床资料,分析治疗效果及并发症情况。结果 研究共纳入5例患者,均成功置入支架引流,平均操作时间（26.0±3.1）min。4例患者置入双猪尾型塑料支架;1例患者Ⅰ期植入鼻胆引流管,5 d后在内镜下剪断引流管作内引流。5例患者术后胆囊炎症状明显改善,无明显并发症发生,无一例死亡。术后随访46~692 d,所有患者未出现胆囊炎复发和支架移位。结论 在有经验的内镜中心,对于无手术条件的高危急性胆囊炎患者行EUS-GBD是一种安全、有效的微创治疗方法。     

一例反复肠瘘并发急性非结石性胆囊炎患者的护理

肠瘘(Fistulaofintestine)指肠管之间、肠管与其他脏器或者体外出现病理性通道 ,造成肠内容物流出肠腔 ,引起感染、体液丢失、营养不良和器官功能障碍等一系列病理生理的改变[1 ] .急性"无石性"胆囊炎又名急性非结石性胆囊炎 ,顾名思义 ,其胆囊内并无结石存在 ,发生率约占胆囊炎的5% ~ 10% .     

急性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术时机的选择及中转开腹的影响因素分析

目的 探讨急性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术时机的选择及中转开腹的影响因素.方法 160例行腹腔镜手术的急性胆囊炎患者,按出现症状距手术时间分为四组:24 h以内手术为A组(56例)、24～48 h手术为B组(42例)、49 ～ 72 h手术为C组(40例)、72 h以后手术为D组(22例),比较各组手术时间、中转开腹、住院时间及住院费用等,并分析影响腹腔镜手术中转开腹的相关因素.结果 D组中转开腹率[ 59.09％( 13/22)]明显高于A组[19.64％( 11/56)](P＜0.01).A组手术时间最短,D组手术时间最长.D组住院时间明显长于其他各组(P＜0.05).各组住院费用比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).单因素分析结果显示,白细胞计数、体温、手术时机、胆囊颈部结石嵌顿是影响中转开腹的危险因素(P＜0.05).多因素回归分析结果显示,白细胞计数和手术时机是中转开腹的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 急性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术中转开腹与白细胞计数、体温、手术时机、胆囊颈部结石嵌顿等因素有关,白细胞计数和手术时机是其独立危险因素.腹腔镜手术的最佳时机为发病后72h内,并且白细胞计数＜15×1099/L.     

Deficiencies of Circulating Mucosal-associated Invariant T Cells and Natural Killer T Cells in Patients with Acute Cholecystitis

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells are known to play crucial roles in a variety of diseases, including autoimmunity, infectious diseases, and cancers. However, little is known about the roles of these invariant T cells in acute cholecystitis. The purposes of this study were to examine the levels of MAIT cells and NKT cells in patients with acute cholecystitis and to investigate potential relationships between clinical parameters and these cell levels. Thirty patients with pathologically proven acute cholecystitis and 47 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Disease grades were classified according to the revised Tokyo guidelines (TG13) for the severity assessment for acute cholecystitis. Levels of MAIT and NKT cells in peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometry. Circulating MAIT and NKT cell numbers were significantly lower in acute cholecystitis patients than in healthy controls, and these deficiencies in MAIT cells and NKT cell numbers were associated with aging in acute cholecystitis patients. Notably, a reduction in NKT cell numbers was found to be associated with severe TG13 grade, death, and high blood urea nitrogen levels. The study shows numerical deficiencies of circulating MAIT and NKT cells and age-related decline of these invariant T cells. In addition, NKT cell deficiency was associated with acute cholecystitis severity and outcome. These findings provide an information regarding the monitoring of these changes in circulating MAIT and NKT cell numbers during the course of acute cholecystitis and predicting prognosis.     

Acute surgical unit safely reduces unnecessary after-hours cholecystectomy

Introduction

The acute surgical model has been trialled in several institutions with mixed results. The aim of this study was to determine whether the acute surgical model provides better outcomes for patients with acute biliary presentation, compared with the traditional emergency surgery model of care.

Methods

A retrospective review was carried out of patients who were admitted for management of acute biliary presentation, before and after the establishment of an acute surgical unit (ASU). Outcomes measured were time to operation, operating time, after-hours operation (6pm – 8am), length of stay and surgical complications.

Results

A total of 342 patients presented with acute biliary symptoms and were managed operatively. The median time to operation was significantly reduced in the ASU group (32.4 vs 25.4 hours, p=0.047), as were the proportion of operations performed after hours (19.5% vs 2.5%, p<0.001) and the median length of stay (4 vs 3 days, p<0.001). The median operating time, rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy and wound infection rates remained similar.

Conclusions

Implementation of an ASU can lead to objective differences in outcomes for patients who present with acute cholecystitis. In our study, the ASU significantly reduced time to operation, the number of operations performed after hours and length of stay.