化疗药物性静脉炎及渗漏损伤的动物实验模型研究概况

化疗药物性静脉炎及渗漏损伤的动物实验模型是研究体内化疗药物性静脉炎及渗漏损伤的发病机制和评价各种治疗方法的重要条件。化疗药物性静脉炎及渗漏损伤的实验研究进展缓慢,其主要原因是缺乏理想的动物模型。依文献报道,化疗药物性静脉炎模型主要以大白兔耳缘静脉注射长春瑞滨等化疗药物为多见,化疗药物渗漏损伤模型主要以大鼠及大白兔背部皮下注射盐酸阿霉素等化疗药物为多见。文章就近年来常用的一些化疗药物性静脉炎及渗漏损伤的动物模型综述如下。     

Failure of intravenous infusions in neonates

The median life expectancy (survival) of 286 peripheral intravenous infusion sites in 105 babies in a children's intensive care unit was 36 h. Unadjusted univariate survival analysis revealed that dextrose infusions and the initial infusions received by a baby had longer survival than total parenteral nutrition (TPN) infusions and later infusions respectively. Also infusions with cloxacillin and penicillin survived for longer than average while infusions with phenytoin had reduced survival. Gestational age, weight, infusion site, other drugs, co-infusion of Intralipid with TPN solutions and neutralization of TPN did not influence survival of infusions. Multivariate survival analysis confirmed the findings for TPN and penicillin but not for cloxacillin, phenytoin or later infusions. Multivariate analysis also suggested that survival was improved with ampicillin and aminophylline and worse for leg sites, for older babies and for infusions in which the fluids were given at greater rates. It also indicated that neutralization of TPN improved survival.     

肝素钠软膏对多巴胺诱发兔静脉及其周围组织损伤治疗的实验研究

目的：笔者观察了肝素钠软膏、５０％硫酸镁、透明质酸酶对多巴胺诱发兔静脉及其周围组织损伤的治疗作用。方法：兔耳静脉连续注身大剂量的多巴胺和静脉周围组织注射多巴胺诱发静脉炎。结果：５０％硫酸镁加肝素钠软膏对多巴胺诱发的静脉炎治疗效果最好,其次为肝素钠软膏和５０％硫酸镁,透明质酸酶无治疗作用。     

Superficial Venous-Associated Inflammation from Direct IV Administration of RRx-001 in Rats

RRx-001 is a small molecule NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor with anti-CD47 and antiangiogenic/vascular normalization properties in a Phase 3 clinical trial that has been designated as a drug-device combination by the FDA. In the Phase 1 first-in-man dose escalation clinical trial, where RRx-001 was given by direct intravenous (IV) infusion, the main adverse event was a sterile painful infusion phlebitis (IP). Less pain was experienced when RRx-001 was infused at a slower rate over multiple hours which was impractical on an outpatient basis. In Phase 2, for reasons of convenience and safety, RRx-001 was co-administered with an aliquot of autologous blood from an ex-vivo device called the eLOOP on the premise that RRx-001 binds to hemoglobin on red blood cells (RBCs), making it unavailable to directly interact with venous nociceptors. Phlebitis has the potential to progress to deep venous thrombosis or septic thrombophlebitis or post-thrombotic syndrome in hypercoagulable and immunosuppressed cancer patients. In this 13-week toxicology study of once weekly IV RRx-001 administration to Wistar Han rats followed by a recovery period of 28 days. The main observed toxicity was a significant inflammatory response in the vein wall, consistent with superficial venous thrombosis observed in man. Due to this development, direct IV infusion of RRx-001 is relatively contraindicated in favor of co-administration with autologous blood.     

喜辽妥加用复方聚维酮碘搽剂配合微波热疗化疗后静脉炎疗效观察

目的：观察喜辽妥加用复方聚维酮碘搽剂配合微波热疗治疗化疗后静脉炎的疗效.方法：将100例行上臂外周静脉化疗后出现静脉炎的患者,随机分为观察组与对照组各50例.对照组用喜辽妥霜涂擦于穿刺点近心端沿血管走行皮肤.观察组先用复方聚维酮碘搽剂湿敷穿刺点上1.0cm处沿血管走向,后再用喜辽妥霜外涂于避开穿刺点近心端沿血管走行皮肤.每周三次微波热疗局部.两组疗效进行比较.结果：观察组疗效明显优于对照组,两组总有效率比较,X2=4.43,p〈0.05.观察组药物起效时间比对照组明显缩短,X2=24.50,p〈0.005.结论：用喜辽妥加用复方聚维酮碘搽剂配合微波热疗可以更有效的治疗化疗后静脉炎,减轻病人痛苦.     

王国三治疗脱疽（血栓闭塞性静脉炎）用药特点

介绍国医大师王国三治疗脱疽热毒血瘀型用药特点。依据脱疽的病因病机,从其整体辨证论治,通过用药及药量的加减变化达到治疗目的。     

A longitudinal examination of associations between age and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients with gynecologic cancer

Objective

Increasing age has been associated with higher risk of chemotherapy-related toxicities, often resulting in treatment disruptions or discontinuations. Age has also been evaluated as a potential risk factor for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), but current understanding of recovery from CIPN in older adults after treatment is limited. The goal of the current study was to: 1) evaluate longitudinal change in patient-reported CIPN symptoms from the start of chemotherapy to one year post-chemotherapy; and 2) examine treatment modifications in older (≥65?years) and younger patients (<65?years).

中频脉冲电疗法治疗经外周静脉置入中心静脉置管致静脉炎的疗效观察

目的：探讨中频脉冲电疗法治疗经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管（peripherally inserted central catheter,PICC）所致静脉炎的效果。方法：将90例PICC致静脉炎的患者采用随机数字表法分为3组,每组30例, A组给予中频脉冲电疗法,B组给予康惠尔透明贴疗法,C组给予湿热敷疗法,观察患者在治疗第3天、5天、7天后疼痛与肿胀缓解情况、治愈率情况。结果：3组疗法治疗第3天、5天、7天后疼痛缓解程度比较;治疗5天、7天后肿胀缓解程度比较;治疗7天后治愈率比较均示A组治疗明显优于B、C组治疗（P均〈0.05,P〈0.01）。结论：中频脉冲电疗法治疗PICC致静脉炎能尽早地减轻患者局部疼痛、肿胀,治愈率明显优于康惠尔透明贴法与湿热敷法,值得临床开展与推广。     

磁共振扫描发生对比剂渗漏致静脉炎的护理

目的探讨磁共振扫描发生对比剂渗漏致静脉炎护理措施及效果。方法选取以往50例磁共振扫描发生对比剂渗漏致静脉炎患者回顾性分析。随机将25例行常规护理的静脉炎患者分为对照组,另25例静脉炎患者采用有效护理措施分为试验组。观察对比两组患者护理满意度、护理效果。结果试验组患者护理总满意率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（23% vs 19%, P<0.05）;试验组患者护理总有效率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（25% vs 22%,P<0.05）。结论有效的护理措施对磁共振扫描发生对比剂渗漏致静脉炎患者作用突出,能改善患者病情,提高治疗效果,提高护理满意度,可推广使用。     

The efficacy and safety of palonosetron compared with granisetron in preventing highly emetogenic chemotherapy-induced vomiting in the Chinese cancer patients: a phase II, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel, comparative clinical trial

PURPOSE: This clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Palonosetron in preventing chemotherapy-induced vomiting (CIV) among the Chinese cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred and forty patients were scheduled to be enrolled and randomized to receive a single intravenous dose of palonosetron 0.25 mg, or granisetron 3 mg, 30 min before receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy. The primary efficacy endpoint was the complete response (CR) rate for acute CIV (during the 0-24-h interval after chemotherapy). Secondary endpoints included the CR rates for delayed CIV (more than 24 h after chemotherapy). RESULTS: Two hundred and eight patients were accrued and received study medication. CR rates for acute CIV were 82.69% for palonosetron and 72.12% for granisetron, which demonstrated that palonosetron was not inferior to granisetron in preventing acute CIV. Comparisons of CR rates for delayed CIV yielded no statistical difference between palonosetron and granisetron groups and did not reveal non-inferiority of palonosetron to granisetron. Adverse events were mostly mild to moderate, with quite low rates among the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: A single dose (0.25 mg) of palonosetron is not inferior to a single dose (3 mg) of granisetron in preventing CIV and possesses an acceptable safety profile in the Chinese population.