Concurrent infections with vector-borne pathogens associated with fatal anaemia in cattle: haematology and blood chemistry

An outbreak of a fatal haemolytic anaemia in a dairy herd of cattle in Switzerland was shown to be associated with infections with five vector-borne pathogens, namely Anaplasma marginale, A. phagocytophilum, Babesia bigemina, a Theileria spp belonging to the buffeli/sergenti/orientalis complex and haemotrophic Mycoplasma spp. The latter three had not been documented before this outbreak in Switzerland. To characterise the haematological and blood chemical changes in these unique cows, packed cell volume was determined in all 286 blood samples, blood smears, and complete haematology were performed from 285 and 173 blood samples, respectively, and biochemical parameters were assayed in 105 serum samples. Regenerative anaemia was the key sign of illness. Red blood cells of anaemic cattle were hypochromic and macrocytic. Anaemic animals had reduced platelet cell counts and increased total white cell counts. In addition, increased serum bilirubin, blood aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, glutamic dehydrogenase and blood urea nitrogen and decreased magnesium, calcium and albumin levels were found in anaemic cattle when compared to animals with normal packed cell volume. Most changes could not be attributed to a single infection. A. marginale seemed to be important in causing the outbreak, but co-infections may have aggravated the disease development and clinical signs. Thus, when encountering cattle with haemolytic anaemia, all of the mentioned pathogens should be included as differential diagnosis.     

酪氨酸蛋白激酶抑制剂RG50864对血小板衍生生长因子诱导的肺动脉平滑肌细胞增生的影响

目的研究酪氨酸蛋白激酶抑制剂RG50864对血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)诱导的肺动脉平滑肌细胞增生的影响。方法用原代培养的小牛肺动脉平滑肌细胞,采用细胞计数法,噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法及Giemsa染色法对PDGF诱导的肺动脉平滑肌细胞增生等情况进行分析。结果与对照组相比,RG50864处理组能在24、48、72h显著地抑制PDGF诱导的肺动脉平滑肌细胞增生,且呈剂量依赖性。结论RG50864可显著地抑制PDGF诱导的肺动脉平滑肌细胞增生。     

不同来源肝素的理化性质和生物活性

参照盐解和酶解工艺,以牛、羊肠粘膜和肺为原料,制得四种肝素,与商品猪肠粘膜肝素一并进行了理化分析和生物活性研究。结果表明羊肠粘膜肝素与猪肠粘膜肝素和牛肠粘膜肝素抗凝血活性高;牛、羊肺肝素降胆固醇作用较强,羊肺肝素抗炎作用较强。     

Assessment of telomere length during post-natal period in offspring produced by a bull and its fibroblast derived clone

ObjectiveTo investigate the telomere length in bovine offspring produced by a cloned and control bull, and the telomerase activity in embryos produced with the same technology.MethodsFive daughters of a control and five daughters of a bull cloned using a fibroblast of the control were produced by IVF using sperm of the two bulls. Blood samples of the offspring were collected at 2, 6, and 12 months of age and the relative telomere length (RTL) was assessed by flow cytometry. At same time the body growth, hematological profile, and clinical biochemistry of the same progeny was extensively surveyed, and results have been reported in a previous work. Thereafter, the telomerase activity was assessed using a real time PCR quantitative assay in groups of embryos produced with the same technology.ResultsThe offspring of the clone exhibited a modest, but significant (P<0.05), shortening of the telomeres (21.36%, 20.56% and 20.56%) compared to that of the control (23.78%, 23.53% and 22.43%) as mean values determined at 2, 6 and 12 months, respectively. Shortening of telomeres in respect to the age was not significant. No statistical difference was reported between telomerase activity assessed in 144 cloned (3.4⁻⁰³ ± 2.4⁻⁰³ amoles/μL) and 80 control (2.1⁻⁰³ ± 1.8⁻⁰³ amoles/μL) embryos.ConclusionsThe results have revealed a moderate shortening of telomeres in the offspring of the clone with respect to control. However, this study did not evidence differences in the two progenies that suggest welfare problems during the first year of life.     

舒血宁联合脑苷肌肽治疗血管性痴呆的疗效研究

目的 观察舒血宁联合脑苷肌肽治疗血管性痴呆患者的疗效及对精神行为症状的改善情况.方法 将58例血管性痴呆患者随机分为舒血宁联合脑苷肌肤治疗的观察组和单纯脑苷肌肤治疗的对照组,治疗结束后观察两组患者的临床疗效、简易智能量表(MMSE)、日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)评分以及安全性评价.结果 治疗后,观察组有效率为89.66％,优于对照组的72.41％,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗后两组患者的MMSE、ADL评分均较治疗前明显增加,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而组间比较,观察组的MMSE、ADL评分均较对照组明显增加,差异亦有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且均未出现不良反应.结论 舒血宁联合脑苷肌肽治疗血管性痴呆患者,不仅疗效较佳,安全性高,而且可有效改善患者的精神行为症状.     

A slaughterhouse study on prevalence of some helminths of cattle in Lorestan provience,west Iran

ObjectiveTo investigate and provide data on the prevalence, epidemiological pattern zoonotic impact of helminth parasites in cattle slaughtered at abattoir in Khorramabad, Lorestan province, southwestern Iran from April 2010 to April 2013.MethodsA total of 150869 livers of cattle were examined. The total prevalence rate of distomatosis and hydaditidosis in different seasons were calculated.ResutlsThe overall prevalence rate of infection was 23.3%. The prevalence rate of hydatid cyst (9.4%) infection was significantly higher than the prevalence of fasciolosis (7.6%) and dicrocoeliosis (6.3%) (P<0.001). Data showed significant seasonal pattern for three parasitic infections (P<0.001). The highest prevalence rate of Fasciola spp. and D. dendriticum infection were seen in spring, while the highest rate of hydatidosis was seen in winter. The highest and lowest of overall infection were recorded during winter 2012 and autumn 2011, respectively.ConclusionsAccording to this study, it can be concluded that Khorramabad as an endemic region for distomatosis and hydatidosis infection. More surveys are suggested to be carried out to collect more data about the internal organs infection prevalence and risk factors for developing a prediction model in ruminants in southwestern Iran.     

Fasciola hepatica IN BOVINES IN BRAZIL: DATA AVAILABILITY AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION

Fasciolosis is a disease of importance for both veterinary and public health. For the first time, georeferenced prevalence data of Fasciola hepatica in bovines were collected and mapped for the Brazilian territory and data availability was discussed. Bovine fasciolosis in Brazil is monitored on a Federal, State and Municipal level, and to improve monitoring it is essential to combine the data collected on these three levels into one dataset. Data were collected for 1032 municipalities where livers were condemned by the Federal Inspection Service (MAPA/SIF) because of the presence of F. hepatica. The information was distributed over 11 states: Espírito Santo, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and São Paulo. The highest prevalence of fasciolosis was observed in the southern states, with disease clusters along the coast of Paraná and Santa Catarina and in Rio Grande do Sul. Also, temporal variation of the prevalence was observed. The observed prevalence and the kriged prevalence maps presented in this paper can assist both animal and human health workers in estimating the risk of infection in their state or municipality.     

脑血康胶囊联合脑苷肌肽注射液治疗高血压脑出血的疗效观察

目的观察脑血康胶囊联合脑苷肌肽注射液治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效。方法选取2015年7月—2016年6月在澄迈县人民医院就诊的高血压脑出血患者86例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各43例。对照组于术后第1天静脉滴注脑苷肌肽注射液,10 m L稀释于生理盐水250 m L中,1次/d。治疗组在对照组的基础上口服脑血康胶囊,1粒/次,3次/d。两组患者均治疗28 d。评价两组临床疗效,同时比较两组患者治疗前后神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)和生活质量评分(ADL)评分。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为72.09%、90.70%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者NIHSS评分显著降低,ADL评分显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组患者NIHSS和ADL评分显著优于对照组患者,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论脑血康胶囊联合脑苷肌肽注射液治疗高血压脑出血临床疗效确切,神经功能及生活能力改善明显,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

A critical review of fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry and horses

FORKMAN, B., A., BOISSY, M.-C., SALAÜN, E., CANALI, AND R.B., JONES. A critical review of fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry and horses. PHYSIOL. BEHAV. 000-000, 2007.Fear is arguably the most commonly investigated emotion in domestic animals. In the current review we attempt to establish the level of repeatability and validity found for fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep and goats, poultry and horses. We focus the review on the three most common types of fear tests: the arena test (open field), the novel object test, and the restraint test. For some tests, e.g. tonic immobility in poultry, there is a good and broad literature on factors that affect the outcome of the test, the validity of the test and its age dependency. However, there are comparatively few of these well defined and validated tests and what is especially missing for most tests is information on the robustness, i.e., what aspects can be changed without affecting the validity of the tests. The relative absence of standardized tests hampers the development of applied ethology as a science.