傣药芽拉勐龙（Cassia alata L．）的最佳采收时间探讨

傣药芽拉勐龙（Cassia alata L．）是傣医药史籍中有记载且傣医临床中最常用的药材之一，它在泰国应用同样广泛多见，是已开发应用得较为成熟的药用植物，相关研究也较多。在西双版纳，民间傣医常在夏秋季节采收芽拉勐龙，认为这期间的芽拉勐龙叶才有更好的疗效，但尚未发现相关的理论依据支持这种说法，因此笔者在2008年7月到11月间，采集每个月份的芽拉勐龙叶进行其乙醇提取物的含量测定，以找到它的最佳采集使用期。通过其采收季节中有效成分含量的比较结果显示，有效成分最高的时间是11月份，故在采收芽拉勐龙时，应掌握时机，在11月份采收为佳。     

A rubrofusarin gentiobioside isomer from roastedCassia tora

From the roasted seeds ofCassia tora L., a new naphthopyrone glycoside was isolated and characterized as 10-[(β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxyl-5-hydroxy-8-methoxy-2-methyl-4H-naphtho [1,2-b]pyran-4-one(isorubrofusarin gentiobioside). Along with isorubrofusarin gentiobioside, alaternin and adenosine were isolated and identified.     

番泻叶浸剂灌肠在腹部手术后应用的临床与实验研究

目的：探讨番泻叶侵剂治疗腹部手术后胃肠道功能紊乱的疗效及其机理。方法：患者腹部手术后灌肠给番泻叶侵剂，观察术后腹部功能恢复情况，并进行了动物实验。结果：经治疗１３０例患者腹部手术后在加快肠鸣音出现和恢复，缩短排气、排便时间，减少切口感染等方面疗效显著。动物实验结果表明：该药对大鼠在体肠管运动有明显的增强作用（Ｐ〈０．０１）；有显著的增强离体大鼠回肠蠕动和增大收缩振幅的作用（Ｐ〈０．０５）；对在体小     

张锡纯临证应用桂枝特色浅析

张锡纯,字寿甫,河北盐山县人,清代名医,所著《医学衷中参西录》集其多年临床实践经验之大成,融汇中西为一体,辨证严谨,选药立方别具一格而疗效卓著,对药性论述尤能独辟新义,发前人之所未发,启迪后学,一直为后人称道。本文就其对桂枝的论述及应用特色,举例浅析如下,以冀能抛砖引     

决明子对实验性大鼠糖尿病肾病疗效观察

目的观察决明子对实验性大鼠糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)治疗作用,并探讨其可能机制。方法32只雄性SD大鼠随机分成4组,即正常对照组、模型组、低、高剂量决明子治疗组,每组8只。模型组及治疗组采用STZ 60mg/kg体重一次性腹腔注射,正常对照组注射等量枸椽酸缓冲液。治疗组予决明子按低剂量10 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)与高剂量50g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)水煎灌胃,对照组及模型组喂予等量饮用水。各组疗程均为8周。分别采用酶联免疫吸附(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,EUSA)法测定各组大鼠外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cells,PBMC)中核因子-κB(nuclear factor kappa B,NF-κB)活性；免疫组化检测各组肾组织NF-κB、纤粘蛋白(fibronectin,FN)的表达；光镜观察肾组织形态。结果与模型组比较,决明子明显抑制NF-κB活化和FN表达,减少24h尿蛋白排泄,降低血脂及肌酐水平,减轻肾小球肥大、系膜细胞增生和细胞外基质堆积。结论决明子对DN具有明显...     

Bioactivity of cinnamon with special emphasis on diabetes mellitus: A review

Cinnamon is the oldest spice and has been used by several cultural practices for centuries. In addition to its culinary uses, cinnamon possesses a rising popularity due to many stated health benefits. Out of the large number of cinnamon species available, Cinnamomum aromaticum (Cassia) and Cinnamomum zeylanicum have been subjected to extensive research. Available in vitro and in vivo evidence indicates that cinnamon may have multiple health benefits, mainly in relation to hypoglycaemic activity. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of cinnamon is stated also to be brought about by its anti-microbial, anti-fungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-tumour, blood pressure-lowering, cholesterol and lipid-lowering and gastro-protective properties. This article provides a summary of the scientific literature available on both C. aromaticum and C. zeylanicum. All studies reported here have used cinnamon bark and its products. Although almost all the animal models have indicated a pronounced anti-diabetic activity of both cinnamon species, conflicting results were observed with regard to the few clinical trials available. Therefore, the necessity of evaluating the effects of cinnamon for its therapeutic potential through well-defined and adequately powered randomized controlled clinical trials is emphasized, before recommendations are made for the use of cinnamon as an effective treatment for humans.     

Studies on physicochemical and nutritional properties of aerial parts of Cassia occidentalis L.

In the present, work chemical composition and nutritional value of aerial parts of Cassia occidentalis L. was studied. The aerial parts of C. occidentalis possess favorable physicochemical properties with good nutritional value, such as high energy value, crude fibers, and vitamin levels. The X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometry data revealed that the sample is rich in minerals, especially in Fe, Ca, K, and Mn. Further, minerals such as Mg, Zn, Cu, Na, P, and S are present in good amount and depicted the nutritional value of the selected material. The plant sample is rich in phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, lignin, tannins, and phenols. The presence of phytochemical constituents was confirmed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry profile and high-performance thin layer chromatography fingerprinting techniques. The findings stimulate the on-farm cultivation of C. occidentalis on a large scale to relieve the iron deficiency in local community, and it can be used as a dietary supplement to treat anemia.     

Laxative Activities of Cassia Sieberiana and Senna Obtusifolia

Background

The root and stem bark of Cassia sieberiana DC. (Caesalpiniaceae) and the root of Senna obtusifolia (Linn) Irwin and Barneby (Caesalpiniaceae), used for constipation in Nigeria, were assayed for laxative properties in male albino rats using the official senna leaf (Senna alexandrina Mill. family Caesalpiniaceae) as the reference standard. This is with a view to finding alternative laxative drug to official senna which is presently being imported into Nigeria from the United Kingdom.

Materials and Methods

The mean percentage of wet faeces in rats, an indication of laxative activity, were obtained using established methods. The laxative activity was established at 500 mg/kg after the infusion of the drug was orally administered on male albino rats following established methods while a set of data was analyzed at 95 % confidence level.

Results

At 500 mg/kg, Senna obtusifolia root gave about 45 % wet faeces while Cassia sieberiana root gave about 40 % wet faeces while at the highest dose of 700 mg/kg, they produced 60 % and 38 % wet faeces, respectively. At these two doses, the official Senna gave 50.6 % and 66 % wet faeces, respectively. Thus, S. obtusifolia and C. sieberiana roots exhibited 89 % and 80 % of the potency of S. alexandrina (the official drug), respectively. The analysis of variance revealed a significant statistical difference in the levels of wet faeces produced by rats dosed with C. sieberiana root.

Conclusion

The results have shown that the roots of the two species could be developed as mild laxative drugs for children and pregnant women for whom the official senna will be contraindicated.     

利用稻瘟霉模型筛选铁刀木生物活性成分

目的利用稻瘟霉生物活性筛选模型,筛选铁刀木中具有生物活性的化学成分。方法通过观察样品引起稻瘟霉分生孢子或菌丝形态生长异常或生长抑制的情况,确定铁刀木中具有生物活性的部位以及化学成分。结果确定了铁刀木树干乙醇粗提物的生物活性部位为二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯部位,其使稻瘟霉孢子菌丝体最小变形浓度(MMDC)分别为125、63μg·ml-1;筛选得到2个具有生物活性的化合物(CS2、CS7),其MMDC分别为63、31μg·ml-1。结论本模型首次用于铁刀木活性成分的追踪分离,应用本方法筛选天然药物活性成分,方便、快捷、成本低,显示了广阔的应用前景。     

对叶豆黄酮类化学成分研究

目的:分离鉴定对叶豆Cassia alata中的化学成分,为其药效物质研究奠定基础.方法:采用溶剂萃取、正相硅胶色谱、凝胶色谱等方法进行分离;应用1DNMR,IR,UV,MS等谱学方法进行结构鉴定.结果:分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为金圣草素(1),山柰酚(2),槲皮素(3),5,7,4'-三羟基二氢黄酮(4),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5),山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖-(6→1)-O-葡萄糖苷(6),17-羟基三十四烷(7),正三十二烷醇(8),正三十醇(9),棕榈酸二十六酯(10),硬脂酸(11),棕榈酸(12).结论:除化合物1,2外,其余10个化合物均是首次从对叶豆中分离得到.