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1.
Family-centered care (FCC) for sick newborns is emerging as a paradigmatic shift in the practice of facility-based newborn care. It seeks to transforming a provider-centered model into a client-centered one and thus build a new therapeutic alliance. FCC is the cornerstone of continuum of care, imparting caregiving competencies to parents/caregivers both within institutions as well as after the discharge. This has potential gains for the newborn, family members, and facility-level staff. The initial model piloted in tertiary-care settings is now undergoing translation at five sites across the country; the outcomes are keenly awaited. 相似文献
2.
Yasmine Yousef Etienne St-Louis Robert Baird Emily R. Smith Elena Guadagno Dickens St-Vil Dan Poenaru 《Journal of pediatric surgery》2019,54(4):831-837
Background
The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery highlighted global surgical need but offered little insight into the specific surgical challenges of children in low-resource settings. Efforts to strengthen the quality of global pediatric surgical care have resulted in a proliferation of partnerships between low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). Standardized tools able to reliably measure gaps in delivery and quality of care are important aids for these partnerships. We undertook a systematic review (SR) of capacity assessment tools (CATs) focused on needs assessment in pediatric surgery.Methods
A comprehensive search strategy of multiple electronic databases was conducted per PRISMA guidelines without linguistic or temporal restrictions. CATs were selected according to pre-defined inclusion criteria. Articles were assessed by two independent reviewers. Methodological quality of studies was appraised using the COSMIN checklist with 4-point scale.Results
The search strategy generated 16,641 original publications, of which three CATs were deemed eligible. Eligible tools were either excessively detailed or oversimplified. None used weighted scores to identify finer granularity between institutions. No CATs comprehensively included measures of resources, outcomes, accessibility/impact and training.Discussion
The results of this study identify the need for a CAT capable of objectively measuring key aspects of surgical capacity and performance in a weighted tool designed for pediatric surgical centers in LMICs.Type of Study
Systematic Review.Level of Evidence
II. 相似文献3.
低胆红素血症对机体抗氧化能力和脂质过氧化的影响及VitE的干预效果 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
目的 :探讨低胆红素血症对机体抗氧化能力和脂质过氧化的不良影响并观察VitE的干预效果。方法 :从体检健康人群中有意选择 4 5例胆红素水平偏高者 (≥ 15 μmol/L)和 4 0例胆红素水平偏低者 (≤ 9μmol/L)作为研究对象 ,抽空腹静脉血检测血清总抗氧化能力 (T -AOC) ,丙二醛 (MDA)及血浆氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白(Ox -LDL) ,并给低胆红素组每人每天口服VitE 10 0mg ,连续 2周 ,复测上述指标。结果 :与高胆红素组比 ,低胆红素组T -AOC明显降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,而MDA和Ox -LDL明显升高 (P <0 .0 5和P <0 .0 1) ,但低胆红素组补充VitE干预后 ,T -AOC显著升高 ,而MDA和Ox -LDL显著降低 (均P <0 .0 1) ,分别达到甚至超过了高胆红素组的相应水平。结论 :低胆红素血症可显著降低机体抗氧化能力 ,促进脂质过氧化 ,但这一不良影响可以通过补充VitE得到有效纠正。 相似文献
4.
This study describes a method for determining the number of radiographic rooms devoted to emergency radiology that would be
required to keep mean patient waiting time at a desired level.
A desired mean waiting time for patients must be determined. In our setting, a mean waiting time of 8 minutes resulted in
few complaints. The waiting time then sets the required utilization rate of available capacity. Daily and hourly volume and
variability in volume of examinations were measured over a 3-month period. This represents the demand. The needed number of
rooms is determined by comparing demand with effective available capacity for different numbers of rooms.
To maintain an 8-minute mean waiting time, 50% utilization of capacity is required. Mean demand on Sundays is 176 examinations.
Five rooms are required, since this gives a 180-examination effective capacity.
Using waiting time as the primary decision criterion for making capacity decisions in emergency radiology has several advantages:
the method is easy to use, volume variability is taken into account, and the focus is on service to patients. 相似文献
5.
On 46 healthy young men, of whom 18 took part in strenuous sport at least once a week, height, weight, total body fat (as % of body mass) and lean body mass (LBM) were determined. The subjects performed submaximal exercise on a bicycle ergometer and climbing on an upwardly inclined treadmill at work loads of 60, 110, and 140 watts. Oxygen consumption (
), respiratory quotient (RQ), energy expenditure (), and heart rate (f
H) were measured at rest and at each work load, and maximum oxygen intake (
max) and physical work capacity (PWC150, PWC170) were calculated.Anthropometric parameters did not differ significantly between sportsmen and sedentary subjects.
max, PWC150, and PWC170 had higher correlations with LBM than with the other anthropometric parameters.
max expressed in terms of LBM (ml/kg LBM/min) was the parameter which showed the clearest distinction between sportsmen and sedentary individuals. The sportsmen had higher
max on the treadmill test than on the bicycle ergometer. PWC150 and PWC170 were higher on the bicycle than on the treadmill and had high correlations with
max. Work efficiency was of the same order in both groups and showed negative correlation with the degree of obesity on the bicycle ergometer and positive correlation on the treadmill. 相似文献
6.
I. M. Libermann H. García Pierce M. Labat J. Seigal 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1971,330(1):51-60
Summary Dogs were water depleted 2% of their body weight by the intraperitoneal injection of a hyperosmotic solution of saline and glucose (550 mOsm/l). During a 3-h experiment these water-depleted (WD) animals showed a significant decrease in blood pH, base excess (BE) and plasma bicarbonate (Bicp) and an increase in both hematocrit (Ht) and blood buffer capacity (BBC). These changes were quantitatively time-dependent. The rate change of pH, BE, and Bicp were –0.072 units h–1, –4.7 mEq/l h–1, and 2.9 mEq/l h–1, respectively. As control dogs showed no significant time-dependent changes in their blood acid-base status, the observed modifications in the experimental dogs were ascribed to water depletion. Increased endogenous acid production related to tissue hypoxia is suggested to be the mechanism that could explain the increased fixed acid accumulation observed in the water-depleted animals. 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
目的 了解为女性性工作者(FSW)提供艾滋病防治服务的社会组织项目管理能力建设需求。方法 向2017-2018年参与国家艾滋病防治基金项目的社会组织负责人开展问卷调查及访谈,结合基金项目管理信息系统相关数据,利用Excel 2016软件和SPSS 25.0软件整理分析社会组织的分布与基金获得情况,以及社会组织对项目管理能力的需求。结果 2017-2018年参与执行基金FSW项目的社会组织共184个,完成问卷调查的社会组织156个,主要集中在西部地区(44.0%,81/184),以四川省、广西壮族自治区和云南省居多;东部地区获得的基金支持最多;社会组织对项目数据收集及分析利用的需求最高,占68.6%(107/156),其次是项目风险分析应对及质控,占64.1%(100/156);社会组织负责人学历对项目计划管理和项目财务管理能力建设需求的差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.78,P=0.016;χ2=8.99,P=0.003)。结论 当前我国FSW领域的社会组织数量和基金获得比例的分布,与异性性传播的艾滋病疫情分布不一致。仍需继续鼓励、引导扶持社会组织的发展资金;结合社会组织对能力建设的需求针对性的制定项目能力建设计划。 相似文献
10.
清瘟败毒胶囊的吸湿性研究及数据分析 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
目的:本实验研究清瘟败毒胶囊及其相应空胶囊的吸湿性,回归分析得到吸湿曲线方程,推测出清瘟败毒胶囊和空胶囊的临界相对湿度(CRH)。方法:测定清瘟败毒胶囊和空胶囊在四种不同相对湿度(RH)下的吸湿量,整理出清瘟败毒胶囊和空胶囊在不同RH下的吸湿曲线以及它们的CRH。结果与结论:清瘟败毒胶囊和空胶囊的CRH分别为66%和65%。 相似文献