顺铂聚乳酸微球的药物释放特性及肝动脉栓塞研究

对顺铂聚乳酸微球进行了体外药物释放和家犬肝动脉栓塞研究。该微球粒径范围为50～200μm,平均粒径为115.76±35.94μm,顺铂含量为37.16%(W/W);体外药物释放机制符合Higuchi方程;肝动脉栓塞后8h,肝组织顺铂浓度高达21.55±12.18μg/g,明显高于肝动脉灌注顺铂组:3.16±0.09μg/g(P<0.05);肝动脉栓塞组的顺铂血浓峰值、各取血点浓度及曲线下面积AUC皆低于肝动脉灌注顺铂组。可望达到提高栓塞部位的药物疗效,降低全身毒副反应的作用。     

Systemic chemotherapy using cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil for inoperable gallbladder cancer

We report a case of advanced gallbladder cancer in a 37-year-old man who presented in June 1993 with malignant obstructive jaundice. After percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and several diagnostic imaging examinations, the patient underwent laparotomy under a diagnosis of extremely advanced gallbladder cancer involving the confluence of the hepatic ducts. The tumor, however, was judged to be unresectable because of its massive spread into the liver along Glisson's sheath, and because of histologically proven peritoneal dissemination. After exploratory laparotomy, one course of anticancer chemotherapy (cisplatin, 100 mg/body IV, on day 1, and 5-fluorouracil, 1000 mg/body, on days 1–5, by continuous infusion) was administered and the completely obstructed hepatic duct was dramatically re-canalized. Four courses of chemotherapy were administered over a 16-month period until jaundice recurred. For these 16 months, the patient's quality of life was well maintained without biliary drainage. He died of increased peritoneal dissemination approximately 2 years after the first course of anticancer chemotherapy.     

HepG2 细胞谷胱甘肽含量和谷胱甘肽转移酶活力的诱导

目的：建立一种具有较高ＧＳＨ含量和ＧＳＴ活力的肝细胞系。方法：将ＨｅｐＧ２细胞在０．１,０．３,０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度的ＣＤＤＰ间歇作用下传代１２个月后得到三种稳定的ＣＤＤＰ耐药细胞系ＨｅｐＧ２／ＣＤＤＰ０．１,ＨｅｐＧ２／ＣＤＤＰ０．３,ＨｅｐＧ２／ＣＤＤＰ０．５细胞的ＧＳＨ含量和ＧＳＴ活力,结果用显著性ｔ检验方法作统计学处理。结果：诱导刺激后的子代ＨｅｐＧ２／ＣＤＤＰ０．１,ＨｅｐＧ２／ＣＤＤＰ０     

Auditory toxicity effects of long-term cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum II therapy in genitourinary cancer patients

To determine the auditory toxicity effects of long-term cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum II therapy, pure tone hearing thresholds were measured prior to therapy and repeated before each subsequent treatment. CDDP was given by a slow intravenous drip method at a low dose of 1 mg/kg body weight, with 37.5 gm mannitol, once a week for six treatments and every 3 weeks thereafter. From a group of 173 genitourinary cancer patients treated, 50 male patients were selected who received at least 12 months of CDDP with no active conductive ear pathology, and whose audiograms obtained at baseline, 6th weeks, 26th weeks, and 52nd weeks of treatment were all available for comparison. Pure tone threshold levels deteriorated across time particularly by the 52nd week and at the higher frequencies. Threshold differences across time were statistically significant and within a linear trend. Of the 50 cases, 30% showed suspect or no ototoxicity, 26% mild, 32% moderate, 2% marked, and 4% showed severe ototoxic changes. Of the two cases who developed severe ototoxicity, one showed complete recovery. There was partial recovery in 26% and no recovery in 54%. Individual variability in susceptibility to and recovery from ototoxicity necessitates systematic audiometric monitoring throughout the therapy.     

Double cancer (lung and colon cancer) that showed complete remission with irinotecan and cisplatin combined chemotherapy

We report a rare case of double (colon and lung) cancer which showed complete remission with chemotherapy with irinotecan (CPT-11) and cisplatin (CDDP). The patient was a 67-year-old man who was diagnosed as having double cancer (stage IIIb pulmonary adenocarcinoma and stage 0 [or 1] well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon). Two courses of chemotherapy (CPT-11, 60 mg/m², days 1 and 8; CDDP, 30 mg/m², days 1 and 8) were performed. The combination therapy of CPT-11 and CDDP was very effective. In Japan, there have been few published reports describing the use of CPT-11 for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer. We think that the use of CPT-11 in gastrointestinal cancer is promising. Received: August 18, 1999 / Accepted: March 24, 2000     

Thymoquinone (2-Isopropyl-5-methyl-1, 4-benzoquinone) as a chemopreventive/anticancer agent: Chemistry and biological effects

Cancer remains the topmost disorder of the mankind and number of cases is unceasingly growing at unprecedented rates. Although the synthetic anti-cancer compounds still hold the largest market in the modern treatment of cancer, natural agents have always been tried and tested for potential anti-cancer properties. Thymoquinone (TQ), a monoterpene and main ingredient in the essential oil of Nigella sativa L. has got very eminent rankings in the traditional systems of medicine for its anti-cancer pharmacological properties. In this review we summarized the diverse aspects of TQ including its chemistry, biosynthesis, sources and pharmacological properties with a major concern being attributed to its anti-cancer efficacies. The role of TQ in different aspects involved in the pathogenesis of cancer like inflammation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, proliferation, invasion and migration have been described. The mechanism of action of TQ in different cancer types has been briefly accounted. Other safety and toxicological aspects and some combination therapies involving TQ have also been touched. A detailed literature search was carried out using various online search engines like google scholar and pubmed regarding the available research and review accounts on thymoquinone upto may 2019. All the articles reporting significant addition to the activities of thymoquinone were selected. Additional information was acquired from ethno botanical literature focusing on thymoquinone. The compound has been the centre of attention for a long time period and researched regularly in quite considerable numbers for its various physicochemical, medicinal, biological and pharmacological perspectives. Thymoquinone is studied for various chemical and pharmacological activities and demonstrated promising anti-cancer potential. The reviewed reports confirmed the strong anti-cancer efficacy of thymoquinone. Further in-vitro and in-vivo research is strongly warranted regarding the complete exploration of thymoquinone in ethnopharmacological context.     

顺铂在TRAIL/APO-2L致胶质瘤细胞凋亡作用中影响机制的研究

目的探讨TRAIL对胶质瘤细胞凋亡的影响,并进一步研究DNA破坏药物顺铂(CDDP)在与其联合作用诱导细胞凋亡中影响作用的机制。方法行人脑胶质瘤U251细胞株的培养,应用不同浓度TRAIL和CDDP作用于胶质瘤U251细胞,MTT法检测TRAIL和CDDP分别及联合作用于U251细胞后的存活率,并以亚毒剂量的TRAIL和CDDP联合作用后,流式细胞仪检测其凋亡率。Westernblot方法检测CDDP作用前后TRAIL受体DR5表达量的变化。结果MTT结果:在一定时间范围内,随着药物浓度增加,TRAIL和CDDP分别及联合作用皆使胶质瘤U251细胞存活率逐渐降低,其中两者的联合作用效果明显,与分别作用组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。亚毒剂量的TRAIL(50ng·ml-1)、CDDP(4μg·ml-1)分别及联合作用人脑胶质瘤U251细胞24h后,存活率分别为:72.43%,75.56%,23.45%。亚毒剂量的TRAIL(50ng·ml-1)、CDDP(4μg·ml-1)单独或联合作用组致胶质瘤细胞凋亡率分别为25.61%、20.59%、62.33%。单独应用组与联合组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Westernblot法检测显示:CDDP作用后较作用前DR5表达有明显增高,随CDDP剂量增多,DR5表达量逐渐增加。结论TRAIL和CDDP联合作用能显著增强其对人U251胶质瘤细胞凋亡的诱导,其机制可能与CDDP能上调TRAIL死亡受体DR5的表达有关。     

齐墩果酸对顺铂耐药胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖及细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨齐墩果酸(OA)对顺铂耐药胃癌 SGC-7901(SGC-7901/CDDP)细胞增殖及细胞凋亡的影响.方法 体外诱导建立人胃癌顺铂耐药细胞株 SGC-7901 /CDDP,MTT 比色法检测OA对 SGC-7901/CDDP 细胞增殖的抑制作用;琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测基因组 DNA 的降解;蛋白质免疫印迹检测凋亡相关蛋白酶的激活.结果 MTT实验证明OA对SGC-7901/CDDP 细胞的生长有抑制作用,100 μmol/L OA作用72 h对SGC-7901/CDDP细胞的抑制率达62%,并表现为时间和剂量依赖性;琼脂糖凝胶电泳实验证明100 μmol/L的OA处理SGC-7901/CDDP细胞48 h后基因组DNA被降解,可见较典型的DNA梯形带;蛋白质免疫印迹分析表明,100 μmol/L的OA处理SGC-7901/CDDP细胞48 h后,细胞内凋亡相关的蛋白酶caspase-3被激活.结论 OA在体外能够诱导SGC-7901/CDDP细胞凋亡,诱导凋亡的途径可能是线粒体途径.     

Synergistic Enhancement of Cisplatin Cytotoxicity by SN-38, an Active Metabolite of CPT-11, for Cisplatin-resistant HeLa Cells

A cisplatin ( cis -diamininedichloroplatinuin(II); CDDP)-resistant HeLa cell line (HeLa/CDDP cells), which showed more than 8-fold resistance to CDDF compared to the parent cells, was newly established for this study. HeLa/CDDP cells accumulated 50% less platinum than the parent cells. There was no difference in intracellular glutathione (GSH) content between the parent and HeLa/ CDDP cells. The dose modification factor by DL-buthionine-S, R-sulfoximine (BSO) pretreatment was similar in both cell lines. HeLa/CDDP cells had cross-resistance to diammine (l, l-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II) (CBDCA), ( cis -diammine (glycolato)platinum (254-S), but not to (-)-(R)-2-aminomethylpyrrolidine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II) (DWA2114R), adriamycin, or VP-16. HeLa/CDDP cells showed a collateral sensitivity to 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycampto-thecin (SN-38), an active metabolite of 7-ethyl-10-[4-(l-piperidino)-l-piperidino]carbonyloxycamptothecin (CPT-11). Furthermore, isobologram analysis indicated synergistic interaction of CDDP and SN-38 only for HeLa/CDDP cells. The present study suggests that combination therapy with CDDP and CPT-11 may he potentially useful in the treatment of some patients with CDDP-resistant cancer.