Long-term skeletal stability in the treatment of mandibular prognathism with a physiological positioning strategy

Our aim was to evaluate the long-term skeletal stability of the mandible in 21 patients after orthognathic surgery with physiological positioning. The measurement points SNB, B point (X, Y), Pog (X, Y), and the angle of the ramus were measured on cephalometric photographs to assess skeletal stability preoperatively, immediately after operation, and one and two years postoperatively. In addition, we evaluated the clinical symptoms of disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The analysis of the cephalometric photographs showed that SNB, B point X, and Pog X showed no significant differences among the postoperative time points. On the other hand, B point Y and Pog Y showed no significant differences throughout the study period. We compared the angle of the ramus before operation and two years postoperatively, and no significant difference was found. In addition, no cases showed any pathological symptoms of disorders of the TMJ two years postoperatively. The long-term stability after orthognathic surgery with physiological positioning was confirmed, and it seems to be a reliable orthognathic treatment in patients with mandibular prognathism.     

积极主动为贫困人口服务--上海市北站医院平价病房的案例调查

目的:对上海市一所国有民营医院的平价病房进行案例调查,了解运行状况、经验及存在问题。方法:相关人员访谈和现场观察。结果:该院设立了14张床位的平价病房,收治对象是低保户、特困户及经济困难的外来务工人员。对医保病人和自费病人设定不同的减免优惠方案,包括减免50.0%的床位费和10.0%的护理、检查、治疗及手术等劳务费用(药费除外)。以收治急性病为主,住院时间原则上不超过2周。出院病人总费用的实际减免率约为6.0%￣10.0%。结论:创办平价病房的方向应予肯定。是民营机构委托管理医院的一种公益性(非营利性)的表现,对其他公立医疗机构具有促进作用。     

Some notes on uncertainty; Federal policy and innovation

The legislative background and current responsibilities of the new National Center for Health Care Technology (NCHCT) are discussed. The NCHCT's charge is to consider the stage of development, the actual or potential risks, costs and rate of use of health care technology. The role of Government in supporting new technologies, stimulating innovation and encouraging application of research products is considered. These issues are discussed in the context of the uncertainty inherent in planning and the formulation of public policy.     

Biomedical waste in laboratory medicine: audit and management

Pathology, microbiology, blood bank and other diagnostic laboratories generate sizable amount of biomedical waste (BMW). The audit of the BMW is required for planning proper strategies. The audit in our laboratory revealed 8 kgs anatomical waste, 600 kgs microbiology waste, 220 kgs waste sharps, 15 kgs soiled waste, 111 kgs solid waste, 480 litres liquid waste along with 33,000 litres per month liquid waste generated from labware washing and laboratory cleaning and 162 litres of chemical waste per month. Section wise details are described in the text. Needle sharps are collected in puncture proof containers and the needles autoclaved before sending to needle pit. The glass forms the major sharp category and is disinfected with hypochlorite before washing/recycling. All microbiology waste along with containers/plates/tubes are autoclaved before recycling/disposal. The problem of formalin fixed anatomical waste as histology specimens is pointed out. The formalin containing tissues cannot be sent for incineration for the fear of toxic gas release and the guidelines by the Biomedical waste rule makers need to be amended for the issue. The discarded/infected blood units in blood bank need to be autoclaved before disposal since chemical treatments are difficult or inefficient. The liquid waste management needs more attention and effluent treatment facility needs to be viewed seriously for hospital in general. The segregation of waste at source is the key step and reduction, reuse and recycling should be considered in proper perspectives.     

Direct prenatal chromosome diagnosis of a malignancy

A fetal tumor was suspected at 31 weeks of gestation. The occurrence of polyhydramnios led to an ultrasound examination, which revealed deformation of the fetal head, face, eye, and neck. This was confirmed by computerized tomography. Amniocentesis yielded cells with an inverted duplication of chromosome #1. This abnormality of chromosome #1 marked the malignant teratoma cells in the amniotic fluid. Cytogenetic analysis of tumor tissue and of normal tissue obtained postnatally confirmed that the abnormality of chromosome #1 observed in amniotic fluid cells was confined to the tumor. The constitutional karyotype was normal. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the direct chromosomal detection of malignancy before birth.     

生物医学科技论文存在的利益冲突问题及其应对措施

【目的】 探讨生物医学科技论文存在的主要利益冲突(Conflict of Interest, COI)问题及其应对措施。【方法】 通过检索Retraction Watch 数据库,收集2016—2021年生物医学期刊中因COI相关问题被撤销、更正或关注的95篇论文为研究对象。回顾性调查论文及其处理(撤稿、更正或关注)声明的主要特征、存在的COI问题及处理措施。【结果】 本研究纳入的95篇论文中,72篇被撤销,23篇被更正或关注。论文存在的主要COI问题包括COI披露不完整(46.3%)、确实存在COI(18.9%)、对已披露COI的完整性存在质疑(12.6%)、潜在的COI披露不完整(12.6%)、COI披露错误(5.3%)等;具体COI表现为作者与企业(42.1%)、其他研究者(9.7%)、其他作者(7.0%)、研究机构(6.1%),以及期刊编辑或审稿人(5.3%)等之间存在的潜在COI或COI。【结论】 生物医学期刊论文发表过程中存在多种COI问题,并且表现形式多样。建立并完善COI相关编辑政策,可预防COI相关问题的发生,从而减少发表偏倚。     

Iterative reconstruction algorithms

In this paper a survey of recent results on iterative reconstruction algorithms is given. These results, many of which have not yet appeared elsewhere, are applicable to a very general formulation of the reconstruction problem based on the series expansion approach. A set of optimization criteria and a number of iterative reconstruction algorithms are stated, together with theorems on the convergence of the algorithms to optimum images. The efficacy of the algorithms is compared to that of the convolution method. In particular, the falseness of the claim that ART and the backprojection method are the same is demonstrated.     

Committing to genomic answers for all kids: Evaluating inequity in genomic research enrollment

PurposePersistent inequities in genomic medicine and research contribute to health disparities. This analysis uses a context-specific and equity-focused strategy to evaluate enrollment patterns for Genomic Answers for Kids (GA4K), a large, metropolitan-wide genomic study on children.MethodsElectronic health records for 2247 GA4K study participants were used to evaluate the distribution of individuals by demographics (race, ethnicity, and payor type) and location (residential address). Addresses were geocoded to produce point density and 3-digit zip code maps showing local and regional enrollment patterns. Health system reports and census data were used to compare participant characteristics with reference populations at different spatial scales.ResultsRacial and ethnic minoritized and populations with low-income were underrepresented in the GA4K study cohort. Geographic variation demonstrates inequity in enrollment and participation among children from historically segregated and socially disadvantaged communities.ConclusionOur findings illustrate inequity in enrollment related to both GA4K study design and structural inequalities, which we suspect may exist for similar US-based studies. Our methods provide a scalable framework for continually evaluating and improving study design to ensure equitable participation in and benefits from genomic research and medicine. The use of high-resolution, place-based data represents a novel and practical means of identifying and characterizing inequities and targeting community engagement.     

生物医用材料现状和发展趋势

本文综述了生物医用材料产业的现状，总结了生物医用材料发展历程，指出了生物医用材料的发展方向。第三代生物医用材料应兼具生物活性和降解两种性能，在植人体内后可促进机体的再生能力．从而达到治疗效果。以生物医用材料为支架的组织工程可复制“组织”和“器官”，为再生医学的崛起开辟了道路，也为生物医用材料的发展提出了更高的要求，并且拓展了更大的发展空间。