The effect of indomethacin and metamizole on ureteral motility and urine flow in sheep

Summary The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, indomethacin and metamizole, on ureteral peristalsis during acute occlusion similar to the situation in renal colic. In 12 pentobarbital anesthetized sheep, both ureters were cannulated and the frequency of ureteral contractions, urine flow, mean ureteral pressure and blood pressure were recorded during 10-min control and i.v. drug administration periods. Both indomethacin (1–2 mg/kg) and metamizole (60–120 mg/kg) showed a dose dependent reduction in peristaltic frequency without reduction of the mean pressure. In addition, the pressure amplitude of the peristaltic waves was also lowered, particularly with indomethacin. Only indomethacin reduced the urine flow. Arterial blood pressure was elevated by both drugs, particularly after the first dose of indomethacin. It can be concluded that indomethacin and metamizole reduce ureteral peristaltic frequency, probably blocking the impulse transmission at the ureteropelvic junction.For the partial fulfillment of a Master's degree in Pharmacology     

鱼腥草止咳口服液治疗难治性肺炎的临床观察

目的:观察鱼腥草止咳口服液对难治性肺炎患者的临床疗效,并探讨其作用机理。方法:65例患者随机分成两组,治疗组35例,对照组30例。对照组采用西医常规治疗,治疗组在同对照组治疗基础上加用鱼腥草止咳口服液口服,观察两组患者症状及体征的改善情况,并检测治疗前后外周血IL-2和TNF-α的变化。结果:治疗后总有效率:治疗组为94.3%,对照组为83.3%,组间比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);治疗组在增加外周血IL-2及降低TNF-α水平方面明显优于对照组。结论:鱼腥草止咳口服液治疗难治性肺炎具有显著疗效,尤其在镇咳、平喘、抗炎、退热及促进排痰、肺部啰音和炎症消失、毒副作用等方面具有明显优势。     

Inhibitory activity of a series of coumarins on leukocyte eicosanoid generation

Sixteen plant-derived or synthetic coumarins with different patterns of substitution were tested for their capacity to modify A23187-induced synthesis of leukotriene B₄ and thromboxane B₂ via the 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways of arachidonate metabolism in rat peritoneal exudate leukocytes. Five of the 16 coumarins inhibited LTB₄ production: all containortho-dihydroxy substitutions (approximate IC₅₀ values 8–100 M). The mechanism is likely to depend upon a combination of the coumarins' iron-chelating and iron ion-reducing abilities, properties which also confer beneficial activities of these compounds as scavengers of reactive oxygen species (Payá et al., Biochem. Pharmacol.44, 205–214 (1992)). Inhibition of the cyclooxygenase pathway was only demonstrated by one compound, 5,7-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin, which did not inhibit 5-lipoxygenase, indicating that the cyclooxygenase inhibitory mechanism is different. Similar effects of the active coumarins were obtained using arachidonic acid as substrate for rat leukocyte eicosanoid generation, confirming that they act at the 5-lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase level. The same profile of activity was also shown when the coumarins were tested against 5-lipoxygenase in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Taken together, these antioxidant and anti-eicosanoid properties of coumarins could be exploited for the design of potentially valuable non-toxic anti-inflammatory agents for treating diseases in which eicosanoid generation and the production of reactive oxygen species are involved.     

急性冠状动脉综合征血沉和C-反应蛋白检测及临床意义

目的　观察急性冠状动脉综合征患者血沉 (ESR)和C -反应蛋白 (CRP)阳性率 ,推断炎症反应在急性冠脉事件中的作用 ,及抗炎治疗对其影响。方法　测定 5 8例急性冠脉综合征患者的ESR和CRP阳性率 ,并与对照组进行比较。再分为抗炎组 ,非抗炎组 ,于治疗 1周后复查ESR和CRP ,进行治疗前后比较。结果　急性冠脉综合征患者ESR和CRP阳性率明显增高 ,抗炎后下降较明显。结论　作为炎症标记物 ,ESR值、CRP阳性率可作为预测因子 ,抗炎治疗在急性冠脉事件中可能是有益的     

苏木的药理作用及临床应用研究进展

苏木是常用的具有活血疗伤、祛瘀通经功效的中药材。近年来研究发现,苏木药理作用多样,具有抗炎、免疫抑制、抗肿瘤、抗氧化等作用。苏木在糖尿病并发症、心血管疾病、伤科疾病等疾病治疗方面应用广泛,临床前景广阔。现对苏木的药理作用和临床应用文献进行收集整理,以期为深入开展研究和临床开发应用提供参考。     

激素和非甾体类抗炎药在白内障术后联合使用的临床研究

目的　比较超声乳化白内障吸除术后单纯典必殊眼水 (地塞米松加妥布霉素 )和典必殊减量使用加普南扑灵眼水 (普拉洛芬 )的术后炎症反应 ,以探讨激素和非甾体类抗炎药联合使用在白内障术后应用的价值。方法　采用随机对照的方法 ,将术中无并发症的 12 0只眼分为两组 ,每组 60眼。试验组 :典必殊眼水和普南扑灵合用一周 ,以后普南扑灵单独使用三周。对照组 :典必殊眼水使用四周。分别于术后不同时间观察随访症状、体征、房水闪辉和细胞 ,并测量眼压。结果　两组的术后症状和体征综合得分无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;房水闪辉除术后 14天无显著性差异外 (P >0 0 5 ) ,其余均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,试验组比对照组闪辉值低 ;房水细胞在术后 3 0天有统计学差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,此前 ,两组的前房细胞未见统计学差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;在术后两周和一月时 ,对照组的眼压比术前有所增加 ,而试验组则轻微降低 ,且有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　无并发症的超声乳化吸除术术后应用激素加非甾体类抗炎药比单纯激素抗炎作用相当甚至更好 ,避免了长期使用激素眼水引起的眼压增高等副作用 ,术后应用非甾体类抗炎药联合激素是一种较好的用药方式     

非甾体类消炎药致上消化道出血的临床表现与内镜特征

目的　探讨非甾体类消炎药物导致上消化道出血的临床与内镜特征。方法　回顾性分析 5 6例非甾体类消炎药物导致上消化道出血病人的临床资料。结果　服用非甾体类消炎药物后 5 d内出血 38例 (6 8% ) ,表现为上腹痛 39例 (6 9% ) ,呕血伴黑便 34例 (6 1% ) ,单纯黑便 2 2例 (39% ) ,内镜下表现为弥漫性胃黏膜充血、水肿及多发糜烂 38例 (6 8% ) ,胃溃疡 14例 (2 5 % )。结论　非甾体类消炎药物致上消化道出血的主要临床表现为腹痛、呕血伴黑便或单纯黑便。内镜下为弥漫性胃黏膜充血、水肿 ,多发性糜烂和溃疡。     

茄根酸性组分对脂多糖诱导的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞核因子kB表达的影响

目的：探讨茄根酸性组分的抗炎机理。方法：以淀粉诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞，用LPS为刺激剂。诱导NF-kB的表达，再用NF-kB P65的抗体与其结合，用流式细胞术测定巨噬细胞表面NF-kB P65亚单位表达的荧光强度，反映NF-kB活化程度。结果：LPS刺激12h后，NF-kB P65的表达明显增加，茄根酸性组分能显著抑制NF-kB的表达（P〈0．01）。结论：抑制NF-kB的活化，可能是茄根酸性组分发挥抗炎作用的主要机理之一。     

祛风活络丸抗炎镇痛作用的实验研究

目的:观察祛风活络丸的抗炎、镇痛作用.方法:采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、大鼠棉球肉芽肿、小鼠热板与醋酸扭体等方法评价祛风活络丸的抗炎、镇痛作用.结果:祛风活络丸对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、醋酸诱发的小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加、大鼠棉球致肉芽组织增生均有显著的抑制作用,能显著降低大鼠角叉菜胶性足跖炎症组织内PGE2含量与胸腔渗出液中白细胞计数,并能明显提高小鼠化学刺激和热刺激所致疼痛的痛阈值.结论:祛风活络丸具有较好的抗炎、镇痛作用.     

Retinal venous occlusion following COVID-19 vaccination: Report of a case after third dose and review of the literature

A 28-year-old, healthy male presented with blurring of vision in the right eye following third dose of the AstraZeneca/COVISHIELD vaccine. Further examination revealed ischemic central retinal vein occlusion, and subsequent laboratory investigations were inconclusive for his eye disease. He responded to pulse corticosteroid and tapering doses of oral corticosteroids without requiring any intra-vitreal injection. Twelve articles were identified with the help of a PubMed literature search, and a short review of these patients was performed. Retinal vein occlusion can occur because of inflammation-induced thrombosis after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination and may respond to anti-inflammatory therapy.