各具特色的国外妇幼保健工作

本文通过对国际上几个主要国家的妇幼保健工作的介绍,使人们对不同特色的妇幼保健事业有所了解,他山之石,可以攻玉,希望能够对我国妇幼保健工作的发展提供借鉴。     

How communication about risk and role affects women’s decisions about birth after caesarean

Objective

This study investigated how health care provider communication of risk information, and women’s role in decision-making, influenced women’s preferences for mode of birth after a previous caesarean birth.

特区孕产妇,新生儿及儿童红细胞免疫功能探讨

目的：检测深圳特区８５０ 例孕、产妇、新生儿、不同年龄儿童红细胞免疫功能,观察其正常水平并为其保健作为对比。方法：采用祝爱霞微量全血法ＲＢＣ－ Ｃ３ｂＲＲ（ 红细胞Ｃ３ｂ 受体酵母菌花环试验） 和ＲＢＣ－ ＩＣＲ（ 红细胞免疫复合物花环试验） 。结果：不同年龄组儿童的ＲＢＣ－ Ｃ３ｂＲＲ 及ＲＢＣ－ ＩＣＲ 与正常组比较,红细胞免疫功能低下（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） ,而不同年龄儿童组间的ＲＢＣ－ Ｃ３ｂＲＲ 无显著性差异（ Ｐ＞ ０－０５） ,但ＲＢＣ－ ＩＣＲ 有着非常显著性差异（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） 。产妇组在产后２４ 小时以内ＲＢＣ－ Ｃ３ｂＲＲ 和ＲＢＣ－ ＩＣＲ 与正常组比无显著性差异（ Ｐ＞ ０－０５） ,而孕妇及新生儿的ＲＢＣ－ Ｃ３ｂＲＲ 和ＲＢＣ－ ＩＣＲ 与正常组相比有着非常显著性意义（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） 。结论：对不同年龄的儿童、孕妇及新生儿应采取相应保健综合措施,提高其红细胞免疫功能是完全必要的。     

A training program on exclusive breastfeeding in maternity wards.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate whether a 3-day training program for health professionals was followed by changes in maternity ward practices and in the rate of exclusive breastfeeding. METHODS: A retrospective study in the maternity ward of a French university hospital involved two cross-sectional samples of 323 mother-infant pairs in 1997 and 324 in 2000. RESULTS: The rate of exclusive breastfeeding at discharge increased from 15.8% (12.0-20.2) in the before sample to 35.2% (30.0-40.6) in the after sample (P<0.01). This result persisted in the multivariable analysis [adjusted odds ratio, 2.74 (1.72-4.37)]. Infants in the before sample were less likely to be breastfed within 1 h of birth (9.2% vs. 16.9%, P=0.01), to room-in 24 h/day (56.6% vs. 72.6%, P<0.01), and were more likely to receive formula supplementation (77.6% vs. 54.0%, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: A training program for health professionals can be effective in improving maternity ward practices and increasing exclusive breastfeeding rate at discharge.     

母血、羊水中IGF水平与胎儿宫内生长受限关系的研究

目的 探讨胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-1)和IGF-Ⅱ与胎儿生长发育的关系。方法 抽取15例分娩IUGR胎儿(IUGR组)及20例分娩正常Jk(对照组)产妇肘静脉血、新生儿脐静血及羊水。采用放射免疫法及免疫放射法分别测定其IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ水平。结果 IUGR组产妇血清IGF-Ⅰ水平低于对照组，IGF-Ⅱ水平无显著差异；IUGR组脐血及羊水中IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ水平较对照组显著降低。结论 检测母血及羊水中IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ水平可监测胎儿生长发育，早期诊断IUGR。     

对北京市妇幼保健机构测评指标体系的研究

论述了北京市妇幼保健机构测评体系的依据、范围及内容。主要对原有的评审指标体系进行了调整、重新组合和分配 ,并且增加了“财务状况分析”、“领导行为与组织文化”两个全新的成分 ,决定将新的测评体系分为由内部因素和外部因素共同作用的“机构生存条件与发展能力评估”部分主要由内部因素影响的“机构工作评审”部分 ,以区别机构领导者的责任与今后努力方向之间的差别 ,减少评审时所表现的行为畸变和信息偏倚。     

Infant-holding side biases: Comparison of laterality patterns in childcare professionals and mothers or students

Among the various interactions between an adult and an infant, postural behaviours and their lateral biases expressed by adults for holding an infant represent a growing field of investigation. To better understand the building up of mother/child relationships, the current study reports data concerning infant-holding biases collected in a new population, namely childcare professionals, where experience with and emotional relationships with infants could be classified as intermediate between basic and advanced. Two sub-populations of childcare professionals were studied: women who work in maternity hospitals and women who work in day-care centres. Their infant-holding side preferences were correlated with emotional perceptive biases to ascertain whether hemispheric specialisation influences holding side biases as well as in basic holding relationships. Results showed that childcare professionals behaved like mothers, which means like participants with advanced holding relationships. The discussion emphasises the complexity of infant-holding behaviours and the importance of considering the nature of holding relationships in the study of side-of-hold biases.     

Pregnancy among residents enrolled in general surgery: a nationwide survey of attitudes and experiences

Background

Medical student interest in general surgery has declined, and the lack of adequate accommodation for pregnancy and parenting during residency training may be a deterrent. We explored resident and program director experiences with these issues in general surgery programs across Canada.

Methods

Using a web-based tool, residents and program directors from 16 Canadian general surgery programs were surveyed regarding their attitudes toward and experiences with pregnancy during residency.

Results

One hundred seventy-six of 600 residents and 8 of 16 program directors completed the survey (30% and 50% response rate, respectively). Multiple issues pertaining to pregnancy during surgical residency were reported including the lack of adequate policies for maternity/parenting, the major obstacles to breast-feeding, and the increased workload for fellow resident colleagues. All program directors reported the lack of a program-specific maternity/parenting policy.

Conclusions

General surgery programs lack program-specific maternity/parenting policies. Several issues have been highlighted in this study emphasizing the importance of creating and implementing such a policy.     

耳穴压豆治疗产后宫缩痛1691例

目的 探讨耳穴压豆治疗产后宫缩痛的临床效果.方法 对本院2012年9月1日～2013年8月31日分娩的1691例产妇采用耳穴压豆治疗产后宫缩痛.结果 显效1501例,占88.8％;有效185例,占10.9％;无效5例,占0.30％;总有效率为99.70％.结论 耳穴压豆效果显著,治疗过程安全,收费低廉,深受产妇及家属好评,值得在临床工作中进一步推广.