橡胶活性官能团对增韧环氧树脂动态力学性能的影响

用动态扭摆法测试聚丙烯酸丁酯橡胶增韧环氧树脂的动态力学行为,研究在环氧树脂低固化度和高固化度时,橡胶活性官能团种类(环氧基官能团与羧基官能团)和数量(官能度)对其影响。研究体系中橡胶玻璃化转变温度(Tg)的移动大小,与橡胶和基体树脂健合程度之间的关系。     

对中国药典附子中乌头硷限量检查的商榷

用高效液相色谱法测定生附子。炮制附片中的乌头硷、中乌头硷和次乌头硷含量，以及３种生物硷的水解速度，发现炮制附片中主要含次乌头硷，而药典只限定乌头硷含量，显得不够完善。故在此基础上探讨了药典中增加次乌头硷含量限定内容的可能性。     

Human balance and posture control during standing and walking

The common denominator in the assessment of human balance and posture is the inverted pendulum model. If we focus on appropriate versions of the model we can use it to identify the gravitational and acceleration perturbations and pinpoint the motor mechanisms that can defend against any perturbation.

We saw that in quiet standing an ankle strategy applies only in the A/P direction and that a separate hip load/unload strategy by the hip abd/adductors is the totally dominant defence in the M/L direction when standing with feet side by side. In other standing positions (tandem, or intermediate) the two mechanisms still work separately, but their roles reverse. In the tandem position M/L balance is an ankle mechanism (invertors/evertors) while in the A/P direction a hip load/unloading mechanism dominates.

During initiation and termination of gait these two separate mechanisms control the trajectory of the COP to ensure the desired acceleration and deceleration of the COM. During initiation the initial acceleration of the COM forward towards the stance limb is achieved by a posterior and lateral movement of the COP towards the swing limb. After this release phase there is a sudden loading of the stance limb which shifts the COP to the stance limb. The COM is now accelerated forward and laterally towards the future position of the swinging foot. Also M/L shifts of the COP were controlled by the hip abductors/adductors and all A/P shifts were under the control of the ankle plantar/dorsiflexors. During termination the trajectory of both COM and COP reverse. As the final weight-bearing on the stance foot takes place the COM is passing forward along the medial border of that foot. Hyperactivity of that foot's plantarflexors takes the COP forward and when the final foot begins to bear weight the COP moves rapidly across and suddenly stops at a position ahead of the future position of the COM. Then the plantarflexors of both feet release and allow the COP to move posteriorly and approach the COM and meet it as quiet stance is achieved. The inverted pendulum model permitted us to understand the separate roles of the two mechanisms during these critical unbalancing and rebalancing periods.

During walking the inverted pendulum model explained the dynamics of the balance of HAT in both the A/P and M/L directions. Here the model includes the couple due to the acceleration of the weight-bearing hip as well as gravitational perturbations. The exclusive control of A/P balance and posture are the hip extensors and flexors, while in the M/L direction the dominant control is with the hip abductors with very minor adductor involvement. At the ankle the inverted pendulum model sees the COM passing forward along the medial border to the weight-bearing foot. The model predicts that during single support the body is falling forward and being accelerated medially towards the future position of the swing foot. The model predicts an insignificant role of the ankle invertors/evertors in the M/L control. Rather, the future position of the swing foot is the critical variable or more specifically the lateral displacement from the COM at the start of single support. The position is actually under the control of the hip abd/adductors during the previous early swing phase.

The critical importance of the hip abductors/adductors in balance during all phases of standing and walking is now evident. This separate mechanism is important from a neural control perspective and clinically it focuses major attention on therapy and potential problems with some surgical procedures. On the other hand the minuscule role of the ankle invertors/evertors is important to note. Except for the tandem standing position these muscles have negligible involvement in balance control.     

政策反馈理论视域：中国医疗卫生政策钟摆式变迁及其逻辑

新中国成立以来,党和国家不断强化医疗卫生建设,70余年来医疗卫生政策演进呈钟摆式变迁的特征,即从公益导向的福利性医疗卫生政策摆向效率导向的市场化政策,再摆向公益为主兼顾效率的民生导向政策,在公益与效率间发生三次摆动。本文借助政策反馈理论分析医疗卫生政策钟摆式变迁的内在逻辑,发现政策变迁过程中原有政策通过资源效应、解释效应、演化效应和学习效应影响新政策的制定,使得新政策留有原政策的烙印,呈现出摆动式变迁而非剧烈或范式变迁。政策反馈理论为医疗卫生政策制定提供新视角,制定医疗卫生政策需注重原政策的历史影响力,以公共价值引领医疗医保医药政策,从多重政策反馈效应视角出发优化卫生政策的制定。     

乌头植株再生体系的建立

目的 建立乌头高效再生系统，短期内获得大量优质种苗。方法 以试管苗叶片为外植体，在添加不同激素配比的培养基上培养。结果 培养基MS BAl．0mg/L KT0．5mg/L NAA0．2mg/L最适合于乌头叶片不定芽的分化；培养基MS BAl．5mg/L NAA0．1mg/L有利于芽的增殖；培养基MS BA0．5mg/L NAA0．1mg/L有利于芽的伸长；不加激素的1／2MS培养基有利于根的诱导。结论 采用组织培养方式可进行乌头的快速繁殖，使乌头种苗的工厂化生产成为可能。     

关白附新工艺最佳技术参数优选

通过对关白附不同炮制品有效成分总生物碱、关附甲素及有毒成分次乌头碱含量测定,急性毒性实验,结合药典对关白附炮制品的法定标准要求(饮片表面特征、断面色泽、气味)及饮片收得率等指标考查,确定关白附新工艺技术参数为清蒸4小时为佳。     

关白附的HPLC指纹图谱

目的：对东北产10个批号的关白附药材指纹图谱进行了比较.方法：应用RP-HPLC法,Diamonsil C18色谱柱,流动相为2 mg/mL浓度的庚烷磺酸钠水溶液（含0.2%三乙胺并以H3PO4调pH至3.0）-乙腈二元梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长205 nm.结果：不同批号的关白附药材所含生物碱成分均得到很好的分离,确定了指纹图谱中10个共有峰,共有峰峰面积之和均大于各总峰面积的90%.结论：该方法可用于关白附的真伪鉴别和质量评价.     

高效液相色谱法测定草乌叶中新乌头碱、乌头碱和次乌头碱

目的 建立以高效液相色谱法同时测定蒙药草鸟叶中新乌头碱、乌头碱、次乌头碱的方法.方法 Extend-C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.3 mol/L三乙胺(65:35),体积流量为0.8 mL/min,检测波长为235 nm,柱温为35℃.结果 经过方法学考察,本测定方法具有一定的专属性、准确性、重现性和可行性,新乌头碱、乌头碱、次乌头碱分别在1～5、0.35～1.75、0.5～2.5 μg呈良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率分别为98.43%、98.98%、98.82%,RSD分别为1.38%、0.89%、1.03%.结论 本方法简便、准确、分离效果好、线性范围宽、灵敏度高,可用于本品的质量控制.     

附子化学成分研究

目的: 研究附子Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. 的子根的化学成分。方法: 采用硅胶、MCI 以及 Sephadex LH-20 柱色谱等分离,运用波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果: 从附子中分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为烟酰胺(1)、尿嘧啶(2)、次黄嘌呤(3)、腺苷(4)、尿苷(5)、5-羟甲基-吡咯-2-甲醛(6)、马齿苋酰胺E(7)、顺-对香豆酸-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)、顺-阿魏酸-4-β-葡萄糖苷(9)、反-阿魏酸-4-β-葡萄糖苷(10)、异麦芽酚-葡萄糖苷(11)、2,4,6-三苯基-1-己烯(12)。结论: 除化合物 2 以外,其他化合物均为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

酸性染料比色法测定乌头属不同药材中乌头生物碱含量

目的:测定毒性中药附子、川乌、草乌、雪上一枝蒿的乌头生物碱含量,对这4种药材的临床用量进行控制。方法:用酸性染料比色法,测定制附子、川乌、草乌中雪上一枝蒿的乌头生物碱含量。结果:附子中生物碱含量为0.2403 mg/g,川乌为1.0412 mg/g,草乌为2.1149 mg/g,雪上一枝蒿为0.6702 mg/g。结论:本实验中建立的酸性染料比色法测定乌头生物碱含量,可作为评价毒性药材质量的根据。