Arborization of axons in oculomotor nucleus identified by vestibular stimulation and intra-axonal injection of horseradish peroxidase

Summary Axons in the medial rectus (MR) subdivisions of the oculomotor nucleus were identified by horizontal rotation and by electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerves and abducens nuclei. Three types of axons (vestibular type I and II and abducens interneurons) were then injected intra-axonally with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Each injected axon was reconstructed under the microscope in the frontal and horizontal planes and terminal arborization and boutons contacting with MR motoneurons were studied. The MR motoneurons were identified by retrograde uptake of HRP, HRP being injected in the MR muscle prior to the intra-axonal experiment.The main types of horizontal canal-related axons were as follows: (1) ATD-unilateral termination axons: Most type I axons were of this type. Axons ascended in ascending tract of Deiters (ATD) to the oculomotor nucleus and terminated in ipsilateral MR area. (2) ATD-bilateral termination axons: Very few secondary canal responsive axons were in this group. Axons ascended in ATD to the oculomotor nucleus and terminated in MR motoneuron areas bilaterally and in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus. (3) MLF-bilateral termination axons: Most type II neurons were in this group. Axons went up in the contralateral MLF and into both oculomotor nuclei. Their branches distributed to several motoneuron areas but only infrequently to the MR area; and to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus. (4) AB interneuron axons: Axons ascended in the MLF contralateral to cells of origin and terminated in the contralateral MR motoneuron area.Supported by USPHS Grant No. 06658     

不停用抗甲状腺药下应用^131I治疗Graves病的临床探讨

目的探讨在不停用抗甲状腺药物（ATD）情况下使用^131碘（^131I）治疗格雷夫斯（Graves）病的临床疗效、适应证及价值。方法将正在接受ATD治疗的75例Graves病患者,随机分为两组：观察组（28例）不停用ATD服^131I治疗;对照组（47例）待停用ATD2-4周后方服^131I治疗。服^131I6个月后判定疗效。结果观察组治愈率为17．9％,无效率为32．1％,好转率为35．7％;对照组治愈率为59．6％,无效率为10．6％,好转率为19．1％。两组疗效比较差异有统计学意义（P〈o．05）,两组毒副反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉o．05）。结论不停用ATD情况下使用”。^131I治疗Graves病疗效欠佳,但能改善病情,为后期进一步治疗争取时机,可适用于重症且不宜停药的Graves病患者。     

Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms and treatment-resistant depression

Major Depression Disorder (MDD) is a serious mental illness that is one of the most disabling diseases worldwide. In addition, approximately 15% of depression patients are defined treatment-resistant (TRD). Preclinical and genetic studies show that serotonin modulation dysfunction exists in patients with TRD. Some polymorphisms in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis/treatment of MDD; however, no data are available concerning TRD.     

Facilitation of male sexual behavior in adult male rats by the aromatization inhibitor, 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD)

Daily injections of the steroidal aromatization inhibitor, ATD, were given to castrated adult male rats, concurrently with either testosterone propionate (TP), estradiol-17β-benzoate (EB), or sesame oil. ATD (10 mg), given without TP or EB, maintained pre-castration levels of male sexual behavior. This dose of ATD did not inhibit the facilitatory effect of TP on male sexual behavior. At a 1 mg dose, ATD apparently still had a facilitatory effect on sexual behavior, albeit a reduced one, that was largely unaffected by the other concurrent hormone treatments. There was no clear evidence of a synergistic facilitation of male sexual behavior by the combined EB+ATD treatments. ATD had little or no significant effect on increasing seminal vesicle weight, though it did not inhibit the TP-stimulated increase in seminal vesicle weight. Results are interpreted in terms of a possible CNS mechanism of action of ATD and implications for the importance of aromatization in the mediation of the effects of testosterone on sexual behavior in rats.     

Characteristics of behavior and stress reactivity of the hypophyseal-adrenocortical system in rats with prenatal inhibition of testosterone metabolism

The effects of administration of the aromatase blocker 1,4,6-androstatrien-3,17-dione (ATD) to female rats in the last third of pregnancy on the stress reactivity of the hypophyseal-adrenocortical system (HACS), behavior in a novel environment (an open field), and anxiety in an elevated cross maze in their adult offspring of both genders were studied. Inhibition of testosterone aromatization in the brain during the prenatal period of development was found to lead to a decrease in the basal activity of the HACS in males and longer-lasting hormonal stress responses in animals of both genders. However, the intergender differences in the nature of the stress reactivity of the system in the experimental animals persisted. Prenatal administration of ATD also induced increases in the levels of anxiety and emotionality and the duration of grooming reactions in males and females and eliminated intergender differences between control males and experimental females in terms of measures of behavior in a new environment such as movement activity, duration of the freezing reaction, and grooming. These data led to the conclusion that impaired testosterone metabolism in the brain during the prenatal period of development induced by administration of the aromatase blocker leads to changes in the nature of the stress response of the HACS in adult male and female rats and impairs the formation of sexual dimorphism in anxiety levels and the extent of behavioral reactions to environmental novelty in females. __________ Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 91, No. 9, pp. 1071–1079, September, 2005.     

Guidewire-Controlled Advancement of the Amplatz Thrombectomy Device

The Amplatz Thrombectomy Device (ATD) is a percutaneous rotational catheter proven to homogenize thrombus. The catheter design allows neither application over a coaxial running guidewire nor the use of the device as a monorail system. We report a technical modification that provides guided advancement of the catheter over a wire in order to prevent failure of application and to facilitate the interventional procedure. Received: 0/00/00/Accepted: 0/00/00     

T细胞亚群异常对Graves病预后的临床意义

观察６０例Ｇｒａｖｅｓ病（ＧＤ）患者用抗甲状腺药物（ＡＴＤ）治疗前、后Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群比值变化。设３０例健康者为对照组，结果显示ＡＴＤ治疗前ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＡＴＤ控制甲亢病情后多数患者ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８恢复正常，少数仍显异常，两组间差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示临床缓解的ＧＤ存在两种不同免疫病理状态。     

~(131)I联合抗甲状腺药物治疗甲状腺功能亢进症的系统评价

目的:系统评价131I联合抗甲状腺药物(ATD)与单独使用131I治疗甲状腺功能亢进症的有效性及安全性。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、CNKI、维普、CBM数据库。按Cochrane系统评价的方法评价纳入研究质量,并进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入6个RCT,包括504例患者。Meta分析结果显示:131I联合甲巯咪唑治疗甲亢与单独组比较,在临床治愈率及甲减发生率方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);131I联合卡比马唑与单独组比较,在临床治愈率方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在甲减发生率方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);131I联合丙基硫氧嘧啶与单独组比较,在甲减发生率和复发率方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:基于当前证据,131I联合ATD治疗甲亢与单独使用131I比较,无明显差异。