特发性肺纤维化急性加重期证候与血清生物标志物的相关性研究＊

目的 通过分析特发性肺纤维化急性加重期（AE-IPF）患者证候与血清生物标志物的关系，为中医辨证治疗提供参考。方法 采用观察性研究设计，收集2019年3月至2019年11月三个中心的AE-IPF患者76例，其中痰热壅肺证26例、痰浊阻肺证50例，并纳入健康志愿者10例作为对照。采用ELISA测定患者血清CCL18、HMGB1、KL-6、MMP-7、SP-A和SP-D水平，分析与中医证候的相关性。结果 AE-IPF患者血清CCL18、HMGB1、KL-6、MMP-7、SP-A和SP-D水平均显著高于健康对照组。血清CCL18、HMGB1、KL-6、MMP-7和SP-D水平在痰热壅肺证和痰浊阻肺证患者间无显著性差异（P＞0.05），而血清SP-A水平存在显著性差异（P＜0.05）。结论 血清SP-A与AE-IPF证候存在一定的相关性，血清SP-A的浓度升高，与痰热壅肺证关系越密切，反之，血清SP-A浓度降低，则与痰浊阻肺证关系越密切。AE-IPF痰热壅肺证患者的预后可能较痰浊阻肺证患者更差。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者延迟就医与家庭动力学的相关性研究

目的研究慢阻肺急性加重期患者延迟就医与家庭动力学的相关性,希望能够为慢阻肺急性加重期患者拟定护理措施提供科学依据。方法选取2017年1月-2019年12月我院240例诊断为慢阻肺急性加重期的患者为研究对象。根据患者入院就医的时间进行分组,时间≥24h的延迟就医的患者为观察组,时间<24h的及时就医患者为对照组。结果两组患者在文化水平、家庭年收入、在职状态、医疗保险和婚姻状况和APACHEⅡ评分比较(P<0.05)。观察组患者疾病观念、个性化、系统逻辑和家庭氛围得分比对照组高(P<0.05)。Pearman的相关性分析结果显示:慢阻肺急性加重期患者延迟就医时间与各个层面分数以及家庭动力总分呈现负相关性(P<0.05)。应变量为延迟就医为应变量,患者的一般资料为自变量,经Logistic回归分析结果表明:延迟就医的影响因素为文化水平、家庭动力评分、职业状态、家庭收入、婚姻状况和APACHEⅡ评分。结论慢阻肺急性加重期患者家庭动力总分与疾病观念、个性化、系统逻辑和家庭氛围得分与延迟就医时间呈现负相关性,患者延迟就医的影响因素是家庭动力学评分。     

活血化瘀汤治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的临床观察

目的观察活血化瘀汤治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)的临床疗效。方法选择2018年2月—2019年2月我院诊治的80例AECOPD患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,各40例。对照组应用西医常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采用活血化瘀汤,比较2组患者治疗效果、肺功能指标及不良反应。结果治疗后,与对照组相比,观察组FEV1、FEV1/FVC及治疗总有效率均较高,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05); 2组治疗期间均无不良反应发生。结论活血化瘀汤在治疗AECOPD中效果显著,可有效改善肺功能指标,且安全性较高,利于患者转归。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

痰热清注射液联合哌拉西林-舒巴坦、噻托溴铵对COPD急性加重期并肺部感染的作用探讨

目的探讨慢阻肺(COPD)急性加重期(AECOPD)并肺部感染中痰热清注射液联合哌拉西林-舒巴坦、噻托溴铵的作用。方法选取我院2017年1月～2018年1月81例收治的AECOPD并肺部感染病患随机分为对照组40例和观察组41例,对照组予哌拉西林-舒巴坦+噻托溴铵+支持治疗,观察组予痰热清注射液+哌拉西林-舒巴坦+噻托溴铵+支持治疗。对比治疗前后肺功能、炎症因子水平变化,疗效及药物副反应。结果治疗后两组FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC较治疗前均升高,且观察组FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC升高更明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组血清IL-6、TNF-α水平较治疗前均降低,IL-10水平均升高,且治疗后观察组血清IL-6、TNF-α水平低于对照组,IL-10水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组疗效分布及总有效率对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);药物副反应发生率组间对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对AECOPD并肺部感染患者采用痰热清注射液联合哌拉西林-舒巴坦、噻托溴铵治疗能够改善肺功能,控制炎症因子水平,增强疗效,且并不会增加药物副反应。     

BNP联合Tei指数对AECOPD患者右心功能的评价作用

目的:探讨血清脑钠肽(BNP)联合彩色多普勒超声心动图测定右心室Tei指数对评价慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者右心室功能的价值。方法:96例AECOPD患者入选观察组,85例健康体检人员为对照组,分别测定对照组、观察组及观察组缓解期患者血清BNP与右心室Tei指数。结果:观察组患者的血清BNP高于对照组和观察组缓解期,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者缓解期血清BNP高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的Tei指数高于对照组和观察组缓解期,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组缓解期患者的Tei指数高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的血清BNP与Tei指数正相关(γ=0.89,P=0.007);观察组患者的Tei指数与FEVl(%)、FEVl/FVC负相关(γ=-0.87,-0.89,P=0.015)。结论:血清BNP与右心室Tei指数可全面准确地评价AECOPD患者的右心室功能状态。