咪唑啉受体与中枢作用性降压药物

遗传和一些环境因素已被证实与高血压的发病有关 ,但是最近的研究显示 ,原发性高血压患者常伴有脂代谢紊乱 ,葡萄糖耐量减低以及胰岛素抵抗。产生这些代谢紊乱原因认为部分是由于交感神经系统产生的儿茶酚胺 (ＣＯＡＭ)过多。ＣＯＡＭ作用于效应受体 ,促使心排血量增加 ,外周阻力血管不断收缩从而使血压升高。并且现在有研究显示过多的ＣＯＡＭ可产生独立于血压升高以外的副作用 ,如造成心脏肥大、心律失常、动脉硬化以及肾脏的灌注不良。肾上腺素能神经 β受体阻断剂或α1受体阻断剂通过阻断ＣＯＡＭ对靶器官的作用而产生降压作用。更进一…     

鞘内注射吗啡加可乐定对切口痛大鼠脊髓背角蛋白激酶A催化亚单位表达的影响

Objective To observe the effect of intrathecal clonidine plus morphine on expression of protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn in a rat model of incisional pain. Methods Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into five groups: sham group, control group, pre-incisional morphine 2.5 μg group, pro-incisional clonidine 5 μg group and preincisional morphine 2.5 μg plus clonidine 5 lag group (n=16). lntrathecal catheter and the model of incisional pain were pro-duced according to Yaksh and Brennan's described method respectively. Changes of pain behavior were assessed by mechanical with-drawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL). The expressions of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn were assessed by immunohistochemical method and western blotting analysis. Results Compared with sham group, MWT and TWL in control group were decreased significantly at 2 h after incision (P<0.01) and the number of positive cells and protein expression of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn were increased significantly in control group (P<0.01). Compared with control group, MWT and TWL in pre-incision morphine 2 μg plus clonidine 5 lag group were increased significantly at 2 h after incision (P<0.01) and the number of positive cells and protein expression of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn were decreased significantly in pre-incision morphine 2 μg plus clonidine 5 μg group (P<0.01). However, MWT, TWL and the number of positive cells and pro-tein expression of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn changed with no statistical significance in pre-incisional morphine 2.5 μg group and pre-incisional clonidine 5 μg group compared with control group. Conclusion lntrathecal clonidine significantly enhances the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal morphine in a rat model of incisional pain, which might be associated with inhibi-tion of the increased expression of PKA catalytic subunit in spinal cord.     

福康片对海洛因依赖者脱毒的初步对照研究—附40例临床疗效观察

福康片系用于戒毒的纯天然中药片剂，为了验证其疗效，对４０例海洛因依赖者使用福康片脱瘾，２０例以可乐定作对照观察，结果发现脱瘾的头３ｄ治疗，福康片与可乐定均能明显减轻戒断症状，二者比较无显著性差异（Ｐ＞００５），但福康片组有８７．５％的病例戒断症状于３—７ｄ内消失，提示有脱瘾效应。治疗过程中，比较安全，不良反应较轻。     

治疗青光眼新药—对氨基可乐定

对氨基可乐定（ａｐｒａｃｌｏｎｉｄｉｎｅ）是可乐定（ｃｌｏｎｉｄｉｎｉ）的衍生物，它能选择性的激活α２－肾上腺素能受体。由于局部应用可乐定治疗青光眼能引起明显的全身血压降低，故已不用它治疗青光眼。而对氨基可乐定用药后不易进入中枢神经系统，短期应用治疗青光眼相当安全。它主要用于激光小梁成形术、激光虹膜切除术及晶体囊切开术后高眼压的防治。     

可乐定药理作用的研究现状

<正> 可乐定(Clonidine)是咪唑啉类肾上腺素能α_2受体激动剂,具有广泛的药理作用,本文就其某些中枢作用及其机理作一简要综述,以促进该药的研究、开发和应用。一.降压作用无论动物实验和临床实践均证明,可乐定有较强的降压作用。许多实验表明,可乐定的降压作用可被育亨     

CLEARFIL修补老年人活髓牙根面龋的应用观察

活髓牙根面龋是指在牙根部从牙骨质开始发生的龋病损害,在老年人群中发病率较高[1].用光固化型玻璃离子等齿科材料充填修补,容易造成牙齿敏感、疼痛等,并给治疗带来了一定的困难[2,3].     

α_2受体激动药

介绍α_2受体激动药可乐定和右美托咪啶的药理性质,对生理功能的影响以及临床应用。α_2受体激动药使吸入麻醉药MAC降低,对手术刺激有抑制作用,使循环系统隐定,并行增强和延长镇痛效果,对术后镇痛有良好作用。