Intraoperative awareness due to malfunction of a Siemens 900B ventilator

A case of intraoperative awareness during a thoracotomy is described. The patient's recall coincided with an intraoperative period during which a Siemens 900B ventilator and a Siemens 952 isoflurane vaporiser were used. Subsequent assessment of this equipment with an anaesthetic agent analyzer revealed that, at the ventilator settings which had been used, the delivered anaesthetic vapour concentration varied greatly from the vaporizer settings. This problem eventually was traced to a malfunctioning inlet control valve on the ventilator. This complication may have been prevented if the end-tidal anaesthetic concentration had been monitored intraoperatively.     

Anaesthesia in the MRI unit

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely available imaging modality providing high-resolution images of soft tissues. The magnetic fields generated by these scanners create an array of safety challenges which require specialist equipment and trained staff to safely operate within this environment.Guidance exists for the anaesthetist working in the MR suite, though for many individuals it remains a less familiar environment and remote site for practising safe anaesthesia.We outline the specific concerns with commonly encountered implanted devices and some of the practicalities related to caring for patients with these devices in the MRI suite.Within neuroanaesthesia, advances in procedural techniques and technology in MRI lead to an increased number of patients requiring scanning for diagnosis and treatment progress.This includes patients on the critical care unit and intraoperatively in the interventional MRI suites.     

便携式给氧复苏呼吸器的设计

目的：设计一款具有复苏和吸氧双重功能的便携式呼吸器。方法采用正压式、气动气控的设计方案,对关键部件进行了理论计算,利用三维设计软件 Solidedge 进行了虚拟样机的构建、结构的校核,最后对样机进行了加工装配和测试。结果经过实验测试,所研制的呼吸器在3～5．5 bar 气源压力下能实现急救复苏和辅助吸氧功能,给氧流量10～12 L／min,达到预期技术指标。结论便携式给氧复苏呼吸器具有体积小、重量轻、操作简单、便于携带、无需电源等特点,具有广阔的应用前景。     

胸部物理干预在预防重型颅脑创伤呼吸机相关性肺炎中的应用研究

目的研究胸部物理干预(CPI)在预防重型颅脑创伤(STBI)呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)中的应用效果。方法采用回顾性对照研究分析。2015年7月-2019年6月成都医学院第一附属医院ICU收治STBI患者156例临床资料,男性97例,女性59例;年龄22~70岁,平均44.73岁。依照干预方法分为CPI组(n=87)与对照组(n=69)。对照组给予常规干预,CPI组给予常规干预+CPI。CPI:胸部叩击、手法振动、膨肺、机械吸引、使用振动排痰机。观察两组脱机、发生VAP及出ICU后30d内死亡情况,记录机械通气时间、出现VAP时间、入住ICU时间及住院时间。干预前后氧合指数(OI)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)、急性生理及慢性健康状况评分II(APACHE II)、临床肺部感染积分(CPIS),血清白介素-8(IL-8)、白介素-10(IL-10)及高迁移率蛋白B1(HMGB1)等炎性因子。结果 CPI组成功脱机率高于对照组(94.25%vs. 71.01%),VAP发生率及出ICU后30d内病死率低于对照组(22.99%vs. 46.38%,15.94%vs. 30.43%,P<0.05)。CPI组出现VAP时间多于对照组[(4.97±0.53)d vs.(3.59±0.38)d],机械通气时间、入住ICU时间及住院时间均少于对照组[(9.36±0.95)d vs.(12.86±1.47)d,(15.64±1.65)d vs.(19.08±2.43)d,(19.97±2.18)d vs.(28.75±3.19)d,P<0.05]。干预后,CPI组OI、SpO2均大于对照组[(357.98±37.93)mmHg vs.(326.97±34.75)mmHg,(99.78±10.19)%vs.(95.46±9.86)%],APACHE II、CPIS、IL-8、IL-10、HMGB1均低于对照组[(13.88±1.53)分vs.(15.96±1.75)分,(2.64±0.08)分vs.(3.21±0.34)分,(18.27±2.19)ng/L vs.(22.98±2.37)ng/L,(10.28±1.16)ng/L vs.(12.63±1.38)ng/L,(42.97±4.41)pg/mL vs.(50.86±5.18)pg/mL,P<0.05]。结论 CPI可有效促进STBI患者痰液排出,减少炎性因子生成,改善肺功能,降低VAP发生率,促进患者转归。     

Transitional Percentage of Minute Volume as a Novel Predictor of Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Failure

PurposeSome patients with respiratory failure fail initial weaning attempts and need prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV). Prolonged MV is associated with many complications and consumption of heathcare resources. Objective weaning indices help staffs to identify high-potential patients for weaning from the MV. Traditional weaning indices are not reliable in clinical practice. Transitional percentage of minute volume (TMV%) is a new index of the work of breathing. This study aimed to investigate the utility of TMV% in the prediction of weaning potential.MethodsThis study was prospectively performed including all patients with prolonged MV. Researchers recorded their demographics, TMV%, respiratory parameters, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, and laboratory data upon arrival at the respiratory care center. The factors associated with successful weaning were analyzed.ResultsOut of the 120 patients included, 84 (70.0%) were successfully weaned from MV. Traditional weaning indices such as rapid shallow breathing index could not predict the weaning outcome. TMV% was a valuable parameter as patients with a lower TMV%, higher tidal volume, higher hemoglobin, lower blood urea nitrogen, and lower Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores had a higher rate of successful weaning. TMV%, tidal volume, and HCO3^- levels were independent predictors of successful weaning, and the area under the curve was .79 in the logistic regression model.ConclusionTMV% is a novel and effective predictor of successful weaning. Patients with lower TMV% had a higher MV weaning outcome. Once patients with a high potential for successful weaning are identified, they should be aggressively weaned from MV as soon as possible.Clinical Trials Government IdentifierNCT033480.     

山莨菪碱对通气机所致大鼠肺损伤防护作用的实验研究

目的 研究山莨菪碱(ADM)对大鼠通气机所致肺损伤(VILI)的防护作用.方法 将36只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组,实施麻醉和气管切开后,吸入空气进行机械通气,通气时间均为4h.A组为对照组,进行常规通气,潮气量8ml/kg,呼吸频率40/min;B组为致伤组,进行大潮气量通气,潮气量40ml/kg,呼吸频率20/min;C组为ADM防护组,分别在通气开始前24、12h及通气开始后0h经尾静脉注射ADM(15mg/kg),潮气量和呼吸频率同B组.每小时行1次动脉血气分析.行支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中的中性粒细胞计数,测定左肺湿/干(W/D)值,血清和BALF中TNF-α、IL-1β水平,血清和肺组织中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平,观察肺脏的组织病理学改变.结果 B组大鼠氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)较A、C组显著下降,BALF中性粒细胞计数显著增加,左肺W/D值较A、C组显著升高.B组大鼠血清和BALF中TNF-α、IL-1β水平较A组显著增高,而C组较B组显著降低.C组大鼠血清和肺组织中MDA水平较B组显著下降,而SOD水平较B组显著升高.组织病理学显示B组大鼠肺脏内较A、C组有更多的中性粒细胞浸润和肺泡壁结构的破坏.结论 ADM通过其抗炎和抗氧化作用对大鼠VILI起防护作用.     

重症肺炎患者机械通气排气管路细菌学特征分析

目的:研究重症细菌性肺炎机械通气患者下呼吸道分泌物、呼吸机呼气管道冷凝水和呼吸机排出气的细菌学特征。方法:对74例重症细菌性肺炎患者在机械通气治疗24h时分别采集下呼吸道分泌物、呼吸机排气管冷凝水、呼吸机排出气的标本,进行半定量细菌培养。结果:74例下呼吸道分泌物中细菌培养阳性64例;呼气管冷凝水细菌培养阳性51例,与其下呼吸道分泌物培养结果的符合率为96.08%(49/51);呼吸机排气口气体细菌培养阳性35例,与下呼吸道分泌物培养结果的符合率为91.43%(32/35),与冷凝水培养结果的符合率为97.14%(34/35)。结论:重症肺炎应适当缩短呼吸机管道更换间隔(24h);致病菌由呼吸道→呼吸机管路→呼吸机排出气的传播路径不容忽视;机械通气患者呼气管冷凝水细菌培养结果对呼吸道病原学诊断具有借鉴意义。     

新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎病原菌特点及诊断探讨

目的了解新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的临床特点。方法回顾性分析我院新生儿重症监护病房2004年1月至2006年10月机械通气≥48h的102例患儿临床资料。结果并发VAP53例,占51.9%,诊断时间平均在机械通气后90.3(±22.5)h,临床表现以胸片浸润阴影(100%)、呼吸道内出现脓性分泌物(88.7%)、肺部湿罗音(77.4%)及PCO2>45mmHg(64.2%)为主。发热28例(52.8%),白细胞增多12例(22.6%),51例痰培养阳性(96.2%),其中革兰阳性球菌占53.8%,革兰阴性杆菌占46.2%。肺炎克雷伯菌、溶血葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、阴沟肠杆菌是6种主要致病菌,耐药率高。放弃治疗及死亡12例,占22.6%。结论VAP病原复杂、易变,应严格掌握抗生素的适应症,避免过多使用抗生素,防止耐药菌株的出现。