The usefulness of abscess tonsillectomy followed by intraoral drainage for parapharyngeal abscess concomitant with peritonsillar abscess in the elderly

Parapharyngeal abscess (PPA) may cause life-threatening complications and peritonsillar abscess (PTA) and tonsillitis frequently precede PPA. The optimal management of PPA caused by PTA has been the subject of debate with respect to the surgical approach. We present three cases of PPA concomitant with PTA in elderly patients. In two cases, the abscesses in parapharyngeal space were drained by abscess tonsillectomy followed by intraoral incision of the tonsillar bed. On the other hand, the third case did not undergo abscess tonsillectomy because of his refusal of surgery and needed extraoral drainage after the aggravation of PPA. Based on the experience of those three cases, it was suggested that abscess tonsillectomy followed by intraoral incision of the tonsillar bed might be a useful surgical approach for the drainage of PPA concomitant with PTA, especially in elderly patients.     

Lingual lymph nodes: Anatomy,clinical considerations,and oncological significance

Lingual lymph nodes are an inconstant group of in-transit nodes, which are located on the route of lymph drainage from the tongue mucosa to the regional nodes in neck levels I and II. There is growing academic data on the metastatic spread of oral cancer, particularly regarding the spreading of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma to lingual nodes. These nodes are not currently included in diagnostic and treatment protocols for oral tongue cancer. Combined information on surgical anatomy, clinical observations, means of detection, and prognostic value is presented. Anatomically obtained incidence of lingual nodes ranges from 8.6% to 30.2%. Incidence of lingual lymph node metastasis ranges from 1.3% to 17.1%. It is clear that lymph nodes that bear intervening tissues from the floor of the mouth should be removed to improve loco-regional control. Extended resection volume, which is required for the surgical treatment of lingual node metastasis, cannot be implied to every tongue cancer patient. As these lesions significantly influence prognosis, special efforts of their detection must be made. Reasonably, every tongue cancer patient must be investigated for the existence of lingual lymph node metastasis. Lymphographic tracing methods, which are currently implied for sentinel lymph node biopsies, may improve the detection of lingual lymph nodes.     

敷料更换的不同次数对穿刺引流术后穿刺口感染的影响

目的 研究敷料更换的不同次数对穿刺引流术后穿刺口感染的影响.方法 随机将该院2013年6月—2014年7月收治的100位进行穿刺引流术的患者分为两组,50例为A组,50例为B组. 为A组患者1周更换1次敷料,B组患者1周更换2次敷料. 对两组患者穿刺口感染的情况进行分析比较. 结果 A组患者穿刺口感染的几率显著低于B组(P<0.05),A组患者的病原菌定植率显著低于B组(P<0.05),两组患者导管相关性血流感染率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论 穿刺引流术后的患者1周更换1次敷料比较合理,既能降低患者术后穿刺口感染的几率,又能降低医护人员的工作量,但要注意在敷料发生松动或者潮湿时也要及时进行更换.     

ENDOSCOPIC NASOBILIARY DRAINAGE: CURRENT INDICATIONS AND EVALUATION OF THE PRODUCTS

Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) is a well established mode of biliary decompression. Although ENBD is certainly an uncomfortable procedure with the potential risk of spontaneous dislocation or removal of the drainage catheter by disoriented patients, it has several advantages over endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) using an indwelling stent. The current indications for ENBD are: (i) temporary drainage to treat obstructive jaundice and cholangitis caused by malignant or benign biliary stricture; (ii) urgent drainage to treat suppurative cholangitis primarily caused by common bile duct stones; (iii) temporary drainage after stone removal in patients with suspected incomplete clearance and/or with cholangitis; and (iv) biliary leaks that occur primarily after surgery, as well as other indications. Different types of nasobiliary catheters are currently available that have been designed with various diameters, shapes, and materials. However, the current catheters are not considered by most endoscopists to be sufficient. Further improvements are needed to achieve better drainage and better maneuverability.     

Percutaneous management of lymphatic fluid collections

Eight lymphatic fluid collections were drained percutaneously. There were no immediate or late complications. Seven patients had follow-up; 1 required surgical drainage of a residual or recurrent lymphocele, and another had reaccumulated fluid in a lymphocele which was detected on autopsy. The remaining lymphatic collections responded to percutaneous drainage. Percutaneous drainage is safe and can be an effective tool in the management of lymphatic collections.     

腹腔镜肝右后叶囊肿开窗引流术35例报告

目的：探讨肝右后叶肝囊肿的腹腔镜处理方法。方法：1998年1月～2005年12月对35例有症状的肝右后叶囊肿（21例主要位于Ⅵ段，14例主要位于第Ⅶ段）采用四孔法行囊肿开窗引流术。囊肿位于肝右后叶上段者采用肝上入路，胆囊牵引钳或三叶钳推压肝脏使其向前向下，暴露肝后囊肿，囊肿开窗，修剪带蒂大网膜放入囊肿。囊肿位于肝右后叶下段者采用肝下入路，超声刀切开肝结肠韧带，右三角韧带及肝肾间疏松组织，胆囊牵引钳抬起肝脏，囊肿开窗，大网膜放入囊腔引流。结果：35例肝右后叶肝囊肿均在腹腔镜下完成肝囊肿开窗引流术，无中转开腹手术。15例采用肝上入路，20例采用肝下入路。手术时间30～95min，平均46min。无手术并发症。35例病理检查结果均为先天性肝囊肿。术后症状均消失。术后住院2～5d，平均3．8d。35例随访6～36个月，平均34个月，33例无复发，2例（为肝上入路病例）囊肿未完全消失，但较术前明显缩小，无明显症状，观察半年未见增大。结论：肝下及肝上入路囊肿开窗引流是腹腔镜下处理肝右叶肝囊肿的有效方法。     

封闭式负压引流治疗软组织感染

目的探讨封闭式负压引流治疗软组织感染的疗效。方法应用封闭式负压引流治疗开放性骨折发生软组织感染18例。结果18例均获随访,时间6个月-1年6个月。软组织感染均愈合,骨折正常愈合12例,延迟愈合6例,无慢性骨感染发生。结论封闭式负压引流治疗软组织感染,可短期控制感染,为进一步治疗创造条件,尤其适用于深部软组织感染患者。手术简单,疗效可靠,适合基层医院应用。     

超声引导下VacoraTM旋切系统的实验研究

目的探讨VacoraTM真空辅助活检系统的准确性和安全性,为临床应用奠定基础。方法选用里脊肉和鱼丸作为实验材料,根据鱼丸大小将实验分为5组:0.5、0.8、1.0、1.5及2.0cm组,每组鱼丸3~5个。采用VacoraTM活检系统,先行灰阶超声扫查肌肉后将鱼丸置入肌肉中,超声扫查置入的鱼丸,同轴套管针在超声引导下插入鱼丸底部,在套管针引导和超声监视下行旋切真空抽吸术;旋切后取出采样腔内的组织标本,用超声检查肌肉内的残腔,确定无鱼丸残留声像图。结果每次旋切组织条比较完整,其大小为20.0mm×0.6mm,旋切次数随鱼丸大小的增加而增加;0.5、0.8、1.0、1.5及2.0cm组里脊肉内鱼丸全部切除的平均旋切次数分别为12、15、19、26和31。所用的平均时间分别为15、18、23、27和34min。结论VacoraTM真空辅助活检系统定位准确、取样完整、操作简便。可为良恶性病变的诊断提供足够量的病理检查标本,为良性病变的完全切除提供具有潜在价值的手段。