下颈椎椎弓根螺钉置钉技巧探讨

[目的]探讨下颈椎椎弓根螺钉的置钉技巧和手术体会。[方法]2004年7月~2006年4月,在前期尸体标本操作的基础上,C型臂引导下采用下颈椎椎弓根螺钉技术治疗颈椎疾患15例。常规后路,术中显露侧块至其外侧缘,辨清上关节突关节面基底部上缘;选择侧块外缘内5 mm,上关节突关节面基底部下方3 mm处为进钉点,球磨去皮质。2 mm手钻开路并探子确认,保持与上终板平行并40°~45°内倾角。不攻丝置入3.5 mm皮质骨螺钉。[结果]除1枚C4螺钉未能成功外,共计置入C3~7下颈椎椎弓根螺钉86枚,平均螺钉长度(26±1.6)mm,CT下各钉内倾角度平均值37.9°±5.4°。术中2枚(2.9%)在开路时发生钉道活动性出血。术后CT示椎弓根壁损伤6枚(8.8%)。术后无神经血管损伤并发症。[结论]颈椎椎弓根螺钉技术相对安全,置钉成功的关键是手感。     

后路椎间融合器结合新型椎弓根钉系统治疗腰椎滑脱症

目的 探讨纯钛多孔涂层后路椎间融合器结合新型椎弓根钉系统对腰椎滑脱症的治疗效果。方法 33例腰椎滑脱症病人,采用后路全椎板切除减压、纯钛多孔涂层后路椎间融合器行椎间融合、新型椎弓根钉系统内固定治疗。结果 33例术后均随访,时间6~36个月,平均18.6个月。本组患者术后无神经损伤和切口感染,动态摄片观察无融合器移位、椎弓根螺钉松脱、断裂等并发症。按Brantigan评价标准评定结果:优21例、良10例、可2例、差0例。结论 纯钛多孔涂层后路椎间融合器结合新型椎弓根钉系统治疗腰椎滑脱症,具有椎管减压充分、椎体复位好、术后能立即改善疼痛症状、立即稳定椎体、病人可早期下床等优点,是一种治疗腰椎滑脱症较理想的方法。     

GSS-Ⅱ型内固定加椎间植骨和后外侧植骨融合治疗腰椎滑脱症

目的:总结采用后路椎管减压,椎体及横突间植骨和GSS-Ⅱ脊柱内固定系统治疗腰椎滑脱症的临床疗效。方法:对我院2004年1月~2007年7月收治的34例腰椎滑脱患者进行系统回顾。其中男11例,女23例;Ⅰ度10例,Ⅱ度21例,Ⅲ度3例;采用GSS-Ⅱ系列滑脱系统对滑脱椎体进行复位、固定、后路椎管减压、椎体及横突间植骨融合治疗。结果:患者均获随访,时间12~36个月,平均11个月。10例Ⅰ度和20例Ⅱ度患者滑脱完全复位,1例Ⅱ度和3例Ⅲ度者滑脱复位达90%,未见螺钉松动或断裂,无植骨块脱出,植骨均达骨性愈合。根据JOA评定标准:优41例,良4例,可1例。结论:应用GSS-Ⅱ椎弓根固定系统结合椎体及横突问植骨具有操作简便、复位效果好、植骨融合率高及固定可靠的优点,临床疗效满意。     

Long-term results of transpedicle body augmenter in treating burst fractures

Background:

Short-segment fixation alone to treat thoracolumbar burst fractures is common but it has a 20-50% incidence of implant failure and rekyphosis. A transpedicle body augmenter (TpBA) to reinforce the vertebral body via posterior approach has been reported to prevent implant failure and increase the clinical success rate in treating burst fracture. This article is to evaluate the longterm results of short-segment fixation with TpBA for treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures.

Materials and Methods:

Patients included in the study had a single-level burst fracture involving T11-L2 and no distraction or rotation element with limited neurological deficit. Patients in the control group (n = 42) were treated with short-segment posterior instrumentation alone, whereas patients in the augmented group (n = 90) were treated with a titanium spacer designed for transpedicle body reconstruction. The followup was 48-101 months. The radiographic and clinical results were evaluated and compared by Student''s t test and Fisher''s exact test.

Results:

The blood loss, operation time and hospitalization were similar in both the groups. The immediate postoperative anterior vertebral restoration rate of the augmented group was similar to that of the control group (97.6% ± 2.4% vs. 96.6% ± 3.2%). The final anterior vertebral restoration was greater in the augmented group than in the control group (93.3% ± 3.4% vs. 62.5% ± 11.2%). Immediate postoperative kyphotic angles were not significantly different between the groups (3.0° ± 1.8° vs. 5.1° ± 2.3°). The final kyphotic angles were less in the augmented group than the control group (7.3° ± 3.5° vs. 20.1° ± 5.4°). The augmented group had less (P < 0.001) implant failure [0% (n=0) vs. 23.8% (n=10)] for the control group) and more patients (P < 0.001) with no pain or minimal or occasional pain (Grade P1 or P2) than the control group [90.0% (n=81) vs. 66.7% (n=28)]. All patients in the augmented group and 39 (92.8%) patients in the control group experienced neurological recovery to Frankel Grade E. Three patients in the control group had improvement to Frankel Grade D from Frankel Grade C, but later had deterioration to Frankel Grade C because of loosening and dislodgement of the implant.

Conclusion:

Posterior body reconstruction with TpBA can maintain kyphosis correction and vertebral restoration, prevent implant failure and lead to better clinical results.     

Asymmetric Posterior Thoracolumbar Fixation following a Posterolateral Transpedicular Approach for Unilateral Vertebral Disease

The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent asymmetrical posterior screw fixation for the treatment of unilateral posterior vertebral pathological entities. The study included 21 patients with a spinal tumor who underwent asymmetrical posterior spinal fusion surgery between April 2009 and March 2012. The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor score visual analog scale (VAS) score were used as the outcome measure at admission and follow-up. Among the 21 patients, 12 were male and 9 were female, and mean age was 50.71 (range, 24–78) years. Mean follow-up was 16.04 (range, 4–47) months. Postoperatively, neurological findings did not deteriorate in any of the patients. Among the ASIA grade C and D patients, eight (38%) of them exhibited clinical stability or recovery to ASIA E, whereas none of the ASIA B patients scores changed postoperatively. Perioperative complications were noted in six patients (28%). Spinal stability and fusion were achieved in 18 (85%) patients. The surgical asymmetrical fixation technique described reduced the duration of surgery, and the patients required less dissection of paraspinal muscles than bilateral symmetrical fixation. Asymmetrical fixation provides good stabilization for unilateral thoracolumbar vertebral pathological entities, and facilitates rapid rehabilitation of such patients, who are often elderly with comorbidities.     

椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折并发症分析

目的探讨椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的并发症产生原因和处理对策。方法1998年1月至2005年12月,收治胸腰椎骨折患者156例,其中T1230例,L186例,L222例,L316例,多节段2例,均进行后路椎弓根内固定术。伤后到治疗的平均时间为52 h。结果所有患者获得随访2~36个月,术后6例发生断钉,3例连接棒松脱,2例螺钉松动,1例术后发生感染。结论熟练掌握胸腰椎骨折椎弓根钉固定操作技术,减少术中失误,可避免大多数并发症发生,有利于恢复神经功能和胸腰椎生理曲度。     

椎管减压、椎弓根钉内固定联合椎体间植骨融合治疗退行性腰椎滑脱症

目的探讨椎管减压、椎弓根钉内固定联合椎体间植骨融合治疗退行性腰椎滑脱症的临床效果。方法回顾性分析30例退行性腰椎滑脱症患者，均行后路椎管减压、椎弓根钉内固定联合椎体间植骨融合术，其中GSS固定24例，RF固定6例。结果经6—84个月的随访，参照NAKAL分级：优20例，良8例，可2例。优良率93．33％。结论椎管减压、椎弓根钉内固定联合椎体间植骨融合是治疗退行性腰椎滑脱症的有效方法。     

经椎弓根动态固定术与髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的中长期临床疗效分析

目的通过前瞻性研究评估经后路椎弓根动态固定术与单纯髓核摘除术治疗单节段腰椎间盘突出症的中长期临床疗效。方法选取陆军军医大学第一附属医院2012年7月至2014年8月收治的104例腰椎间盘突出症患者,其中19例因未能完成随访剔除本研究,最终85例纳入本研究。根据患者术式选择分为动态组44例和单摘组41例,术后随访5年以上。比较2组患者临床评估指标(VAS、ODI)、影像学评估指标(腰椎活动度、椎间隙高度)及并发症(手术节段腰椎间盘突出复发、腰椎不稳、螺钉松动及伤口感染)情况。结果动态组在末次随访时VAS及ODI优于单摘组(P<0.05)。末次随访时动态组椎间隙高度下降约12.75%,单摘组下降24.17%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者腰椎整体活动度术前与术后组内比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),2组间比较差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05);动态组手术节段末次随访时保留(4.05±0.79)°的活动度,约为术前活动度的45.30%,末次随访时邻近节段活动度与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。动态组无腰椎间盘突出复发,单摘组复发5例,其中4例行保守治疗,1例再次手术。动态组未出现腰椎失稳病例,单摘组有3例失稳病例,其中1例因手术节段滑脱,出现腰痛及下肢神经症状再次手术,2例因无症状随访观察;2组均未出现螺钉松动及伤口感染病例。结论经椎弓根动态固定术中长期临床疗效优于单纯髓核摘除术,能更好地维持椎间隙的高度,减少手术节段的复发和腰椎不稳的发生。     

胸腰椎椎弓根内固定螺钉置钉失误分析

目的:探讨胸腰椎椎弓根内固定螺钉置钉失误率?失误的原因及预防措施?方法:回顾性分析2008~2010年262例患者行胸腰椎椎弓根内固定置入1 207枚螺钉术后的临床表现?CT?X线结果,包括螺钉在椎弓根内的位置?角度和损伤或穿破椎弓根骨皮质的情况?并根据其穿出骨皮质的距离分为4度,即:Ⅰ度0~2 mm,Ⅱ度2~4 mm,Ⅲ度4~6 mm,Ⅳ度6~8 mm?结果:41枚螺钉(3.40%)突破了椎弓根皮质,其中Ⅰ度24枚,Ⅱ度12枚,Ⅲ度5枚,并发神经根损伤3例(1.15%)?结论:经椎弓根固定安全路径狭小,术前要认真阅读分析影像资料,术中透视确认,仔细探查,选用合适规格螺钉,可以有效地减少胸腰椎椎弓根螺钉的置钉失误?