高位胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术后吻合口狭窄再手术15例诊疗体会

目的探讨高位胆管空肠Roux—en-Y吻合术后吻合口狭窄行吻合口重建的手术方法。方法回顾性分析2007年2月至2011年11月间的15例因高位胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术后吻合口狭窄再手术的患者临床资料。结果 15例全部行吻合口重建,术中切除原胆肠吻合口行规范的肝门胆管空肠吻合7例,行肝总管空肠吻合6例,1例切除肝方叶后行左右肝管空肠吻合,左肝外叶切除3例;15例随访时间平均33.2月,术后胆漏1例,3例有胆管炎表现。结论打开肝门板显露胆管汇合处是高位胆管-空肠吻合得以重建的关键;再手术时需采用个体化的手术方案。     

保护性造口在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的作用

目的 研究低位直肠癌切除的患者中,保护性造口是否对吻合口漏有预防作用.方法 153例接受低位直肠癌保肛手术患者中,32例行末端回肠造口(造口组),121例未行造口(未造口组);对两组患者的吻合口漏发生率进行统计学分析.结果 153例患者中共有8例发生临床症状的吻合口漏,发生率5.2%.包括:造口组1例(3.1%)、未造...     

腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌低位前切除术后吻合口瘘发生率的比较

目的探讨腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌低位前切除术后吻合口瘘发生率的差异。方法2000年9月至2005年12月由同一组医师连续对距肛缘5～8cm的直肠癌患者实施腹腔镜下根治术(LP术组)53例及传统开腹根治术135例,比较两组和两组内患者造口与未造口者发生吻合口瘘的差异。结果LP术组造口与未造口者吻合口瘘的发生率分别为4.6%(1/22)与6.5%(2/31),χ~2=0.088,P>0.05;差异无统计学意义。OP术组造口与未造口者吻合口瘘的发生率分别为2.3% (1/43)与8.7%(8/92),χ~2=1.024,P>0.05;差异无统计学意义。LP术组与OP术组行造口的患者吻合口瘘发生率比较,P=0.455,差异无统计学意义;LP术组与OP术组未行造口者的吻合口瘘发生率比较,P=0.288,差异也无统计学意义。结论腹腔镜行直肠癌低位前切除术与开腹手术相比,不会增加吻合口痿的发生率。     

Long-term followup and outcome of continent catheterizable vesicocstomy using the Rink modification

PURPOSE: Multiple techniques have been described to create a Mitrofanoff channel in the pediatric population. A small subset of patients only requires creation of a catheterizable channel without bladder augmentation. These patients are ideal candidates for a procedure that avoids the use of intestine, especially in the absence of a suitable appendix. We used a modification of the Casale vesicostomy, as described by Rink, to create a continent vesicostomy in these children. We report our long-term experience with this technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients who underwent continent vesicostomy at our institution between 1992 and 2000. Patient diagnosis, stomal site, associated bladder procedures, stomal continence, followup and complications associated with continent vesicostomy were documented. RESULTS: Of the 31 patients who underwent continent vesicostomy, as described by Rink, 14 were female and 17 were male. Average age was 9 years (range 2.5 to 22). Primary diagnosis included neuropathic bladder in 15 cases, the prune-belly syndrome in 6, cloacal exstrophy/anomaly in 5 and other in 5. The stoma was placed in the lower abdomen in 17 patients, in the umbilicus in 7 and in a neoumbilicus in 7. Simultaneous procedures included ureteral reimplantation in 8 cases, bladder augmentation in 5, bladder neck surgery in 4 and reduction cystoplasty in 2. Mean followup was 41 months. All patients achieved excellent stomal continence. Complications included stomal stenosis requiring revision in 14 cases (45%). Stenosis developed in 60% of the patients with neuropathic bladder and in 86% with an umbilical stoma. Eventually 6 patients underwent conversion to an alternative catheterizable channel. CONCLUSIONS: Continent vesicostomy can be performed successfully when there is any underlying bladder pathology with 100% stomal continence. Despite the higher rate of stomal problems with this type of Mitrofanoff channel we think that continent vesicostomy is a reasonable alternative in patients with a large bladder requiring only catheterizable channel creation. Because of the excellent results reported with the Monti-Yang technique, we would currently recommend this procedure over continent vesicostomy when bowel is used for bladder reconstruction.     

Stoma complications

PURPOSE: A retrospective analysis of enteric stomas performed at Cook County Hospital was undertaken to evaluate stoma complications per stoma type and configuration and operating service. In addition, we attempted to identify factors predictive of increased enteric stoma complications. METHODS: From 1976 to 1995, data cards on 1,616 patients with stomas were compiled by Cook County Hospital enteric stomal therapists. Data card information included age, gender, weight, early and late stoma complications, emergency status, operating service, type and configuration of the stoma, and whether the patient was seen preoperatively by an enteric stomal therapist. Data were then analyzed using a logistic regression model to identify those variables that influenced the rate of complications. RESULTS: There were 553 (34 percent) patients with complications. Among the total complications, 448 (28 percent) occurred early (<1 month postoperative), and 105 (6 percent) occurred late (>1 month). The most common early complications were skin irritation (12 percent), pain associated with poor stoma location (7 percent), and partial necrosis (5 percent). The most common late complications were skin irritation (6 percent), prolapse (2 percent), and stenosis (2 percent). The enteric stoma with the most complications was the loop ileostomy (75 percent). The enteric stoma with the least complications was the end transverse colostomy (6 percent). The general surgery service had the most complications (47 percent), followed by gynecology (44 percent), surgical oncology (37 percent), colorectal (32 percent), pediatric surgery (29 percent), and trauma (25 percent). Age, operating service, enteric stoma type and configuration, and preoperative enteric stomal therapist marking were found to be variables that influenced stoma complications. CONCLUSIONS: Complications from enteric stoma construction are common. Preoperative enteric stoma site marking, especially in older patients, and avoiding the ileostomy, particularly in the loop configuration, can help minimize complications.     

Psychometric validation of the Stoma-QOL questionnaire in a Canadian cross-sectional sample of colostomy and ileostomy patients

Objectives: The Stoma-QOL questionnaire is a patient-reported outcome (PRO) used to measure quality of life in patients with ileostomy or colostomy. This study assesses the Stoma-QOL’s overall and item-level psychometric characteristics in patients with temporary stomas, and whether stoma-related quality of life differs by demographic characteristics.

Materials and methods: Analysis of cross-sectional observational PRO data from hospitals in Vancouver, Canada. Patients registered for elective ileostomy or colostomy closure, over the age of 18, and able to read English were eligible for participation. Emergent and cancer-related cases were excluded. One-way analysis of variance was used to test for demographic differences in Stoma-QOL scores. Cronbach’s alpha was used for reliability, and Rasch item-response theory was used to assess overall and item characteristics.

Results: 120 patients were included. No statistically significant difference in Stoma-QOL scores was found by age, sex, or socioeconomic status. Reliability was 0.93. Mean item responses ranged from 1.77 to 3.55 and item-total correlation ranged from 0.51 to 0.77. The Rasch item-response theory model demonstrated significant misfit, likely due to the misfit of item 9, which asks about sexuality, and high residual correlations between item pairs 6 and 8 about fatigue, and items 16 and 17 about social relationships.

Conclusions: The Stoma-QOL questionnaire is a well-designed PRO for measuring stoma-related quality of life. Demographic variables do not appear to have a strong influence on Stoma-QOL scores. Item 9 demonstrated misfit but removal likely does not improve the instrument. Future research should focus on revising items 6, 8, 16, and 17.     

低位直肠癌前切除术后肛门直肠内压力变化的临床研究

目的研究低位直肠癌前切除术后患者肛门直肠内压力的变化,探讨其与吻合口瘘发生的关系。方法42例直肠癌前切除患者,术中将1根乳胶引流管和2根分别为10号、6号的吸痰管固定在一起,通过肛门置于肠腔,达吻合口上方约5 cm处,并将这3根引流管缝合固定在肛周皮肤上,分别接引流袋,术后采用中心静脉压测压系统,以静止测压法测定术后1~6 d内肛门直肠内压力的变化。结果术后2例发生吻合口瘘,未瘘组患者术后肛门直肠内压力变化呈先增高后降低的趋势,第4 d压力最高;而吻合瘘组患者的肛门直肠内压基本呈持续增高的趋势。吻合口瘘组第4、5、6 d的压力均高于未瘘组。结论术后肛门直肠内压力的变化与吻合口瘘的发生有关,可能是导致术后吻合口瘘的原因之一。     

Evolution in the management of Hirschsprung��s disease in the UK and Ireland: a national survey of practice revisited

INTRODUCTION

The management of Hirschsprung’s disease continues to evolve. This questionnaire survey aimed to determine current surgical management strategies for Hirschsprung’s disease in Britain.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

The survey was sent electronically to all British paediatric surgeons. Initial questions explored individual experience and regional service provision. Additional questions, reserved for surgeons who perform definitive Hirschsprung’s disease surgery, addressed specific clinical scenarios.

RESULTS

Surveys were sent to 142 surgeons yielding 85 responses. After exclusions, 64 surveys from 21 centres were analysed. Forty-seven respondents worked in centres with designated ‘Hirschsprung’s disease surgeons’. Forty respondents perform definitive Hirschsprung’s disease surgery. In a well neonate with left-sided Hirschsprung’s disease, 34 of 40 surgeons favour primary pull-through following bowel decompression with rectal washouts; 35 of 40 surgeons aim to perform definitive surgery at less than 3 months of age, with 17 favouring laparoscopic-assisted Soave–Boley and 15 favouring an open Duhamel pull-through. Of the 40 surgeons, 36 use a staged approach to right-sided/total colonic Hirschsprung’s disease with 23 favouring a Duhamel or Long Duhamel pull-through.

CONCLUSIONS

The primary pull-through, using an open Duhamel or laparoscopic-assisted Soave–Boley technique, during the first 3 months of life, has become the operative strategy of choice in rectosigmoid Hirschsprung’s disease in Britain. Marked variation in practice remains for right-sided Hirschsprung’s disease.