Open surgery of giant paraclinoid aneurysms improved by intraoperative angiography and endovascular retrograde suction decompression

Summary In three consecutive cases of giant left sided paraclinoid aneurysms we employed an endovascular retrograde suction decompression technique in combination with intra-operative angiography. A double-lumen balloon catheter was placed in the left internal carotid artery by the transfemoral route. After balloon inflation and placement of a temporary clip distal to the aneurysm blood was aspirated and the aneurysm collapsed. Thus further dissection of the aneurysm could easily be achieved and clips could be placed. Afterwards real-time digital subtraction angiography was performed. Intra-operative angiography led to clip repositioning in all cases either due to a clip induced stenosis of the parent vessel, or because of incomplete aneurysm obliteration. Afterwards successful clipping could be confirmed in all cases. Outcome was excellent in one case, good in the other. The third case, extremely complicated by an accompanying craniopharyngioma, showed a satisfactory outcome, but presented new neurological deficits.     

Lower airway inflammatory responses to repeated very-low-dose allergen challenge in allergic rhinitis and asthma

BACKGROUND: Low-dose allergen challenge (LDAC) may be a useful tool for studying the capacity of allergens to induce airway inflammation in atopic subjects. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lower airway inflammatory changes following repeated inhalation of very low doses of allergen (VLDAC) in non-asthmatic subjects with allergic rhinitis (NAAR) compared with mild allergic asthmatic subjects (AA). METHODS: Fourteen NAAR and 11 AA were seen out of the pollen season and had skin prick tests with common aeroallergens. Baseline spirometry (S) and methacholine challenge (MC) were done and blood and induced sputum (IS) differential cell counts were obtained. Each subject underwent VLDAC on four consecutive mornings with a relevant allergen. S, MC, and blood and IS samplings were repeated 6 h after the second and fourth VLDAC and one week later. RESULTS: Although there were, as expected, no changes in FEV1 or PC20 in either group, mean percentage eosinophils on IS were significantly increased in NAAR on day 2 of VLDAC and decreased in all but one subject on day 4, with a tendency to return to baseline levels one week later. In AA, there was a non-significant trend for sputum eosinophils to increase on day 2; four subjects showed a decrease of eosinophils on day 4 of VLDAC. There was a correlation between eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels and eosinophil counts in NAAR throughout the study. There were no variations in other sputum cells or blood inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION: VLDAC can increase the percentage of eosinophils in IS of NAAR subjects without associated respiratory symptoms nor physiological modifications. A reduction in eosinophilic response despite repeated exposure, more common in NAAR subjects, suggests an adaptation process that needs to be further evaluated.     

用纤支镜为支气管哮喘患者作肺灌洗的安全性观察

本文对12例支气管哮喘病人作了22例次支气管肺泡灌洗,其中3例次为重度哮喘发作;8例次为中度发作[1];11例次为缓解期.灌洗方法在一般肺灌洗的基础上经过改良后,12例病人无1例死亡.11例次哮喘发作患者,灌洗后临床症状皆有不同程度改善.11例次缓解期病人,灌洗后皆无不良反应.凡哮喘时间较长者,均能灌洗出较大量脓痰栓.     

机械通气病人吸痰吸引负压研究现状

介绍了国内外机械通气病人吸痰时吸引负压的选择。提示护士在机械通气病人护理过程中应根据病人的具体情况合理选择。     

音乐疗法在婴儿吸痰中的应用研究

目的　采用音乐疗法减轻患儿吸痰时的烦躁、哭闹，减轻氧的消耗，缓解缺氧情况。方法 采用实验性研究设计，选择北京儿童医院ICU病房住院的52名需吸痰患儿为研究对象，选择背景音乐为节奏舒缓的钢琴曲。记录有与无背景音乐时吸痰前后患儿的经皮氧饱和度和心率的变化。结果 对同一患儿进行了干预前后的分析比较，有与无背景音乐下吸痰患儿经皮氧饱和度、心率有显著性差异。结论 音乐疗法对于缓解ICU吸痰患儿缺氧是一种有效干预手段。     

化痰通络法治疗脊髓炎后遗症

介绍魏品康教授治疗脊髓炎后遗症一则,以化痰通络法贯穿始终。     

肺部疾病中痰巨噬细胞对结核菌素试验反应的临床研究

目的:测定肺结核、肺肿瘤及非特异性炎症患者注射结核菌素前后痰巨噬细胞的不同数量变化,由此提供一种新的鉴别诊断方法。方法:皮内注射结核菌素、收集注射前、后痰液,测定痰巨噬细胞在不同时间的数量变化。结果:肺结核病人在结核菌素试验后痰巨噬细胞明显增加,肺部肿瘤及非特异性炎症则无显著性变化。结论:肺部患者测定结核菌素前后痰巨噬细胞变化,可作为菌阴肺结核与肺部肿瘤及非特异性炎症鉴别诊断依据之一。     

皮肤发疱仪的研制与临床应用

目的：研制皮肤发疱仪，并临床应用于自体表皮移植治疗白癜风，分析治疗效果。方法：根据局部皮肤双控发疱理论，应用负反馈原理，研制出皮肤双控发疱仪；该仪器应用于自体表皮移植治疗白癜风，通过控制局部发疱部位的压力和温度，实现发疱时需要的恒压和恒温。结果：皮肤发疱仪能恒定控制局部皮肤发疱时的压力和温度，使自体表皮移植治疗白癜风的总成活率达到98．01％。结论：皮肤发疱仪性能稳定，操作方便，临床应用效果好，值得推广。     

Endotracheal suctioning causes right upper lobe collapse in intubated children

Objective: Right upper lobe collapse is a common radiographic finding in intubated children. We hypothesized that deep suctioning and uncontrolled negative pressures during endotracheal tube suctioning were significant contributory factors. Methods : The incidence of right upper lobe (RUL) collapse in intubated, ventilated children on a paediatric cardiac intensive care unit was determined over a 3-month period ( n = 102). Graduated suction catheters and suction vacuums of < 165 cm H₂O were then introduced. Another prospective audit was carried out 3 months later ( n = 60). Results : We found that 24% developed RUL collapse and 4 developed an apical pneumothorax. Following the introduction of graduated catheters and controlled vacuums pressures, a significant reduction in the incidence of RUL collapse, to 7%, was observed ( p < 0.05). Conclusions : We conclude that high negative pressure and deep-suctioning causes RUL collapse in children. Any lobar collapse not only prolongs the child's stay in intensive care, but can be associated with further morbidity which may have a serious implication. By improving suctioning technique this morbidity can be significantly reduced.     

Sputum induction as a research tool for the study of human respiratory mucus

The study objectives were to compare in vitro transportability and physical properties of respiratory mucus, obtained invasively by direct collection (DC) right after endotracheal intubation and non-invasively by sputum induction with 3% hypertonic saline solution inhalation (SI) 24 h before the anesthesia. Twenty-two patients with no pulmonary disease scheduled for elective abdominal surgical procedures were studied. The parameters analyzed and the main results are as follows. (1) Transportability by cilia (MCT), SI was higher than DC (0.94+/-0.25 and 0.62+/-0.25; P<0.001). There was a significant correlation between the two methods and DC could be estimated by: DC=0.21+(0.44 SI) (r=0.44; P<0.001). (2) Transportability by cough (CC), SI was higher than DC (68.23+/-32.1 and 33.58+/-19.04 mm; P=0.002). (3) Contact angle (CA), SI was lower than DC (10+/-3 degrees and 22+/-14 degrees ; P=0.025). (4) Rheological properties (no significant difference obtained between SI and DC). These results indicated that SI changes mucus physical properties and transportability in non-expectorators.