Prevalence of Candida tropicalis in clinical specimens from patients with variable clinical syndromes over a 5-year period

Summary. In this study, we have examined our records for the isolation of Candida tropicalis from clinical specimens of patients with heterogeneous clinical presentations during the past 5 years. We have found that this species ranks third among all yeasts in frequency of isolation from clinical specimens and that the trend of recovery from the specimens is rising over the years. The isolation rate of C. tropicalis was highest from urine specimens (36%) followed by respiratory specimens (22%). The frequency of isolation of C. tropicalis from vaginal specimens was relatively high (14%), however the trend was declining over the years. In general, the high recovery of Candida tropicalis from clinical specimens of patients with variable disease supports the views of this organism being a major pathogen.
Zusammenfassung. Die Studie basiert auf einer Durchsicht der Patientenarchive der letzten fünf Jahre auf die Isolationshäufigkeit von Candida tropicalis aus klinischen Untersuchungsmaterialien von Patienten mit unterschiedlichen klinischen Krankheitsbildern. Diese Hefeart war die dritthäufigste mit steigender Tendenz über die Jahre. Die Isolierungsrate von C. tropicalis war am höchsten aus Urin (36%), gefolgt von Respirationstrakt-Materialien (22%). Die Isolationshäufigkeit aus dem hinteren Scheidengewölbe war relativ hoch (14%), nahm jedoch mit den jahren ab. Allgemein unterstreicht die hohe Isolationsrate von C. tropicalis aus klinischen Untersuchungsmaterialien die ätiologische Bedeutung dieses Erregers.     

Comparative evaluation of two commercial assays for direct detection ofMycobacterium tuberculosis in respiratory specimens

Two commercial systems for the amplification and detection ofMycobacterium tuberculosis directly from respiratory samples were compared. The Roche Cobas Amplicor MTB Test and the Roche manual Amplicor MTB Test (Roche Diagnostic Systems, USA) were applied to 755 decontaminated respiratory specimens collected from 470 patients. Results were compared with those of acid-fast staining and culture. A total of 251 specimens were collected from 156 patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, including 28 specimens corresponding to 13 patients that were receiving antituberculous treatment. Given the overall positivity rate of 33.2% (251/755), the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 92.4, 100, 100, and 96.5%, respectively, for the Cobas Amplicor MTB Test and 90.8, 100, 100, and 95.8%, respectively, for the Amplicor MTB Test. For 204 (81.3%) smear positive specimens and 47 (19.7%) smear negative specimens, the sensitivity values were 100 and 59.6%, respectively, for the Cobas Amplicor MTB Test and 100 and 51%, respectively, for the Amplicor MTB Test. There were no statistically significant differences in sensitivity or specificity between the two assays and culture (p>0.05). The overall results of both assays were concordant for 99.5% of the samples. It is concluded that although both nucleic acid amplification methods are rapid and specific for the detection ofMycobacterium tuberculosis complex in respiratory specimens, the Cobas Amplicor MTB Test appears to be slightly more sensitive than the Amplicor MTB Test when smear negative specimens are investigated.     

Fecal Excretion of Mycobacterium leprae,Burkina Faso

Mycobacterium leprae was detected by optical microscopy, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and molecular detection in feces collected for the diagnosis of Entamoeba coli enteritis in a leprosy patient in Burkina Faso. This observation raises questions about the role of fecal excretion of M. leprae in the natural history and diagnosis of leprosy.     

Detection and typing of human papillomavirus DNA in paired urine and cervical scrapes

The prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in paired cervical scrape and urine specimens from 144 women attending a clinic for genitourinary medicine was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR, using degenerate and general primer pairs localized within the L1 region. HPV typing was by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), type-specific PCR (HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 33), and partial DNA sequencing of PCR products. HPV DNA was detected in 114 (84%) women. HPV DNA was detected in the specimens of 58 patients after amplification with MY09/MY11 primers and in a further 54 patients after nested PCR with the GP5 + /GP6 + primers. A total of 106/136 (78%) of women had HPV DNA positive cervical scrapes and 89 (65%) had HPV DNA positive urine specimens. Both the urine and cervical specimens of 81 women were positive. In 25 women HPV DNA was detected in the cervical specimen only, and in 8 women HPV DNA was detected in the urine specimens only. A total of 108 specimens from 75 patients were typed. For 33 patients HPV typing was achieved in both the cervical and the urine specimens and 19 women had identical types in paired specimens. Multiple HPV infections could be detected in 15 (20%) of 75 women where either the cervical and urine specimen or both of the specimens could be typed. More then one HPV type was found in 8 specimens and from multiple sites (cervix and urinary tract) in the same patients on 7 occasions. The results of this study indicate that the detection of HPVs in the urogenital tract can be maximised through the testing of both cervical scrapes and urine specimens in conjunction with the use of a nested PCR to increase the sensitivity of HPV DNA detection. Also, urine cannot be a direct substitute for a cervical scrape as different HPV types are often detected in the urine compared with those detected in the cervix.     

国内外结核菌聚合酶链反应试剂盒的临床检测结果比较

目的用相同标本比较国内外结核菌聚合酶链反应诊断试剂盒的临床检测效果,并初步探讨结核菌聚合酶链反应荧光诊断试剂盒在临床应用中定量检测结核菌数量的可行性。方法用聚合酶链反应技术,荧光探针杂交技术、酶联免疫反应技术以及常规细菌学方法检测并经双盲编号的84份临床痰标本和8份含痰结核菌标准品。结果在59例结核病患者痰标本中,国产PCR-酶联免疫检测试剂盒与PCR荧光试剂盒分别检出26例阳性和24例阳性,国外试剂盒检出24例阳性;在25例非结核病患者痰标本中,国产PCR-酶联免疫检测试剂盒与PCR荧光试剂盒分别检出21例真阴性和24例真阴性,国外试剂盒检出23例真阴性;细菌学各级别检查结果与PCR荧光检测CT值不呈递减关系。结论国内外结核菌聚合酶链反应诊断试剂盒对临床标本的检测结果无显著性差异;结核菌聚合酶链反应荧光诊断试剂盒尚不能定量检测痰标本中的结核菌数量,有待更多的临床数据加以证实。     

临床标本中非发酵菌的分布及耐药性分析

目的了解临床标本中非发酵菌的分布及耐药状况,为合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法各种标本经分离培养,用ATB Expression细菌鉴定仪鉴定,用ATB PSE药敏试条进行药敏试验,并作统计分析。结果7 395份标本分离出非发酵1 106株,分离率为14.9%,以铜绿假单胞菌的分离率最高(45.7%),各种临床标本中以痰液标本的检出率最高;除嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌和脑膜脓毒金黄杆菌外,对亚胺培南的耐药率最低,其次为头孢哌酮/舒巴坦。结论非发酵菌在各种临床标本中分布不同,种类较多,各种细菌之间耐药性差异较大,临床应及时采集标本,作病原学检测及药敏试验,并根据药敏试验结果选择抗菌药物,以减少细菌耐药产生,控制医院感染。     

经脐腹腔镜乙状结肠肿瘤切除并脐再造术

目的探讨经脐腹腔镜乙状结肠肿瘤切除并脐再造术的可行性和临床应用前景。方法分析2011年1月～2012年12月成都市第二人民医院普外科同一治疗小组完成20例经脐腹腔镜乙状结肠肿瘤切除并脐再造术患者的手术时间、术中出血量、吻合口漏、切口感染、术后恢复情况及肿瘤根治情况等。结果 20例病人均在腹腔镜下顺利完成手术,手术时间（212.05±13.90）min,术中出血量（125.50±28.92）ml,淋巴结清扫数目（13.70±1.26）个,肠道功能恢复时间（3.10±0.64）d;术后切口脂肪液化1例,吻合口漏1例;术后平均8.7天出院。手术切口瘢痕隐蔽不易察觉,新＂肚脐＂形态良好。结论经脐腹腔镜乙状结肠肿瘤切除并脐再造术创伤小,恢复快,操作不复杂,安全性高,腹部美容效果明显,肿瘤根治性可靠。     

玻璃体和视网膜相关组织标本取材及应用研究现状

准确的玻璃体、视网膜相关组织标本取材及保存方法是保证临床诊断及开展严谨基础研究的基础。玻璃体标本取材的临床用途包括微生物培养、细胞学检测、变性性疾病检测、PCR分析、液基细胞学检测细胞形态等;实验研究用途包括DNA基因分析、蛋白定量分析、代谢物检查、RNA含量定量分析、细胞因子测定等。视网膜标本取材主要用于视网膜增生膜的PCR分析、免疫组织化学染色、免疫荧光检查、微血管密度评价以及细胞分离和培养等。了解玻璃体视网膜手术标本的取材和相关检测技术、材料的应用,可为玻璃体视网膜疾病的诊断提供更全面的思路及相关基础研究提供更广泛的参考。     

国内未见分布蝇种:澳洲麻蝇的形态和DNA条形码鉴定

目的 应用DNA条形码与形态分类相结合的方法,快速、准确鉴定在中山口岸入境船舶截获的1只蝇类.方法 2014年4月30日中山出入境检验检疫局神湾办事处从澳大利亚入境载有鲜葡萄的货船上截获1只蝇类,做成针插标本,并拍照存档.进行形态学鉴定,然后取1条后足提取基因组DNA,采用动物DNA条形码的通用引物(LCO1490和HCO2198)扩增目的片段,并进行纯化、克隆测序和序列分析,与NCBI及BOLD中的序列进行比对,构建NJ树.结果 形态学鉴定截获蝇类为雌性麻蝇科种类,由于缺少关于雌性麻蝇鉴定特征描述的参考资料,无法将该蝇鉴定到种,所获得的DNA条形码序列与BOLD中的澳洲麻蝇[Sarcophaga australis (Johnston et Tiegs,1921)]的序列相似度达100％.经过科技查新,确认是中国未见分布种.结论 根据鉴定结果,判定所截获的蝇类为雌性澳洲麻蝇,是我国首次截获.应用DNA条形码与形态鉴定相结合可以准确快速鉴定雌性麻蝇种类.