理筋通督手法治疗颈性眩晕临床研究

目的:观察理筋通督手法治疗颈性眩晕的临床疗效。方法:将120例颈性眩晕患者随机分成3组,理筋通督组、传统手法组及安慰剂组。理筋通督组采用理筋通督手法;传统手法组采用传统手法;安慰剂组口服维生素C。结果:理筋通督手法可显著减缓患者基底动脉舒张期最低血流速度(P0.05)。理筋通督组有效率为93.67%,传统手法组有效率为67.5%,安慰剂组有效率为17.5%,3组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),理筋通督组明显优于其他两组。结论:理筋通督手法治疗颈性眩晕临床疗效显著。     

Unconditional Positivity-Preserving and Energy Stable Schemes for a Reduced Poisson-Nernst-Planck System

The Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) system is a widely accepted model for simulation of ionic channels. In this paper, we design, analyze, and numerically validate a second order unconditional positivity-preserving scheme for solving a reduced PNP system, which can well approximate the three dimensional ion channel problem. Positivity of numerical solutions is proven to hold true independent of the size of time steps and the choice of the Poisson solver. The scheme is easy to implement without resorting to any iteration method. Several numerical examples further confirm the positivity-preserving property, and demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency, and robustness of the proposed scheme, as well as the fast approach to steady states.     

预防性静滴钾离子、镁离子对急性心梗后并发室性心律失常的预防作用

目的 探究预防性静滴钾离子、镁离子对急性心梗后并发室性心律失常的预防作用。方法 选择2015年1月-2018年1月于西宁市第一人民医院进行治疗的78例急性心肌梗死患者为研究对象，按照随机数字表法将其均分为观察组与对照组，每组各39例患者。对照组患者进行常规急性心梗治疗，观察组患者在对照组基础上加用门冬氨酸钾镁进行治疗，对比两组治疗有效率，对比两组治疗前后血液流变学指标纤维蛋白原（Fib）、凝血酶原时间（PT）、血小板计数（Plt），对比两组治疗期间不良反应发生率及心律失常发生率。结果 治疗后，观察组患者治疗有效率为87.18%，对照组为76.92%，两组对比差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗前两组患者Fib、PT以及Plt水平对比差异不具有统计学意义；治疗后，两组患者Plt及Fib水平低于治疗前，PT水平高于治疗前，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；治疗后观察组患者Plt及Fib水平低于对照组，PT水平高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组患者不良反应发生率稍高于对照组，但对比差异不具有统计学意义。观察组心律失常发生率为7.69%，对照组为15.38%，两组对比差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 预防性静滴钾离子与镁离子能够显著降低急性心梗患者心律失常发生率，同时有利于提高治疗有效率，改善其血流变指标，且安全性较高。     

Topically injected adrenocorticotropic hormone induces mechanical hypersensitivity on a full‐thickness cutaneous wound model in rats

Cutaneous wound pain causes physical and psychological stress for patients with wounds. Previous studies reported that stress induces hyperalgesia and deteriorates wound healing. However, the effect of the stress response such as in hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis on local wound area is unclear. We aimed to investigate the effects of a stress response on the mechanical withdrawal threshold in the local wound area and describe the identification of a wound pain exacerbation. We topically injected adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) into the granulation tissue of full‐thickness cutaneous wound model rats on the fifth day postwounding and measured the mechanical withdrawal thresholds, cytochrome P450 2Bs levels and concentration of 5,6‐epoxyeicosatrienoic acid in wound exudate. We found that ACTH induced mechanical hypersensitivity at 4 and 6 hours after injection (P = .004 and .021, respectively), and increased gene expression of cytochrome P450 2B12 expression (P = .046). Concentration of 5,6‐EET in the wound exudate was moderately correlated with the mechanical withdrawal threshold (r = ?.630). Finally, the mechanical withdrawal threshold in the 5,6‐EET group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 2 hours after the injection (P = .015). We propose that 5,6‐EET is one of the most promising contributors to the wound pain exacerbation. These findings could guide clinical wound and pain management.     

高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定氯沙坦钾中的遗传毒性杂质N-亚硝基-N-甲基-4-氨基丁酸

目的建立了一种高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法,对氯沙坦钾原料药中遗传毒性杂质N-亚硝基-N-甲基-4-氨基丁酸(NMBA)进行测定。方法色谱柱为岛津Shim-pack XR-ODSⅡ色谱柱(2.0 mm×150 mm,2.2μm),流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)和甲醇(B),进行梯度洗脱,流速0.3 mL·min^-1,柱温为40℃,采用ESI离子化-三重四极杆质谱多反应监测(MRM)正离子模式检测,碰撞电压分别为-11,-13和-13 V,碰撞气氩气270 kPa,NMBA的离子对分别为m/z 147.15→117.10,147.15→87.10和147.15→44.10。结果该方法中NMBA在1~100 ng·mL^-1内线性关系良好,日内和日间的保留时间和峰面积的重复性良好(RSD均小于1.10%,n=6和n=18),低、中、高3个浓度的平均回收率在94.40%~98.04%之间。结论本方法简单方便,可快速有效的对氯沙坦钾原料药中NMBA进行限度检查并实现定量分析。     

Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of a New Sustained-Release Potassium Chloride Tablet

The bioavailability of a new sustained-release potassium chloride (KC1) tablet, designed for once-a-day dosing, was compared to a KC1 elixir using urinary excretion data. The study utilized 25 male volunteers dosed in a crossover design in a dietary/activity-controlled environment. The regimens consisted of a total of 80 mEq of potassium in three equally divided doses of elixir every 6 hr and a single 80-mEq dose using four 20-mEq sustained-release (SR) tablets. The mean time to maximum rate of potassium urinary excretion was 2.2 hr for the first elixir dose and 5.5 hr after the SR tablet (P < 0.01), thereby supporting the prolonged-release properties of this formulation. After correction for baseline urinary potassium excretion, the mean total 24-hr urinary potassium excretion was 42.18 mEq for the elixir and 40.41 mEq for the SR tablet. The results indicate that the absorption pattern from the SR tablet is equal to three doses of KC1 elixir dosed 6 hr apart.     

Blood pressure lowering effect of the aqueous extract of the stem of Ipomoea acanthocarpa (convolvulaceae) in spontaneously and salt-loaded hypertensive rats

Spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and salt-loaded hypertensive rats (SLHR) were submitted to a daily treatment by gavage of 2 mL/100 g body weight of the aqueous extract of the stem of Ipomoea acanthocarpa (30 mg/mL stock solution). A fall in blood pressure of nearly 13% was observed after two successive administrations of the aqueous extract. After 14 days of treatment, the blood pressure fell by more than 30±8%. The hypotensive effect might be due to a direct vascular smooth muscle effect or to its already observed high diuretic effects or might be acting by some other mechanism.     

关附甲素对豚鼠乳头肌动作电位最大除极速度的频率依赖性抑制作用

应用标准微电极技术，研究了关附甲素对豚鼠右心室乳头肌动作电位最大除极速率(V_max)的频率依赖性抑制作用(RDB)，并与美西律，奎尼丁，劳卡尼进行了比较. 在相同刺激间隔(300 ms)，产生50%左右RDB的药物浓度下，美西律的RDB开始最快，其第2个V_max所产生的抑制已占RDB的64%，奎尼丁，劳卡尼和关附甲素的RDB开始速率常数分别为每个动作电位0.165, 0.076和0.136. 美西律，奎尼丁，劳卡尼和关附甲素产生RDB的恢复时间常数分别为1.4, 9.0, 18.2和44.0 s，而且它们的恢复时间常数是不依赖于药物浓度而变化的，结果提示，关附甲素是一个慢动力学钠通道阻滞剂.     

Differences in the temporal dynamics of the visual ON and OFF pathways

The temporal structure of spike trains recorded from optic fibers and single units of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and primary visual cortex of the cat was studied with a novel method of inter-spike interval analysis. ON type relay cells of the LGN exhibited a multimodal interval distribution preferring a distinct interval (fundamental interval) and its multiples during the sustained light response, whereas most OFF cells showed a broad, unimodal distribution. The general pattern of the interval distribution was relatively independent of stimulus size and contrast and the degree of light adaptation. Simultaneously recorded S-potentials originating from the retinal input generally produced only a single peak at the fundamental interval length. Therefore, the multimodal interval distribution of LGN cells seems to be a result of intra-geniculate inhibition. Cortical cells also showed a weak tendency to fire with spike intervals similar to LGN cells. Therefore, the regular firing pattern observed at peripheral stages of the visual pathway can persist at higher levels and might promote the occurrence of oscillatory activity.