三氧化二砷对CO2气腹下小鼠肿瘤腹壁戳口种植影响的实验研究

目的 研究腹腔内注射三氧化二砷(arsenic trioxide,As2O3)对小鼠CO2气腹下肝癌H22转移的影响. 方法 昆明鼠40只(清洁级),中腹部穿刺置入1 mm套管针,自套管针注入1×106肿瘤细胞后,建立CO2气腹,压力8 mm Hg,时间30 min.术后随机分4组,每组10只,分别腹腔内注入生理盐水,1 ml;As2O3(2 mg/kg),1 ml;As2O3(4 mg/kg),1 ml;As2O3(4mg/kg)+肝素(10 U/ml),共1 ml.气腹后第3、7天测量肿瘤黏附因子(CD44)、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的变化;比较各组生存状态、腹围、体重变化及转移瘤直径.结果 气腹后第3、7天,与对照组相比,各As2O3组CD44、VEGF表达均明显降低(P＜0.05).2个高剂量组的气腹后第3天VEGF、第7天CD44比低剂量组降低明显(P＜0.05).4组戳口种植率分别为9/10、8/10、7/10、6/10,差异无显著性(x2=2.667,P=0.446). 结论 As2O3对CO2气腹腹腔镜肿瘤生长转移有抑制作用.     

Pathophysiological and clinical aspects of the CO2 pneumoperitoneum (CO2-PP)

Experimental studies demonstrated a severe cardiac load of the CO₂ pneumoperitoneum caused by an accelerated after- and a decreased preload. Patients displaying cardiovascular risks are therefore often rejected from laparoscopic surgery. Hence, the pathophysiological changes and the intraoperative risk of the CO₂ pneumoperitoneum in high-risk cardiopulmonary patients (NYHA II–III, n= 15) undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy are described. The changes in cardiac after- and preload seem to be due to the elevated intraabdominal pressure rather than transperitoneally resorbed CO₂ and are reversible by desufflation. In one patient conversion to open operation had to be performed because of a severe drop in cardiac output and right ventricle ejection fraction. Mixed oxygen saturation was predicting intraoperative worsening in this case. The described pathophysiological changes may seem to be well tolerated even in high-risk cardiac patients. Monitoring of hemodynamics should include an arterial catheter line and blood gas analyses. Pharmacologic interventions or pressureless laparoscopic procedures might not be necessary as long as laparoscopic cholecystectomy is performed. Received: 13 December 1996/Accepted: 8 January 1997     

腹腔镜胆囊切除高龄患者血液流变性变化的研究

目的 :探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术对高龄患者血液流变性的影响 ,进一步认识腹腔镜胆囊切除术的特点。方法 :对 4 0名腹腔胆囊切除术高龄患者气腹前、气腹中、气腹后和术后第一天的全血粘度 (ηb)、血浆粘度 (ηP)、红细胞聚集指数 (EAI)、血沉方程K值 (ESRK)、血球压积 (HCT)和纤维蛋白原 (Fib)进行了检测比较和分析。结果 :高龄患者气腹后患者血液流变性和检测指标有明显的变化 ,气腹消除后未明显缓解 (P <0 .0 5 )。术后第一天 ,变化的指标恢复到气腹前水平 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :在一定控制范围内的气腹对腹腔镜胆囊切除高龄患者的血液动力学方面虽未引起明显的变化 ,但对血液流变性产生了影响 ,这种影响在气腹消除后仍可持续一段时间     

Laparoscopic repair of a diaphragmatic hernia through the foramen of Morgagni

A 78-year-old woman is described who presented with a diaphragmatic hernia through the foramen of Morgagni. A definitive diagnosis was confirmed by a sagittal view on magnetic resonance imaging prior to surgery. The hernia was repaired laparoscopically under an abdominal wall lifting technique without pneumoperitoneum, and her symptoms completely resolved postoperatively with no evidence of recurrence. The laparoscopic repair was considered a suitable and safe procedure for the treatment of a Morgagni hernia. Received: 3 April 1996/Accepted: 3 May 1996     

EMPHYSEMATOUS CHOLECYSTITIS CAN CAUSE PNEUMOPERITONEUM

A case of emphysematous cholecystitis with gall-bladder perforation, resulting in free intraperitoneal gas, is presented. It adds to only nine previous reports. A successful outcome was achieved by early surgery, combined with appropriate antibiotic therapy.     

A SAFE,NEW APPROACH TO ESTABLISHING A PNEUMOPERITONEUM AT LAPAROSCOPY

The traditional method of establishing a pneumoperitoneum before laparoscopic surgery is via a Verres needle inserted in the midline below the umbilicus while tenting the abdominal wall with the hand. A new approach is described in which preliminary surgical exposure and tenting of the linea alba immediately above the umbilicus is achieved before needle insertion through the superior margin of the umbilical ring. The advantages of this new technique over the conventional method are discussed. Further technical features important in the safe formation of the pneumoperitoneum are emphasized.     

Low-pressure Pneumoperitoneum for Laparoscopic Surgery Using a Disposable,Flexible Abdominal Wall Retractor

Abstract: Since April 1991, we have studied 160 patients who had had a successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Nine patients who presented with chronic cholecystitis with severe local adhesion and who were also considered to require a longer operative time were selected as suitable candidates for this procedure. They were successfully treated under a zero- to four-mmHg low-pressured pneumoperitoneum procedure combined with total abdominal wall lifting using a disposable, flexible vinyl tube retractor. This method enabled exactly the same clear laparoscopic vision as is possible in the routinely-used high-pressure pneumoperitoneum even in the marginal portions of the abdominal cavity. Moreover, it facilitated early reinsufflation after the cauterization-produced smoke was exhausted, which minimized the operative time and reduced the surgeon's anxiety concerning the maintenance of a sufficiently airtight condition. We believe that this low-pressure pneumopeqitoneum procedure also benefits the poor-risk patient who has restricted cardiopulmonary function, especially during advanced laparoscopic surgery which requires a longer operative and anesthetic time.     

Handlebar hernia with intra-abdominal extraluminal air presenting as a novel form of traumatic abdominal wall hernia: Report of a case

An 18-year-old male was admitted to our Emergency Department with a traumatic abdominal wall hernia (TAWH) of the left lower quadrant (LLQ) after suffering hypogastric blunt injury and urogenital lacerations in a motorcycle accident. Upright chest X-ray showed a small amount of right infradiaphragmatic free air, and a computed tomographic (CT) scan demonstrated an abdominal wall hernia. At surgery, no impairment was found in the digestive tract, and an abdominal herniorrhaphy was performed. It is suggested that the free air had passed through a connection between the scrotal laceration and the contralateral abdominal defect via the subcutaneous space and was palpated as emphysema. This is a new type of TAWH, which suggests that blunt abdominal trauma may result in negative pressure in the subcutaneous and peritoneal cavity, and this could reflect the pathophysiology of TAWH.     

不同CO2气腹压对腹腔镜胆囊切除患者术后肩部疼痛的影响

目的 探讨不同CO2气腹压对腹腔镜胆囊切除患者术后肩部疼痛的影响。方法 选择本院行腹腔镜胆囊切除患者90例,随机分为3组,每组30例,A组气腹压力为10mmHg,B组气腹压力为12mmHg,C组气腹压力为14mmHg,观察3组术后1、6、12、24、48、72h肩部疼痛发生率及VAS。结果 3组术后6、12、24、48h肩部疼痛发生率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。3组术后1、72h肩部疼痛发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。3组的VAS随着时间延长逐渐升高,术后24h为高峰,随后逐渐降低,且不同时间点A组的VAS明显低于B、C组．差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 不同气腹压力对患者术后肩部疼痛发生率及疼痛程度有明显影响,在气腹压力10mmHg下行腹腔镜手术治疗可有效降低术后肩部疼痛发生率,值得临床推广应用。     

CO2气腹对脓毒血症炎症反应的研究进展

外科手术是治疗急性腹膜炎的基本方法 ,这类患者多伴有脓毒血症.近年来随着腹腔镜技术的发展,腹腔镜手术已越来越多地应用于脓毒血症患者的外科手术治疗;但其对术后炎症反应的影响和对细菌播散的影响一直是关注的焦点.现将近年来有关CO2气腹在这方面的研究进展作一综述.