指骨的X线测量及其性别判别关系

目的：对指骨各指节的长度及宽度进行X线测量，为法医学及人类学提供判别率较高的性别判别式。方法：随机选择健康汉族大学生186人(男90人，女96人)，进行双手后前位X线拍片，分别测量各掌骨长与中点宽，将所得数据应用SPSS软件进行统计学分析。结果：男性指骨左右示指近节宽、中指近节宽及环指近节宽侧别差异有显著性意义，女性侧别差异无显著性意义；除小指近节指骨宽外，性别差异均有显著性意义。应用Fisher法提出8个性别逐步判别式，判别率在86．0％-91．9％之间。结论：以上判别式对法医学及人类学的性别鉴定简单实用，具有较高参考价值。     

Treatment of type III middle phalangeal neck fractures through a palmar approach: a case report

Phalangeal neck fractures occur almost exclusively in children. We present the case of a 49 years old man with a dislocated fracture of the neck of the middle phalanx with the distal fragment rotated at 180°, due to a traumatic circular saw injury to the left index, which was solved by anatomical reduction and bone fixation with two 1.5 mm Synthes screws and a temporary transarticular Kwire at the distal interphalangeal joint. Zone Iflexor digitorum profundus repair was performed using a modification of the Kessler 4-strands core suture and a full-thickness skin graft from the hypothenar eminence was taken to cover the skin gap. At 6-month follow-up the patient was pain-free and with a total active movement equivalent to 190°. No radiological signs of avascular necrosis of the head of the middle phalanx or nonunion of the distal fragment was detectable with recovery to the previous manual work. Owing to the position of the phalangeal head maintained in position by the collateral ligaments an anatomic reduction from dorsal approach is difficult to be performed and a longitudinal traction can render the reduction harder too. The volar approach permits an easier reduction of the fracture through a derotation of the distal fragment facing palmar.     

以单纯指骨转移为首发症状的肺癌2例并文献复习

目的探讨原发性肺癌以单纯指骨转移为首发症状的临床特点以及肺癌发生指骨转移的机理。方法对1991年至2007年间，见诸于有关文献报道的以单纯指骨转移为首发症状的原发性肺癌病人的文献资料进行综合性分析。结果在文献报道的以单纯指骨转移为首发症状的17例原发性肺癌的病人中，其转移病灶位于左手指骨者7例，右手指骨者9例，双手指骨者1例，指骨转移病灶的数量在两手之间的分布大致相等，除3例病人其转移病灶位于近节指骨外，其余病人的转移病灶均位于其末节指骨；有6例病人的患病手指既往曾有外伤史。结论传统的机械一解剖学说和种子一土壤学说的观点均不能解释原发性肺癌发生指骨转移的机理，故临床上如遇久治不愈的手指软组织炎症时，应想到是否有肿瘤细胞转移至此的可能性。     

Quantitative ultrasound of the hand phalanges in patients with genetic disorders: a pilot case-control study

Skeletal status in subjects with genetic disorders rarely has been a matter of interest, and the risk for osteoporotic fracture in this population is not known. The aim of this study was to estimate ultrasound values in subjects with genetic disorders. In the study 50 patients (36 boys and 14 girls, mean age 11.8±2.9 years) and 528 healthy controls matched for age and body size (380 boys and 148 girls, mean age 11.9±2.5 years) were evaluated. Patients with the following disorders were included: Down syndrome, Martin-Bell syndrome, Marfan-Mass phenotype and others. Bone status was assessed by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of hand phalanges using DBM Sonic 1200 (IGEA, Carpi, Italy), which measures amplitude-dependent speed of sound (Ad-SoS, m/s). Ad-SoS was significantly lower in patients than in controls (in the whole group 1,915±69 m/s vs. 1,970±62.0 m/s, P<0.0000001; in males 1,917±73 m/s vs. 1,972±63 m/s, P<0.000001; in females 1,910±58 m/s vs. 1,963±58 m/s, P<0.01). Ad-SoS correlated significantly with age and body size (except for Ad-SoS with age in female patients). In all subgroups of patients (except for the subjects with Marfan-Mass syndrome) Ad-SoS values were significantly lower than in controls. In a multiple, stepwise regression analysis of Ad-SoS on age and body size, in the whole group of patients age and height had significant influence on Ad-SoS, and in controls age, height and weight. In conclusion, the study shows significantly lower phalangeal ultrasound values in subjects with different genetic disorders compared to normal healthy persons.     

AO微型钢板内固定治疗指骨骨折术后功能评价

目的 评价AO微犁钢板内固定治疗指骨骨折的术后功能,并探讨可能影响功能恢复的因素.方法 对2003年9月至2008年8月问39例(40指)行微犁钢板内固定并取出且获得随访的指骨骨折患者临床资料进行回顾性分析.并对随访患者进行满意度测评,采用Tang提出的手功能评定标准进行功能评价,并分析年龄、指别、钢板类型、骨折类型等与功能评级的关系.结果 术后随访3～63个月(平均25个月).患者满意度评价:23.1%(9/39)的患者满意,23.1%(9/39)的患者基本满意,35.9%(14/39)的患者欠满意,17.9%(7/39)的患者不满意.患指术后功能按Tang手功能标准评定:优+5指,优-1指,良+4指,良-5指,中14指,差7指,失败4指.无骨不愈合、骨不连、钢板断裂等并发症发生.低龄组(≤45岁)的功能评级明显优于高龄组(＞45岁)(P＜0.01).拇指与其他四指功能级别有明显差异,拇指功能恢复要比其他四指差.软组织或关节面损伤、开放或粉碎性骨折以及骨折类型等风险因素对功能评级在统计学上没有影响.结论 微型钢板可以为小稳定的、复杂的指骨骨折提供稳定可靠的内固定.低龄患者的功能恢复明显优于高龄患者,拇指功能恢复明显低于其他四指.指骨骨折术后指关节容易发生僵硬.     

掌指骨骨发育的X线解剖观察

在贵阳市１５００例３月至２２岁健康婴幼儿、儿童、青少年骨发育的研究中，对掌指骨骨发育的Ｘ线解剖进行了观察，提出掌指骨七个部位的骨发育具体指征，将其分为９期，为手腕骨为发育的研究提供Ｘ线解剖基础。     

微型外固定架治疗掌指骨骨折

目的总结应用微型外固定架方式治疗掌指骨骨折的临床效果.方法从2002年1月～2003年8月,采用微型外固定架治疗15例21处掌指骨骨折.术后第2天开始进行功能锻炼.结果术后随访2～7个月,骨折临床愈合时间4.0～10.0周,平均7.2周,无骨折再移位、畸形愈合、固定松动及针道感染等并发症发生,关节功能恢复良好.按照TAM系统评定,优良率达90.5%.结论微型外固定架对掌指骨骨折,尤其是粉碎性骨折或伴有骨缺损者,为一种有效的外固定治疗方法.     

手部掌指骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿的诊断和治疗

目的：分析手部掌指骨的动脉瘤样骨囊肿的临床表现,影像学特点,鉴别诊断和治疗方法与复发率的关系。方法回顾2002年至2012年,我院手外科明确诊断的12例手部掌指骨的动脉瘤样骨囊病例的临床症状、体征,X线和MRI的影像学特点,术中大体特征及肿瘤性状表现,手术方法和植骨特点,手术后复发率等。结果12例中发生部位掌骨8例,指骨4例。年龄和性别无明确特点。临床症状以局部膨胀性改变（10例）和疼痛（6例）为主要特点。X线表现为膨胀性溶骨性病变,晚期可表现为皂泡样和吹气球样骨质破坏。MRI 可显示内部大小不一、信号强弱不等的囊腔和病灶内液平面。手术中可见骨皮质呈暗紫色,皮质膨胀变薄。手术采取高速磨钻刮除植骨（4例）,段截植骨（8例）等方式。术后复发1例。所有病例均经病理检查最后明确诊断。病理检查发现合并巨细胞瘤1例。结论手部掌指骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿临床罕见,临床表现特异性不强,易与其它肿瘤混淆,早期诊断常面临困难,根据病史特点和X线与MRI结合检查可明显提高诊断准确率,使用高速磨钻彻底刮除和瘤段切除植骨是防止复发的关键。     

微型钢板内固定配合中药熏洗治疗掌指骨骨折76例

目的：观察微型钢板内固定配合中药熏洗治疗掌指骨骨折的临床疗效。方法：76例患者均采用微型钢板内固定配合中药熏洗。结果：经治疗后,按TAM标准评定功能：优56例,良7例,优良率82．9％。结论：微型钢板内固定配合中药熏洗治疗掌指骨骨折疗效较好。