微创治疗方法在输尿管上段结石中应用进展

输尿管上段结石为临床中常见泌尿系结石类型之一,如不能及时诊治,可引起重度积水、泌尿系感染,甚至脓毒血症,对患者肾功能、健康造成严重影响。随着微创治疗技术在泌尿系结石中应用,微创治疗方法能降低对患者造成治疗性创伤,降低相关并发症发生率,促进患者康复,了解临床中微创治疗输尿管上段结石方法,对临床中合理治疗输尿管上段结石有重要价值。     

Minimally Invasive Treatments for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

PurposeTo review and to compare indirectly the outcomes of minimally invasive therapies for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia.Materials and MethodsA literature search via Medline and Cochrane Central databases was completed for randomized control studies published between January 2000 to April 2020 for the following therapies: Rezum, Urolift, Aquablation, and prostatic artery embolization (PAE). Data on the following variables were included: International prostate symptom score (IPSS), maximum urinary flow rate, quality of life, and postvoid residual (PVR). Standard mean differences between treatments were compared through a meta-analysis using transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) to assess differences in treatment effect.ResultsThere was no significant difference in outcomes between therapies for IPSS at the 3, 6, and 12-month follow ups. Although outcomes for Rezum were only available out to 3 months, there were no consistently significant differences in outcomes when comparing Aquablation versus PAE versus Rezum. TURP PVR was significantly better than Urolift at 3, 6, and 12 months. No significant differences in minor or major adverse events were noted.ConclusionAlthough significant differences in outcomes were limited, Aquablation and PAE were the most durable at 12 months. PAE has been well studied on multiple randomized control trials with minimal adverse events while Aquablation has limited high quality data and has been associated with bleeding-related complications.     

胃癌微创外科临床研究进展及展望（2000-2020）

目前临床研究已证实腹腔镜胃癌根治术治疗早期胃癌的安全性、可行性和有效性。基于此，第4版日本《胃癌治疗指南》推荐腹腔镜手术治疗临床Ⅰ期远端胃癌。然而，腹腔镜胃癌手术治疗进展期胃癌的有效性和安全性仍存争议。中国腹腔镜胃肠外科研究组（CLASS研究组）发起的CLASS-01研究顺利完成，提供了全球首个局部进展期胃癌腹腔镜手术安全性和疗效的前瞻性多中心证据。胃癌外科的主流方向在从“大切口和扩大化手术切除”逐渐向“微创、精准化手术”转变，以使手术安全性和病人术后生活质量最优化。     

改良大骨瓣联合软通道微创介入逐渐减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的疗效分析

目的：探讨改良大骨瓣联合软通道微创介入逐渐减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的疗效。方法方便选择自2009年12月—2014年11月该院收治的重型颅脑损伤病例70例,随机分为改良组和对照组2组,每组35例,改良组施行改良大骨瓣联合软通道微创介入逐渐减压术,对照组按标准大骨瓣开颅、硬脑膜一次性全切开,对比分析两组的并发症发生率及预后。结果改良组发生迟发性颅内血肿、大面积脑梗塞及弥漫性脑肿胀等并发症9例(25.7％,9/35),预后良好者23例(65.7％,23/35),对照组发生并发症19例(54.3％,19/35),预后良好者14例(40.0％,14/35),两组并发症发生率和预后差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论改良大骨瓣联合软通道微创介入逐渐减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤,效果良好,显著降低死亡率。     

Comparison of outcomes between minimally invasive and median sternotomy for double and triple valve surgery: A meta-analysis

Background

Limited data exists demonstrating the efficacy of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) compared to median sternotomy (MS) for multiple valvular disease (MVD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare operative and peri-operative outcomes of MIS vs MS in MVD.

Methods

PubMed, Ovid, and Embase were searched from inception until August 2019 for randomized and observational studies comparing MIS and MS in patients with MVD. Clinical outcomes of intra- and postoperative times, reoperation for bleeding and surgical site infection were evaluated.

Results

Five observational studies comparing 340 MIS vs 414 MS patients were eligible for qualitative and quantitative review. The quality of evidence assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale was good for all included studies. Meta-analysis demonstrated increased cardiopulmonary bypass time for MIS patients (weighted mean difference [WMD], 0.487; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.365-0.608; P < .0001). Similarly, aortic cross-clamp time was longer in patients undergoing MIS (WMD, 0.632; 95% CI, 0.509-0.755; P < .0001). No differences were found in operative mortality, reoperation for bleeding, surgical site infection, or hospital stay.

Conclusions

MIS for MVD have similar short-term outcomes compared to MS. This adds value to the use of minimally invasive methods for multivalvular surgery, despite conferring longer operative times. However, the paucity in literature and learning curve associated with MIS warrants further evidence, ideally randomized control trials, to support these findings.

     

经自然腔道取标本手术在结直肠外科手术中的应用进展

随着腔镜技术的进一步发展以及微创理念应用于结直肠外科疾病的诊治中,结直肠相关疾病的诊治发生了翻天覆地的变化。由传统的经腹手术到腹腔镜手术、经自然腔道手术,再到经自然腔道取标本手术(NOSES),结直肠疾病的外科诊治在微创领域取得了巨大成果。NOSES技术是目前结直肠外科在微创领域前沿的手术方式之一,它通过经直肠、阴道取标本来避免了腹壁的辅助取标本切口,从而将结直肠外科手术进一步微创化。NOSES技术集传统腹腔镜手术的优势与现代微创外科的理念于一体,它在确保手术效果的基础上集中体现了微创、加速康复外科、功能外科、"无疤"等理念的特点。本文主要就国内外各中心开展NOSES技术在结直肠外科诊治开展中的相关经验、心得和体会进行综述。     

从TaTME发展看直肠癌微创外科治疗进步

随着科学技术的进步和对疾病本身认识的深入，直肠癌的外科治疗从局部切除到全直肠系膜切除（TME），从开放手术到腹腔镜手术，再从腹腔镜手术到机器人手术，目前已经进入微创时代。在此时代背景下，经肛门全直肠系膜切除（TaTME） 应运而生。正如TME的提出者Heald所言：“TaTME是近30年直肠癌外科治疗技术的集大成者”，其发展的每一个阶段都有很强的代表性，已成为直肠癌微创外科治疗技术进步发展的一个缩影。     

美国胃肠病协会关于急性胰腺炎胰腺坏死处理临床实践专家共识更新解读

美国胃肠病协会（AGA）于2019年8月在Gastroenterology（《胃肠病学》）杂志上发表了针对胰腺坏死处理的临床实践专家共识的更新，归纳并总结了当前的临床证据与专家意见，旨在为胰腺坏死这一复杂临床情况的最佳干预提供指导建议。近年来，随着临床实践的不断深入，急性胰腺炎胰腺坏死的处理经历了较大的变革。从一开始的以手术为主的清创策略过渡到现阶段较为成熟的升阶梯治疗模式。针对胰腺坏死的治疗主要包含两个方面：非手术治疗和有创干预。其中，非手术治疗主要包括抗菌治疗和营养支持等。一旦坏死组织发生感染或无菌性坏死使病人产生显著临床症状，提示有强烈干预指征时，此时更多地依赖于有创干预。升阶梯治疗模式的主要内容为：以经皮引流或透壁内镜引流为首要手段，对于引流无法处理的大量固体坏死，可进行经皮微创或经内镜下坏死清除，若微创手段干预无效可进行开放手术清创。关于选择经皮微创阶梯治疗还是经内镜阶梯治疗，目前尚无研究显示两者之间对病死率等主要临床结局产生影响，不同治疗中心可根据各中心的专业特长和医疗资源，合理选择治疗方案。     

经皮椎弓根技术治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床探讨

目的:探讨微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定手术治疗胸腰椎骨折的可行性及其疗效。方法:20例胸腰椎骨折病例,男13例,女7例;年龄28~65岁,平均48·2岁。其中16例损伤平面以下无神经功能损害、无双下肢和大小便障碍;4例有不同程度的脊髓损伤,按Frankel分级:C级1例,D级3例。在C形臂X线的定位下确定需要固定的椎弓根根部,做4个1·5cm长的切口,固定与复位均在4个小切口内完成。结果:所有病例均获随访,时间9~18个月,平均15个月。术后患者椎体高度均有不同程度恢复,椎体后凸畸形获得不同程度矫正。手术时间约1·5h,出血量约80ml。结论:微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定手术操作简便、安全可靠,具有创伤小、出血少、疼痛轻、恢复快、住院时间短等优点。     

成人腰椎峡部裂型滑脱症的微创治疗

Objective To investigate the clinical experiences and technical skills of adult isthmic spondylolisthesis. Methods Twenty-one patients with adult isthmic spondylolisthesis underwent minimally invasive surgery. There were 12 men and 9 women, with the mean age of 51.7 years. Isthmic spondylolisthe-sis occurred at the L4.5 in 7 patients, and at the L5S1 in 14 patients. According to Meyerding classification, 13 cases were of Grade Ⅰ, 7 of Grade Ⅱ, 1 of Grade Ⅲ. Under general anesthesia, guiding by fluoroscopy, the surgeries performed minimally invasive microendoscopic(METRx) techniques for posterior decompression, interbody cage fusion and novel Sextant-R percutaneous pedicle screw techniques for deformity reduction and fixation. Results Seventeen cases were followed up 1 year postoperatively. The average low back pain VAS reduced from preoperative 6.0±2.6 to postoperative 2.9±2.5. The average leg pain VAS decreased from preoperative 6.7±3.3 to postoperative 2.8±1.6. The average ODI decreased from preoperative 44.3% to post-operative 27.1%. The Nakai good and excellent rate was 90%. The mean operative time 170 min, blood loss 160 ml, and postoperative stay in bed 7.5 d. The sagittal spondylolisthesis rate significantly decreased from preoperative 35.5%±2.5% to postoperative 8.3%±7.5%. The lordotic angle from preoperative 11.5°±1.7° in-creased to postoperative 16.8°±9.5°; the intervertebral disc height from preoperative (5.4±2.5) mm increased to postoperative (9.1±3.0) mm. According to Lenke judgement for fusion, complete fusion rate was 76%, in-complete fusion rate was 12%, nonfusion rate was 12%. Conclusion The minimally invasive microendo-scopic (METRx) assisted with a novel Sextant-R percutaneous pedicle screw systems for deformity reduction and fixation to treat adult isthmic spondylolisthesis, is not only a minimally invasive and safe surgical tech-nique, also an effective treatment for deformity reduction and fixation.