冻干人硬脑膜用于修补硬脑膜缺损和血管内栓塞治疗的临床观察

目的：探讨用冻干人硬脑膜行硬脑膜成硬脊膜缺损修补和血管内栓塞治疗的效果。方法：用冻干人硬脑膜修补因脑肿瘤、脑外伤、脊髓内肿瘤手术引起的硬脑膜或硬脊膜缺损,并不同规格的的冻干人硬脑膜微粒或微丝行靶血管栓塞。结果：（１）冻干人硬脑膜用于硬脑或硬脊膜缺损修补患者２２９例,无颅仙感染等并发症,用于血管内栓塞靶血管２８例,可明显减少或闭塞颅内肿瘤的血供。结论：冻干人厝脑膜是一种较为理想的硬脑膜缺损修补和血管     

海生素冻干粉的质量控制及HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的 建立海生素冻干粉的质量控制方法及其高效液相指纹图谱。方法 用茚三酮反应和双缩脲反应对海生素冻干粉进行鉴别；用氮测定法测定海生素冻干粉中的氮含量，并用高效液相色谱法建立海生素冻干粉的高效液相指纹图谱。结果 茚三酮反应和双缩脲反应呈阳性，海生素冻干粉中氮含量不低于6．0％，且各批次间样品的指纹图谱一致，冻干粉质量稳定。结论 建立的方法分析快速、准确，可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

The vial kit formulation for preparation of no‐carrier‐added 131I‐MIBG

We have developed a new set of lyophilized kits, composed of 3 different kits, for the instant preparation of no‐carrier‐added ¹³¹I‐MIBG in the clinic. We here discussed the formulation of the kits, optimization of radiolabelling, quality control of radiolabeled ¹³¹I‐MIBG, and studies of animal biodistribution. The no‐carrier‐added (nca) ¹³¹I‐MIBG injection could be prepared within 30 minutes in the clinic with the help of the lyophilized kits. The radiochemical purity and specific activity (SA) could achieve above 98% and 6700 MBq/mg, respectively.     

Optimization and evaluation of lyophilized fenofibrate nanoparticles with enhanced oral bioavailability and efficacy

Abstract

The objective of this study was to enhance physiochemical properties as well as oral bioavailability of the poorly water soluble drug fenofibrate (FB), through preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). ASDs were prepared via freeze drying using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K30 and poloxamer 188 as hydrophilic carriers. Formulations were optimized by 3² full factorial design (FFD) with PVP-K30 level (X₁) and poloxamer 188 level (X₂) as independent variables and particle size (Y₁), zeta potential (Y₂), drug content (Y₃) and dissolution rate (T90, [Y₄]) as dependent variables. Optimized FB nanoparticles were physicochemically evaluated and formulated into lyophilized sublingual tablets. Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics and histological finding of optimized formulation were performed on rabbits. Y₁ and Y₄ were significantly affected by independent variables while Y₂ and Y₃ were not affected. Physicochemical characterization showed the drug was in amorphous state, nanometer range and pharmacophore of FB was preserved. Administration of optimized FB tablets to rabbits with fatty liver led to significant reduction (p?<?0.001) in serum lipids. Moreover, histological analysis of liver specimens confirmed the improved efficacy in animals with fatty liver. In this study, we confirmed that ASDs of FB had beneficial effects on managing fatty liver and serum lipids level in hyperlipidemic rabbits.     

注射用益气复脉(冻干)安全性评价

目的 通过豚鼠离体回肠模型及小鼠类致敏实验评价注射用益气复脉（冻干,YQFM）的安全性。方法 建立豚鼠离体回肠模型,依次考察0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.2、1.4、1.6 mg/mL质量浓度的YQFM对静息离体肠、乙酰胆碱（Ach）及组胺（His）诱导的离体肠收缩的抑制率;雄性ICR小鼠随机分为阴性对照组,阳性对照组（C48/80,25 mg/kg）,YQFM低、高剂量（780、3 135 mg/kg,分别为临床等效剂量的0.85和3.43倍）组,分为尾iv含0.4%伊文思蓝（EB）的药液及不含0.4% EB的药液两部分进行体内类致敏反应实验,依次比较各组小鼠耳廓蓝染情况;ELISA法测定血清中His和5-羟色胺（5-HT）的含量;并对耳、肺组织进行HE染色及病理检查。结果 体外实验显示,YQFM既能够抑制离体肠的自主收缩,又能抑制Ach和His导致的离体肠痉挛;体内实验表明,YQFM低剂量组耳廓蓝染率,His、5-HT含量均在正常范围,组织病理检查未见明显异常;3.43倍临床等效剂量时耳廓蓝染率,His、5-HT含量略高,病理结果见轻微炎症反应。结论 YQFM的安全性基本良好,临床使用时需对使用剂量稍加注意,以防轻微不良反应发生。     

Development of a novel quantitative real‐time PCR assay with lyophilized powder reagent to detect African swine fever virus in blood samples of domestic pigs in China

African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating disease, which is causing huge economic losses in China. Therefore, it is urgent to provide a rapid, highly specific and sensitive diagnostic method for the detection of African swine fever virus (ASFV), the ASF infectious agent. In this study, a novel quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay with lyophilized powder reagents (LPR), targeting the major structural protein p72 gene, was established for the detection of ASFV. This assay had many advantages, such as saving time and money, good sensitivity and repeatability. The sensitivity of this assay was 100 copies/μl of ASFV plasmid templates, and the assay showed 10‐fold greater sensitivity than a qPCR assay recommended by OIE. Furthermore, specificity analysis showed that qPCR with LPR for ASFV had no cross‐reactivity with other important swine pathogens. In clinical diagnoses of 218 blood samples of domestic pigs in China, the positive rate of the diagnosis of ASFV by qPCR with the LPR and commercial kit reached 80.73% (176/218) and 76.61% (167/218) respectively. The coincidence rate between the two assays is 92.20% (201/218), and kappa value is 0.768 (p < .0001) by SPSS analysis. The overall agreement between the two assays was 95.87% (209/218). Further Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between the two assays with an R² value of 0.9438. The entire procedure, from specimen processing to result reporting, can be completed within 2 hr. Our results demonstrated that the qPCR‐LPR assay is a good laboratory diagnostic tool for sensitive and efficient detection of ASFV.     

Photolytic Labeling and Its Applications in Protein Drug Discovery and Development

In this mini-review, the major types of photolytic labeling reagents are presented together with their reaction mechanisms. The applications of photolytic labeling in protein drug discovery and development are then discussed; these have expanded from studies of protein-protein interactions in vivo to protein-matrix interactions in lyophilized solids. The mini-review concludes with recommendations for further development of the approach, which include the need for new and more chemically diverse photo-reactive reagents and better understanding of the mechanisms of photolytic labeling reactions in various media.     

蛹虫草液体发酵产物冻干粉的抗氧化活性及保肝作用

目的研究蛹虫草液体发酵产物冻干粉的抗氧化活性及保肝作用。方法采用真空冷冻干燥的方法将蛹虫草液体发酵产物制成干粉并对冻干粉主要成分进行分析测定,通过DPPH自由基清除实验和衰老小鼠模型验证蛹虫草发酵产物冻干粉的抗氧化活性,通过小鼠急性肝损伤实验研究冻干粉的保肝作用,采用急性毒性试验验证冻干粉的安全性。结果蛹虫草发酵产物冻干粉含丰富的粗纤维、粗多糖、粗三萜及黄酮类物质。蛹虫草发酵产物冻干粉对DPPH自由基的半数有效浓度（EC50）为8．12mg／mL,在16mg／mL时对DPPH自由基的清除率为61．56％,与0．02mg／mL的维生素C（Vc）清除能力相当;蛹虫草发酵产物能显著提高衰老模型小鼠血清和肝脏中的总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-px）活力水平,降低丙二醛（MDA）含量,高剂量组的抗衰老效果与阳性药Vc组的抗氧化能力相当。小鼠急性肝损伤试验结果显示,冻干粉能有效降低模型组小鼠血液中门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）与丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）水平（P〈0．05）。冻干粉的半数致死量（LD50）远大于国家无毒标准15g／kg,属于无毒级别。结论蛹虫草发酵产物具有良好的抗氧化活性和保肝作用,且安全无毒。     

红花黄色素冻干粉针剂与红花黄色素滴注液治疗冠心病心绞痛(心血瘀阻证)的临床非劣性试验

目的　评价红花黄色素冻干粉针剂与红花黄色素滴注液治疗冠心病心绞痛(心血瘀阻证)的有效性和安全性,并与阳性对照药丹参注射液作非劣性分析。方法　选择每周心绞痛发作2次以上的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级稳定型劳累性心绞痛者784例进行分层分段随机、盲法、同一阳性药对照、五组平行、多中心的非劣性临床试验,其中试验组1纳入224例,采用红花黄色素冻干粉剂80mg+ 0 9%NS250ml静滴,每日1次;试验组2纳入112例,采用红花黄色素冻干粉针剂160mg+ 0 9% NS250ml静滴,每日1次;试验组3纳入112例,采用红花黄色素滴注液200ml(160mg)静滴,每日1次;试验组4纳入224例,采用红花黄色素滴注液100ml(80mg)静滴,每日1次。对照组纳入112例,给予丹参注射液20ml+ 0 .9% NS250ml静滴,每日1次。治疗14天后,评价各试验组及其对照组的临床有效性和安全性。结果　治疗心绞痛疗效(PP数据):试验组1~4与对照组相比,其显效率为分别为53 .27%、69 .44%、70. 09%、55. 09%和26. 00%,总有效率分别为88 .79%、92 .59%、93. 46%、89 .81%和73. 00%。试验组1与试验组2比较、试验组3与试验组4比较、试验组1~4分别与对照组比较,其差异均有统计意义(P<0 .05),试验组2的疗效优于试验组1,试验组3的疗效优于试验组4, 4个试验组的疗效均优于对照组,非劣性检验合格     

冻干血小板对大鼠难愈合创伤模型的实验治疗

血小板含有20多种生长因子,对于创伤尤其是难愈性创伤具有治疗作用。本研究以糖尿病SD大鼠为基础,建立了一种难愈合创口模型,用于评价冻干血小板对难愈性创伤修复的治疗作用。采用链脲佐菌素(Streptozotocin,STZ)65mg/kg对大鼠腹腔注射制备糖尿病模型。取正常大鼠10只,糖尿病大鼠20只,将其分为正常对照组(NDR)、糖尿病对照组(DR)和冰冻干燥血小板治疗组(TLP);在各组大鼠背部造成直径2cm圆形创面,分别于第l、3、5、7、12天进行创面照相和透明膜描计法计算创面愈合速度。结果显示,注射STZ72小时后糖尿病组血糖明显高于16.7mmol/L。1周后糖尿病大鼠体重与正常对照组比较明显减轻(p<0.05)。糖尿病对照组创口的愈合速度在各个时间点均低于正常对照组创口(p<0.05),冰冻干燥血小板治疗组创口愈合速度显著快于糖尿病对照组。第12天时,正常对照组和治疗组创口再上皮化率分别达到88.1%和81.8%,而糖尿病组只有62.8%。结论 :以链脲佐菌素建立的糖尿病大鼠能成功制备难愈合创口模型,冰冻干燥血小板对该难愈性创伤模型具有治疗作用。