Translocation t(6;14) as the Sole Chromosomal Abnormality in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Base of Tongue

We present an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the base of tongue in a 48-year-old male with a restricted chromosomal alteration by cytogenetic and spectral karyotypic analysis (SKY). SKY and G-banding analyses identified the t(6;14)(q25;q13) as the sole structural aberration in all metaphases analyzed. This finding supports a critical role for this event in the development of this tumor. The implications of chromosome 6q translocation in this case and in previously reported adenoid cystic carcinomas are highlighted and discussed.     

Male pseudohermaphrodite with persistent Mullerian duct: A radiologist’s and patient’s dilemma alike

This case study highlights that how a disorder of sexual development when goes unnoticed at birth and unreported during childhood or adolescence can present with major problems and even complications in adulthood. Since our patient was young and in a childbearing age, he presented with bilateral undescended testes and orgasmic anejaculation when he first came to the hospital. Subsequently, having a normal 46XY karyotype but remnants of persistent Mullerian duct made him little confused about his identity. After giving him the confidence, that he was still a male and could lead the life he did previously, the explanation about future risk of malignancy in the intra-abdominal testes was another difficult task. Early detection and management of male pseudohermaphroditism with persistent Mullerian duct requires a co-ordinated approach of a team of endocrinologist, physician, surgeon and radiologist. Integrated imaging in the form of ultrasound, genitography and MRI is important in demonstrating the anatomy, classification, possible effects or congenital malformations in other organs, warning patients of any risk of neoplasia and guiding the clinician to plan other investigations, hormonal replacement or reconstruction surgery if required. Such a systemic approach that allays anxiety and gives psychological relief to the patient should be taken as it can deeply change the life of a person and their family.     

耐药肺腺癌细胞株A549/CDDP生物学特性及染色体核型分析

目的 建立氯氨顺铂诱导肺腺癌耐药细胞株A549／CDDP。分析A549／CDDP生物学特性及染色体核型，为肺腺癌的治疗提供实验依据。方法 采用氯氨顺铂（Cis—diaminodichloroplatin，CDDP）大剂量冲击加逐步诱导法建立肺腺癌耐药细胞株A549／CDDP，MTT法检测细胞耐药指数．生物发光法测定细胞能量代谢，流式细胞仪测试细胞周期，染色体G显带技术和光谱核型分析（spectral karyotyping，SKY）技术分析染色体变化。结果 MTT检测结果表明。A549／CDDP对7种不同的化疗药物表现了不同的耐药性，其ATP、ADP、AMP含量显著降低，细胞周期无明显变化。G显带结果表明A549／CDDP染色体为亚三倍体，SKY分析出现数条衍生染色体。结论 CDDP可以成功诱导肺腺癌耐药细胞株A549／CDDP，A549／CDDP衍生染色体可能与肺腺癌耐药有关。     

基因组拷贝数变异测序与染色体核型分析在胎儿遗传学诊断中的比较

目的 比较基因组拷贝数变异测序(CNV-seq)技术和染色体核型分析和在产前胎儿遗传学诊断中的应用价值.方法 收集来我院有产前诊断指征进行羊水穿刺的259例孕妇,取材后,送检染色体核型分析和CNV-seq,比较两种方法在产前诊断中的优缺点.结果 259例标本中,共诊断异常染色体核型及微缺失微重复23例,总阳性诊断率8....     

237例孕妇羊水细胞染色体遗传分析

目的：分析孕妇羊水细胞染色体异常情况及其与产前诊断各指征之间的联系,探讨羊水细胞染色体核型检查在产前诊断中的作用。方法通过细胞遗传学方法,对237例具有产前诊断指征的孕妇进行羊水细胞培养,并分析其染色体核型。结果237例孕妇羊水培养成功率98.73%（234例）。检出异常核型11例(4.7%),其中数目异常占异常核型的54.55%（6例）,以三体型为主,结构异常占异常核型的36.36%（4例）。在各项产前指征中,B超检查异常和高龄孕妇受检人数最多,超声指标异常的染色体核型异常检出率最高（8.06%）,与其他组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论羊水细胞的染色体核型分析能够有效地对胎儿染色异常进行诊断,是进行产前遗传诊断的有效手段。     

Molecular karyotyping in patients with mental retardation using 100K single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays

Background

Using array techniques, it was recently shown that about 10% of patients with mental retardation of unknown origin harbour cryptic chromosomal aneusomies. However, data analysis is currently not standardised and little is known about its sensitivity and specificity.

Methods

We have developed an electronic data analysis tool for gene‐mapping SNP arrays, a software tool that we call Copy Number Variation Finder (CNVF). Using CNVF, we analysed 104 unselected patients with mental retardation of unknown origin with a genechip mapping 100K SNP array and established an optimised set of analysis parameters.

Results

We detected deletions as small as 20 kb when covered by at least three single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and duplications as small as 150 kb when covered by at least six SNPs, with only one false‐positive signal in six patients. In 9.1% of patients, we detected apparently disease‐causing or de novo aberrations ranging in size from 0.4 to 14 Mb. Morphological anomalies in patients with de novo aberrations were equal to that of unselected patients when measured with de Vries score.

Conclusion

Our standardised CNVF data analysis tool is easy to use and has high sensitivity and specificity. As some genomic regions are covered more densely than others, the genome‐wide resolution of the 100K array is about 400–500 kb for deletions and 900–1000 kb for duplications. The detection rate of about 10% of de novo aberrations is independent of selection of patients for particular features. The incidental finding in two patients of heterozygosity for the 250 kb recurrent deletion at the NPH1 locus, associated with autosomal recessive juvenile nephronophthisis, which was inherited from a healthy parent, highlights the fact that inherited aberrations might be disease‐related even though not causal for mental retardation.     

Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of three chromosomal abnormalities with favorable outcomes

ObjectiveHere we present three cases of chromosomal abnormalities with favorable outcomes.Case reportIn Case 1, conventional karyotyping revealed a karyotype of 46, XY,t(7; 14) (q35; q13)[4]/46,XY[26]. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis revealed no genomic imbalance. In Case 2, conventional karyotyping revealed a norma karyotype but aCGH analysis revealed a 3.2M chromosomal duplication (13q12.11q12.12(22, 073, 046_25, 230, 759)x3). In Case 3, aCGH analysis revealed a 5.5M chromosomal deletion (9q21.13q21.32 (78, 645, 382_84, 115, 555) x1). In all three cases, ultrasound examination showed no dysmorphisms and intrauterine growth restrictions (IUGRs) in the fetus. All three pregnancies resulted in phenotypically normal babies.ConclusionChromosomal abnormalities may be associated with favorable outcomes. Combining conventional karyotyping, aCGH analysis and ultrasound results can provide a more accurate risk assessment for pregnant women with advanced age.