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1.
A number of cross-over studies on sedation in outpatient oral surgery investigated the quality of sedation produced by intravenous or rectal administration of diazepam. The sedation methods were equally efficient with a mean dose of 0.24 mg/kg (range 0.1–0.4) for i.v. administration and 0.53 mg/kg (range 0.5–0.6) for rectal administration. Eighty-five percent of the patients preferred surgery under sedation and local anaesthesia to local anaesthesia alone. The patients preferred the session in which they experienced stronger sedation, regardless of the route of administration. 相似文献
2.
Summary A randomised, comparative study is reported of single intravenous doses of cephradine 2 g or cefuroxime 1.5 g given as prophylactic cover for total hip replacements in 40 patients. The serum and bone levels of cephalosporin achieved were higher in the cephradine treated group in proportion to the higher dose employed. Both agents provided adequate bone levels on average, cephradine 25.34 mcg/g, cefuroxime 17.39 mcg/g, although bone penetration was more variable with cefuroxime.
Résumé Dans cette étude comparative randomisée, 40 patients ont reçu une dose intraveineuse unique de 2 g de céphradine ou de 1,5 g de céfuroxime en tant que couverture prophylactique d'arthroplastie totale de hanche. Les concentrations sériques et osseuses de céphalosporine ont été plus élevées dans le groupe traité par la céphradine, en rapport avec l'utilisation d'une dose plus importante. Des concentrations osseuses adéquates ont été obtenues en moyenne avec les deux produits (25,34 mcg/g avec la céphradine et 17,39 mcg/g avec le céfuroxime) bien que la pénétration osseuse ait été plus variable avec le céfuroxime.相似文献
3.
AIMS: To determine the morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs of intravenous drug-abusing patients with Type 1 diabetes (IVDA-DM), who are admitted to hospital. METHODS: Retrospective case note analysis of admissions, complications and cost estimation over a 6-year period. Each drug-abusing patient (IVDA-DM) (n = 9) was compared with two controls (n = 18) with Type 1 diabetes but without a history of intravenous drug abuse (DM-controls). Admissions were also analysed for patients with intravenous drug abuse, but without Type 1 diabetes (IVDA-controls) (n = 198). Admissions were at a University teaching hospital in Liverpool, UK. DM-controls were drawn from a population attending diabetes outpatient clinics between 1997 and 2002 at the same hospital. The main outcome measures were: the duration and healthcare costs of hospital admissions per year, outpatient attendances per year, glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)), weight, micro- and macrovascular complications and mortality. RESULTS: Multiple admissions, mainly related to ketoacidosis, led to marked differences in mean (95% CI) inpatient days per year per patient [IVDA-DM 28.1 (13.6-42.7) vs. DM-control 1.1 (0.2-1.9); P < 0.0001], mean inpatient days per year per patient in critical care bed (IVDA-DM 1.7 (-0.7-4.2) vs. DM-control 0; P < 0.02) and mean costs of admission, per patient per year (pound sterling 7320 vs. pound sterling 230). The IVDA-DM group frequently omitted insulin, were underweight, failed to attend as outpatients and five had died by the end of 2002. The IVDA-controls spent considerably less time in hospital [3.4 (2.8-3.9) days per patient per year]. CONCLUSION: IVDA-DM patients have higher rates of diabetes complications, are admitted more frequently and have a high mortality compared with DM and IVDA-controls. The cost of inpatient care of this small group of patients was considerable. 相似文献
4.
A total intravenous technique using propofol and alfentanil was used successfully in four battlefield casualties treated at a British Military Field Hospital during the recent Gulf conflict. All patients made a rapid recovery of adequate quality for prompt evacuation. We believe that the use of propofol and alfentanil as an induction and maintenance regimen for military anaesthesia merits further evaluation and comparison with established techniques. 相似文献
5.
黄芪注射液对冠心病病人心电图的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的:观察黄芪注射液对冠心病病人心电图的影响。方法:冠心病60例(男性45例,女性15例,年龄54±s13a),采用黄芪注射液20mL+5%葡萄糖氯化钠注射液250mL,静脉滴注,qd,连用2wk。结果:治疗后心电图Ptf-V1绝对值减小,缺血型ST-T明显改善。结论:黄芪注射液能明显改善冠心病心肌缺血之ST-T改变及左心功能不全所致的Ptf-V1负值增大。 相似文献
6.
H. J. SPARR C. LEO E. LADNER E. DEUSCH H. BAUMGARTNER 《Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica》1997,41(10):1300-1307
Background : The study aimed to assess the relative influence of anaesthesia and muscle relaxation on intubating conditions and the haemodynamic and catecholamine responses to tracheal intubation.
Methods : Sixty ASA 1 or 2 patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups (15 patients each) that differed in the depth of anaesthesia (thiopentone plus fentanyl 2.5 μg kg-1 or thiopentone alone) and the degree of vecuronium–induced neuromuscular block (100% or _>: 65%) at intubation. Muscle relaxation was measured at 0.1 Hz by means of mechanomyography. Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were measured before and after induction of anaesthesia, and 1 min and 5 min following intubation, while adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline concentrations (NA) were determined from arterial blood samples.
Results : Intubating conditions were improved primarily by providing complete muscle relaxation at the adductor pollicis muscle (P<0.001) and to a lesser extent by adding fentanyl to thiopentone (P=0.04). The response of HR and MAP to tracheal intubation was attenuated mainly by fentanyl (P<0.001). Complete muscle relaxation further diminished the response of MAP to intubation (P=0.03). Changes in A and NA were dependent on the depth of anaesthesia only (P =>0.01).
Conclusion : The results of the study demonstrate that the sympathoadrenal response to intubation is attenuated by adding fentanyl (2.5 kg-1 ) to an induction regimen with thiopentone, whereas provision of complete muscle relaxation at the adductor pollicis muscle is necessary to attain smooth intubating conditions. 相似文献
Methods : Sixty ASA 1 or 2 patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups (15 patients each) that differed in the depth of anaesthesia (thiopentone plus fentanyl 2.5 μg kg
Results : Intubating conditions were improved primarily by providing complete muscle relaxation at the adductor pollicis muscle (P<0.001) and to a lesser extent by adding fentanyl to thiopentone (P=0.04). The response of HR and MAP to tracheal intubation was attenuated mainly by fentanyl (P<0.001). Complete muscle relaxation further diminished the response of MAP to intubation (P=0.03). Changes in A and NA were dependent on the depth of anaesthesia only (P =>0.01).
Conclusion : The results of the study demonstrate that the sympathoadrenal response to intubation is attenuated by adding fentanyl (2.5 kg
7.
8.
In a sample of 55 consecutive methadone maintenance admissions to our clinic, 42% were diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) using the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule NIMH DIS. Individuals with ASPD exhibited greater risk for HIV infection as defined by more sexual contacts, needle use and equipment sharing. Data at 1 year follow-up were obtained on this group of patients. The objective was to compare the ASPD and non-ASPD groups with regards to demographics, drug abuse history, outcome and retention in treatment. There were no significant differences between the groups on any demographic or treatment outcome variables. Survival analysis indicated that there were no group differences in treatment retention. In conclusion, although there were no differences in treatment outcome between ASPD and non-ASPD groups it is possible that ASPD patients who drop out of treatment will be at higher risk for contracting and spreading HIV within the IV drug using population. These data also suggest that in this population the diagnosis of ASPD using primarily behavioral traits as measured in the NIMH-DIS-III, has little utility in predicting treatment outcome. 相似文献
9.
H A Saadah 《Headache》1992,32(3):143-146
Over two years, 92 patients were treated in the office for 146 severe headache episodes. Headaches were aborted using four different intravenous regimens containing 0.5 or 1 mg. of dihydroergotamine and 3.5, 5, or 10 mg. of prochlorperazine. The speed and rate of response were directly proportional to the prochlorperazine dose used. High prochlorperazine doses (10 mg.) aborted the most headaches (95%) in the shortest time, but caused more sedation and akathesia. Low doses (3.5 mg.) aborted less headaches (89%) and responses were delayed; but, on the other hand, sedation was minimal and akathesia mild and uncommon. Dihydroergotamine given alone caused intolerable side effects; but, when it was given with prochlorperazine, efficacy was enhanced and side effects were greatly reduced. Aborting headaches in the office can be reliably achieved with minimal side effects by administering an intravenous mixture containing 1 mg. of dihydroergotamine and 3.5 mg. of prochlorperazine. 相似文献
10.
The induction characteristics of thiopentone, etomidate and methohexitone have been compared to those of propofol (2,6 di-isopropyl phenol) in unpremedicated patients. Propofol 2.5 mg/kg caused significantly more hypotension, excitatory side effects and pain on injection at the dorsum of hand than thiopentone 5 mg/kg. However, with regard to the latter two sequelae, etomidate 0.3 mg/kg and methohexitone 1.5 mg/kg caused similar or more frequent upset. Propofol 2.0 mg/kg was equipotent with thiopentone 4.0 mg/kg in terms of successful induction of anaesthesia. Hypotension may contraindicate the use of propofol in the hypovolaemic or unfit patient. 相似文献