妊娠对大鼠吸入性全麻药血/气分配系数和组织/气分配系数的影响

目的 观察妊娠对大鼠吸人性全麻药血，气分配系数及组织，气分配系数的影响。方法 健康成年（3月龄）雌性妊娠（妊娠18—22d）和非妊娠SD大鼠各10只，分别为妊娠组和非妊娠组。腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠40mg／kg麻醉，经腹主动脉抽血用于测血，气分配系数，放血处死后，分别取心、肝、肾及脑组织并制成匀浆，采用注射器顶空二次平衡法经气相色谱仪测定七氟醚、异氟醚和氟烷的血，气分配系数及组织，气分配系数。结果与非妊娠组相比，妊娠组氟烷的血，气分配系数和脑，气分配系数降低（P〈0．05），七氟醚、异氟醚的血，气分配系数、肝，气分配系数、肾，气分配系数、心，气分配系数差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论 妊娠降低大鼠氟烷的血，气配系数和脑，气分配系数，但不影响七氟醚和异氟醚的血，气分配系数和组织，气分配系数。     

分瓶法测定果蝇吸入麻醉药半数麻醉有效浓度

目的　建立测定果蝇吸入麻醉药半数麻醉有效浓度 (ED50 )的方法学。方法　在 11个 32 5ml的三角烧瓶中各放入 30只雄性果蝇 ,分别加入不同容量的异氟醚标准气 ,使 11个烧瓶中异氟醚浓度分布在零效应浓度与百分之百效应浓度之间。以果蝇失去附壁及运动能力为标准计算各瓶中被麻醉果蝇数 ,用正规法计算出ED50 。结果　 11次实验在 2 5及 5 0min时的量 -效关系曲线均呈S形 ,用各自的对数浓度与概率单位作图都呈直线相关 ,相关系数分别为 0 .972± 0 .0 14和 0 .971± 0 .0 2 5 ,ED50 值分别为 (0 .5 1± 0 .0 6 8) %和 (0 .4 7± 0 .0 85 ) % ,变异系数分别为 13.3%和 18.0 %。结论　本法稳定性较好 ,实用可行     

备劳特联合爱喘乐雾化吸入治疗儿童哮喘急性发作的疗效观察

目的 :观察氧雾化吸入备劳特和爱喘乐治疗儿童哮喘急性发作的疗效。方法 :选择 15 8例哮喘急性发作患儿作为研究对象 ,分为观察组和对照组。观察组采用氧驱动雾化吸入备劳特和爱喘乐 ;对照组静脉滴注氨茶碱和地塞米松。结果 :观察组显效率 87.3% (96 /110 ) ,总有效率 99.1% (10 9/110 ) ,临床治愈率 94 .5 % (10 4 /110 ) ;对照组显效率 2 2 .9% (11/48) ,总有效率 6 0 .4 % (2 9/48) ,临床治愈率 5 4 .2 % (2 6 /48)。观察组显效率、总有效率及临床治愈率皆显著高于对照组 ,差异有高度统计意义 (P <0 .0 1)。观察组治疗后心率较治疗前明显下降 ,差异有统计意义(P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :采用氧驱动雾化吸入备劳特和爱喘乐能快速、有效地控制哮喘发作。     

Moving beyond empiric continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) trials for central sleep apnea: a multi-modality titration study

There is no universally accepted method to determine effective therapy for central sleep apnea (CSA). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) applied acutely most often does not eliminate apneas and hypopneas. We hypothesized that the application of two or more therapeutic modalities after the diagnostic phase of polysomnography, a multi-modality titration study (MMTS), would identify a successful CSA treatment more often than a standard split-night study (SNS) and obviate the need for additional polysomnograms to determine a successful therapy. We retrospectively analyzed polysomnograms of patients diagnosed with CSA at our Sleep Disorders Center. We defined a therapy trial that resulted in an apnea–hypopnea index < 10 with at least one treatment modality as a therapeutic success. One hundred fifteen patients with CSA were studied. Sixty-six patients (57.4%) underwent a SNS, and 49 patients (42.6%) underwent a MMTS. SNS yielded only 8/66 (12.1%) successes on the first night, whereas a MMTS yielded 19/49 (38.8%) successes (p = 0.001, two-tailed Fishers exact). Patients who underwent a SNS eventually had similar rate of success as patients studied with MMTS (60.6 vs 63.3%, NS), but required more testing. Adaptive servo-ventilation was the most successful modality tested, yielding 36/46 (78.3%) successes. Trials of additional modalities following a failed trial of CPAP often produce a successful option that may guide therapy in patients with CSA. This approach may lead to establishing the diagnosis and treatment plans faster, while reducing unnecessary testing.     

全身麻醉药物对学习记忆功能的影响

全身麻醉药物通过对中枢多种神经递质和受体系统的影响，调节神经突触传递可塑性的改变，从而对学习记忆功能产生广泛作用。深入考察全身麻醉药物对学习记忆功能的影响，将为合理解释术中残留记忆和术后认知功能障碍的发生机制，婴幼儿和老年痴呆患者手术期间选择合适的全身麻醉药物和方法提供借鉴。     

犬烟雾吸入性损伤早期肺洗出液灌注大鼠肺所致损伤的研究

目的　研究犬烟雾吸入性损伤早期肺洗出液的生物学活性。　方法　获取犬急性烟雾吸入性损伤早期肺洗出液及正常犬肺洗出液。将Wistar大鼠随机分为A(2 8只 )、B(2 9只 )、C(37只 )组 ,每组各取 7只不作处理作为正常对照 ,其余大鼠肺部作如下处理 :A组注入等渗盐水 ,B组注入正常犬肺洗出液 ,C组注入致伤犬肺洗出液。处死各组中正常对照大鼠 ,并于灌注后 4、12、2 4h处死灌注大鼠 ,观察各组大鼠处死前的存活情况、处死后双肺大体变化及组织病理学改变。检测肺组织匀浆中 6 酮 前列腺素F1α/血栓素B2 (PGF1α/TXB2 )、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)、髓过氧化物酶 (MPO)含量及肺毛细血管通透性。　结果　A、B组大鼠处死前均存活 ,C组大鼠非处死死亡 9只。犬吸入性损伤早期肺洗出液可引起大鼠肺产生类似于烟雾吸入性损伤样的病理变化。A、B组大鼠灌注后肺组织PGF1α/TXB2 均有升高倾向 ;C组大鼠灌注后PGF1α/TXB2 逐渐降低 (P <0.0 1),A、B组灌注后肺组织TNF α、MPO含量均无明显变化 (P >0.0 5 ),C组灌注后 4h肺组织TNF α、MPO含量显著增加 ,分别为 (1.0 2± 0 .0 4 )ng/ml、(1.0 1± 0.0 9)U/g肺组织湿重 ,随后下降 (P <0.0 5～ 0.0 1)。肺灌注后4hC组大鼠肺组织毛细血管通透性高于A、B组 (P <0.0 1)。结论　犬     

Sparing of perceptual implicit memory despite suppression of the electrophysiological word repetition effect: a study with general anesthetic isoflurane.

OBJECTIVE: Much effort has been devoted to the search for the neurophysiological correlates of implicit memory. A commonly held view is that the early portion (250-500 ms) of the event-related potential (ERP) word repetition effect reflects processes important for perceptual implicit memory whereas the latter portion reflects processes implicated in explicit memory. It is, however, difficult to disentangle with certainty the relative contributions of each form of memory on ERPs since both forms co-exist in normal subjects. To dissociate ERP effect related to implicit and explicit memory, we used isoflurane sedation in normal subjects to suppress explicit remembering while sparing implicit memory. These ERPs were compared with those of non-medicated control subjects. METHODS: Thirteen subjects performed an incidental encoding task for words presented auditorily during the inhalation of a subanesthetic dose of isoflurane. After termination of isoflurane administration, we assessed free recall and recorded ERPs during a syllable completion task (implicit memory) and during a passive listening task (ERP repetition effect). Eleven non-medicated control subjects were tested in a similar manner. RESULTS: The controls showed robust early and late ERP repetition effect. The isoflurane group had implicit memory without free recall and showed no ERP repetition effect. CONCLUSIONS: These findings failed to show an association between any part of the repetition effect and perceptual implicit memory. The results are consistent with the view that processes linked to explicit memory contribute to the ERP repetition effect since there was a marked difference in free recall between the control and isoflurane groups. SIGNIFICANCE: The present study shows that the reversible alterations of memory by general anesthetics can be used to study the neurophysiological correlates of memory processes.     

脂肪乳剂用于酰胺类局麻药毒性反应的救治

局麻药全身毒性反应发生率低,但其导致的并发症严重.动物和离体心脏的实验研究证明脂肪乳剂能快速逆转强效酰胺类局麻药导致的心血管系统衰竭.多例成功复苏酰胺类局麻药所致心脏停搏的报道显示,脂肪乳剂可成功逆转局麻药中毒所导致的心脏和中枢神经系统衰竭.脂肪乳救治局麻药中毒的机制可能通过两个途径共同作用:降低组织中的局麻药浓度和改善心肌细胞的能量代谢.