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Lesley A. Inker Morgan E. Grams Andrew S. Levey Josef Coresh Massimo Cirillo John F. Collins Ron T. Gansevoort Orlando M. Gutierrez Takayuki Hamano Gunnar H. Heine Shizukiyo Ishikawa Sun Ha Jee Florian Kronenberg Martin J. Landray Katsuyuki Miura Girish N. Nadkarni Carmen A. Peralta Dietrich Rothenbacher Mark Woodward 《American journal of kidney diseases》2019,73(2):206-217
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BACKGROUND: Recent guidelines suggest supplementation with ergocalciferol (vitamin D(2)) in chronic kidney disease stages 3 and 4 patients with elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels <75 nmol/l. These guidelines are also applied to renal transplant patients. However, the prevalence rates of 25OHD deficiency and its association with PTH levels in renal transplant populations have not been extensively examined. We aimed to document the prevalence rates of 25OHD deficiency [defined by serum levels <40 nmol/l (<16 ng/ml)] and insufficiency [<75 nmol/l (<30 ng/ml)] in a single renal transplant centre, and examine its relationship with PTH levels. METHODS: Serum 25OHD and PTH concentrations were measured in 419 transplant patients attending a single renal transplant clinic over a 4-month period. Demographic and biochemical data were also collected, including serum creatinine, calcium, phosphate and albumin. Simple and multiple linear regression analysis were performed. RESULTS: In 27.3% of the patients, 25OHD deficiency was present, and 75.5% had insufficiency. On univariate analysis, 25OHD, serum albumin and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were significantly associated with PTH levels (P < 0.0001, P = 0.004 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Multiple linear regression demonstrated that only 25OHD, eGFR and serum phosphate were significantly predictive of PTH levels (R(2) = 0.19, P < 0.0001). In this model, a 75 nmol/l increase in 25OHD will only result in a maximal reduction in PTH of 2.0 pmol/l. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that 25OHD deficiency and insufficiency are common in renal transplant patients and may exacerbate secondary hyperparathyroidism. However, 25OHD, eGFR and phosphate only account for 19% of the variability in PTH levels. In addition, even a large increase in serum 25OHD levels is likely to result in only a small reduction in PTH. Therefore, alternative approaches to managing hyperparathyroidism in renal transplant recipients rather than supplementation with ergocalciferol are warranted. 相似文献
5.
不同病理类型原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症临床表现的比较分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的 分析不同病理类型甲状旁腺功能亢进(PHPT)的临床表现特点。方法 回顾性分析1958-2005年北京协和医院收治经手术病理证实的280例PHPT患者的临床资料。按病理类型分为甲状旁腺腺瘤组208例,甲状旁腺增生组52例及甲状旁腺腺癌组20例。结果 腺癌组中男性高于另外2组(P〈0.05)。增生及腺癌组中骨畸形、骨软化比例较低,增生组骨吸收、病理性骨折比例低于腺瘤组;胃肠道症状、多饮多尿及泌尿系统病变在腺癌组中高于另外2组(P均〈0.05)。血总钙(TCa)、血游离钙离子(ICa)及24h尿Ca在腺癌组显著高于腺瘤组及增生组(P均〈0.01),在腺瘤组与增生组间差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。出现高钙危象的比例在腺癌组显著高于另外2组(P〈0.01)。腺癌组病灶重量高于增生组,腺瘤组病灶直径小于增生组(P均〈0.05)。结论 在本组病例中,腺癌组男性比例较高,泌尿系统病变更为多见,出现高钙危象的比例显著增高,术后复发的比例较高。增生组骨骼系统病变相对较轻,其病变甲状旁腺重量低于腺癌与腺瘤组。 相似文献
6.
N. Glajchen S. Thomas P. Jowell S. Epstein M.D. F. Ismail M. Fallon 《Calcified tissue international》1990,46(1):28-32
Summary The paucity of information on the effect of long-term high-dose salmon calcitonin administration on normal bone mineral metabolism
and histology prompted an investigation of the influence of high-dose synthetic calcitonin in the rat. Serum ionized calcium,
osteocalcin or BGP (bone gla protein), and immunoreactive PTH were measured serially during calcitonin administration and
bone histomorphometry analyzed at 6 weeks (after sacrifice). Daily injections of salmon calcitonin, 0.4 IU/100 g (group B)
and 2 IU/100 g (group C), resulted in significant hypocalcemia at 4 hours for both experimental groups (P<0.004). Serium iPTH was significantly higher over the study period for both groups administered calcitonin. Serum BGP levels
were significantly lower than controls during the study in group C (P<0.002) and to a lesser extent in group B (P<0.05). In group C, bone histomorphometry revealed increased resorption (onteoclast count), decreased trabecular bone volume,
and decreased double-labeled tetracycline surface (bone formation). In group B an increase in osteoclast count but no alteration
in bone formation was observed. To assess the role of PTH in the above findings, high-dose calcitonin was administered to
parathyroidectomized rats. All of the above changes in bone histomorphometry were not observed in this group of animals. In
conclusion, high doses of calcitonin promote hypocalcemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and osteoclastosis in the normal
rat in a dose-dependent manner with very high-dose calcitonin impairing bone formation. 相似文献
7.
The effects of calcium on parathyroid hormone (PTH) has further discovered in recent years. It has been known that calcium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid is a major determinant of PTH secretion. The relationship between serum intact PTH (iPTH) and calcium ion levels is described by a sigmoidal curve. The calcium concentration that produces half-maximal change in PTH release (the midpoint between maximal and minimal 相似文献
8.
M. R. Clements † 《Journal of human nutrition and dietetics》1989,2(2):105-116
A large body of work relating to the occurrence of rickets in UK Asians is reviewed. Several theories of the aetiology of this condition are shown to be untenable: it is not exclusively a function of sunlight deprivation or of darker pigmentation; nor is it simply due to phytate-induced losses of calcium from the gut. Asian rickets, however, is associated with a high consumption of cereals, and experiments with rats have suggested a mechanism. In the absence of adequate vitamin D from sunlight, the low-calcium, high cereal intake of the UK Asian population may induce a state of mild secondary hyperparathyroidism which enhances the destruction of vitamin D and leads to a progressive reduction in vitamin D status and, ultimately, to the development of clinical rickets. 相似文献
9.
Natural history of parathyroid function and calcium metabolism after kidney transplantation: a single-centre study. 总被引:10,自引:4,他引:6
Pieter Evenepoel Kathleen Claes Dirk Kuypers Bart Maes Bert Bammens Yves Vanrenterghem 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2004,19(5):1281-1287
BACKGROUND: The natural history of parathyroid function after successful renal transplantation (RT) and the factors predisposing to persistent hyperparathyroidism (HPT) are not well established. A better knowledge of these data may be helpful in the development of algorithms for optimal surveillance and treatment of HPT after successful RT. Our aim was to evaluate the post-transplant natural history of parathyroid function and calcium metabolism in patients with a functional renal graft and to identify risk factors for persistent HPT. METHODS: Charts of 1165 allograft kidney recipients transplanted between 1989 and 2000 were reviewed. Patients with an intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level available at the time of transplantation were identified. The charts of the latter patients were checked for a variety of demographic and clinical data, and all determinations of the iPTH concentration available since transplantation were recorded. Serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatases and creatinine, concurrently determined, were also registered. RESULTS: After an initial fall, iPTH levels showed a slow but steady decline towards the upper normal limit. The prevalence of persistent HPT, defined as an iPTH level > or =2.5 times the upper normal limit or the need for parathyroidectomy following transplantation, remained stable at approximately 17% up to 4 years after transplantation. Patients with persistent HPT had significantly elevated serum levels of iPTH, calcium and phosphorus at the time of RT, and had spent a longer time on dialysis. Post-transplant iPTH levels correlated significantly with transplant kidney function. CONCLUSION: Kidney transplant recipients with a high iPTH and calcium x phosphate product at the time of transplantation are at risk for persistent HPT especially when renal function is suboptimal. Therapy for persistent HPT, if considered, should be initiated 3 months post-transplantation since further spontaneous improvement of parathyroid function thereafter is limited. 相似文献
10.
Calciphylaxis – a topical overview 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
G Arseculeratne† AT Evans‡ SM Morley† 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2006,20(5):493-502
'Calciphylaxis', a calcification syndrome associated with ischaemic cutaneous necrosis, is acquired naturally in humans in disease states. It is a life and limb-threatening complication, usually observed in patients with renal disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism, but known to occur in the absence of renal or parathyroid disease. The reported mortality rate, which ranges from 60-80%, relates to wound infection, sepsis and organ failure. It is a small-vessel vasculopathy, which is estimated to occur in about 4% of haemodialysis patients. Clinically, violaceous, reticulate areas of cutaneous necrosis and eschar may be evident, particularly in the extremities. In addition to the clinical picture, a raised calcium phosphorous product, an elevated parathyroid hormone level, radiographic evidence of vessel and soft-tissue calcification and the finding of mural calcification affecting small arteries and arterioles on histopathology help to confirm the diagnosis of this entity which generally has a poor prognosis. A high index of suspicion and an active multidisciplinary management approach, with rigorous attention to wound care and prevention of sepsis, are vital in the management of these patients. In this overview, we discuss the pathophysiology, clinical features and associations, risk factors, diagnosis and management issues relating to calciphylaxis. 相似文献