氯化血红素固体分散物的研制及其分散特征评价

目的:探讨氯化血红素固体分散物的制备及其分散特征的评价.方法:采用溶剂熔融法制备氯化血红素固体分散物,用差示热量扫描(DSC)图谱、红外光谱、X-射线衍射图谱的变化鉴定药物在载体中的分散特征;并对其溶解度和累积溶出速率进行考察.结果:结果显示,以氯化血红素为主药,聚乙二醇6000(PEG6000)为载体制成的固体分散物中,氯化血红素是以分子状态分散在载体中;经溶解度和累积溶出速率的测定,固体分散物溶解度为原药的49倍,固体分散物较原药在30 min时的累积溶出速率提高了22倍.结论:制成固体分散物后,形成填充型固体溶液,氯化血红素的溶解度和溶出速率均得到显著提高,提示本工艺可行,同时也为氯化血红素新制剂的研究提供科学依据.     

氯化血红素口服液的研制和疗效观察

 氯化血红素（ｈｅｍｉｎ）用于治疗缺铁性贫血已逐渐受到人们的重视。本文介绍了氯化血红素口服液的制备、质量标准和药理学试验。并与葡萄糖酸亚铁进行临床对照治疗１８０例小儿缺铁性贫血。试验结果表明，两药的治愈率有高度显著性差异（Ｘ￣２＝１５．６８，Ｐ＜０．００５）；总有效率无显著性差异。本品无胃肠副作用，是一种理想的治疗缺铁性贫血制剂。     

Hemin诱导大鼠肝脏HO-1表达对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的保护作用

目的观察氯化血红素(hemin)对大鼠肝脏血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)表达的诱导作用,并探讨HO-1对大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)的保护作用。方法雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和干预组,每组8只。对照组给予正常饮食,模型组及干预组均给予髙脂饮食,共8周。之后对照组继续正常饮食喂养,模型组髙脂饮食喂养,干预组给予髙脂饮食及每日hemin 15 mg/kg腹腔注射,共10 d。第10天处死大鼠,观察肝脏组织形态学,检测各组血清丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)水平,Western blot检测各组肝脏组织HO-1的表达。结果模型组MDA、AST、ALT较对照组显著升高(P<0.01),干预组MDA、AST、ALT较模型组显著降低(P<0.01);模型组GSH较对照组显著降低(P<0.01),干预组GSH较模型组显著升高(P<0.01);hemin干预组肝细胞肿胀、炎细胞浸润等形态学改变较模型组明显改善。Western blot结果显示:hemin干预组HO-1的表达明显高于模型组与对照组。结论 Hemin能够诱导大鼠肝脏组织HO-1表达的增加。通过增加HO-1的表达能够减轻大鼠肝脏氧化应激损伤,改善肝脏组织学及肝功能情况,对髙脂饮食引起的NASH起到保护作用。     

Protective effects of hemin pretreatment combined with ulinastatin on septic shock in rats

Background Urinary trypsin inhibitor inhibits the enhanced production of pro-inflammatory molecules. Hemeoxygenase-1 induction protects against ischemia/repeffusion injury, oxidative stress, inflammation, transplant rejection, apoptosis, and other conditions. However, it is unknown if a combined hemin and ulinastatin pretreatment could result in protective effects for septic shock. In this study, we investigated the role of hemin pretreatment combined with ulinastatin on septic shock in rats. Methods Eighty healthy, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups： group S, group H, group U and group HU. Groups S and U received 1 ml normal saline intraperitoneally, while groups H and HU both received 1 ml （100 mg/kg） hemin. Twenty-four hours later, 0.5 ml （10 mg/kg） E. coil lipopolysaccharide was injected intravenously to replicate the experimental model of septic shock. After an initial 25% decrease in the mean arterial pressure, corresponding to time point 0, groups HU and U received 0.5 ml 10 000 U/kg ulinastatin intravenously, and the others received 0.5 ml normal saline. Results The number of deaths in groups H and U was lower than that in the group S （P〈0.05）, and was higher than that in group HU （all P〈0.05） respectively. The mean arterial pressure （MAP） in the group S was significantly greater than that in group H （P〈0.05）, and was lower than that in group HU and group U （P〈0.05）. The plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, creatinine （Cr） and blood urea nitrogen （BUN）, the malondial- dehyde （MDA） of liver, kidney and lung, and the lung Evans blue （EB） contents in groups H and U, were greater than that in group HU （all P〈0.05）, and were lower than that in group S （all P〈0.05）. In contrast, the plasma levels of CO in groups H and HU were higher than that in groups S and U （all P〈0.05）, and SOD of liver, kidney and lung in groups H and U were higher than that in group S,     

Redox-reactive antiphospholipid antibody differences between serum from Alzheimer's patients and age-matched controls

There is no universally acceptable inclusive laboratory biomarker for the diagnosis and staging of neurodegenerative diseases, for example, Alzheimer's. There is an abnormal increase of oxidative stress in the central nervous system (CNS) of Alzheimer's patients that causes oxidation of proteins, lipids and DNA. We have published that the antiphospholipid (aPL) autoantibodies that are members of the redox-reactive autoantibody (R-RAA) family, are significantly decreased or absent in the cerebrospinal fluids of autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Because of the known elevation of oxidation-induced damage in the CNS and the abnormal enrichment of redox reactive metals in postmortem AD brains, we questioned if the R-RAA in the blood of AD patients might also show a departure from the normal aPL levels. We compared 16 AD serum samples to 17 serum samples, from age-matched volunteer blood donors. Each serum was tested before and after oxidation for four aPL specificities by using an in-house ELISA. Comparisons between the AD and normal populations revealed highly significant differences. In-sample Fisher's linear discriminate analysis found a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 94%. In-sample Classification and Regression Tree analysis (CART) found a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 100%. This study is the first to indicate that blood tests for R-RAA may be used as a laboratory criterion for an Alzheimer's diagnosis.     

Heme Oxygenase-1 Modulates Mesangial Cell Proliferation by P21Waf1 Upregulation

Mesangial cell (MC) proliferation is a hallmark of many progressive renal diseases. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been shown to have an anti-proliferative effect on vascular smooth muscle cells. In the present study, we evaluated the role of HO-1 on MC proliferation and the involved molecular mechanism. Both epidermal growth factor (EGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) not only enhanced mesangial cell HO-1 expression but also stimulated proliferation of MCs. Interestingly, inhibition of HO-1 induction (by zinc protoporphyrin, ZnP) was associated with an accelerated mitogenic response to EGF and HGF in MCs. Induction of HO-1 was associated with enhanced mesangial cell p21 expression. On the other hand, hemoglobin and ZnP inhibited mesangial cell p21 expression. It appears that the effect of HO-1 on MC growth may be mediated through upregulation of p21 expression.     

正铁血红素改善链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠肝损伤

目的 探讨血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)诱导剂正铁血红素和抑制剂锌原卟啉对糖尿病大鼠肝功能的影响及相关机制.方法 以链脲佐菌素腹腔注射诱导糖尿病SD大鼠模型,大鼠分为对照组、糖尿病组、正铁血红素组和锌原卟啉组.应用试剂盒检测各组大鼠血清游离脂肪酸(FFA)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)活性,肝组织匀浆总抗氧化能力(TAOC)和丙二醛(MDA);逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测肝脏组织白细胞介素1(IL-1)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)mRNA表达水平.结果 与对照组比较,糖尿病组大鼠血清AST、ALT、肝组织MDA、IL-1、TNF-α mRNA水平均明显增高(P＜0.01或＜0.05),分别是(91.59±12.38) U/L vs (50.19±12.65)U/L、(45.64±9.68) U/L vs (15.55±7.79) U/L,(0.81±0.22) nmol/mg vs (0.50±0.08) nmol/mg、12.32±3.51vs 7.02±1.99、22.24±4.48 vs 10.54±2.36;TAOC下降(P＜0.05);与糖尿病组大鼠比较,正铁血红素组大鼠ALT、TNF-α表达水平明显下降,TAOC增高(P＜0.05或＜0.01);锌原卟啉组大鼠较糖尿病组大鼠FFA、ALT、AST、MDA均有明显上升(P＜0.05或＜0.01),而TAOC下降(P＜0.05).结论 HO-1诱导剂正铁血红素可改善糖尿病大鼠肝损伤,而其抑制剂则加重肝脏损伤.