左半结直肠癌临床与病理学特点及诊治分析

目的　探讨左半结直肠癌 (LCRC)临床病理特点及诊治对策。方法　采用直接结肠镜检查加病理活检的方法确诊LCRC 85例 ,其中 37例经手术治疗。结果　本组 50岁以上占 60 %。农民占 73 %。首发症状至确诊 <3个月占 56 .5 % ,<1年占 89.4%。便血、腹痛腹胀、排便习惯改变、肛门异常是LCRC常见症状 ,便血为主要表现占 83 .5 % ,始发便血 56例 ,占 56/ 71 (76 .87% )。本组临床误诊率 63 .5 %。活检符合率 88.57%。病理形态以隆起 (肿块型 85 .88% )管状腺癌 (98.36 % )为主。 37例手术DUKES分期DaDb1 7例为可切除可治愈癌 ,占 45 .95 %。病程 <3个月DaDb 47.4% ,DcDd 52 .6 %。手术率乙状结肠以上癌 2 0 / 2 6(76 .92 % ) ,肛直肠癌 1 7/59(2 8.81 % )。结论　 >50岁属LCRC高发人群 ,为重点结肠镜检查对象。便血是LCRC始发主要表现和重要的结肠镜检查指征 ,应提高对便血的认识 ,放宽镜检范围。LCRC一经诊 ,应及早手术 ,这是切除或治愈LCRC的重要手段。     

Diagnostic accuracy of the atopy patch test in children with food allergy-related gastrointestinal symptoms

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the diagnostic accuracy of atopy patch tests (APT) in the clinical practice of pediatric gastroenterology. Moreover, APTs containing purified food extracts have recently become available, but their diagnostic accuracy is largely undefined. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of food challenge, skin prick test (SPT), serum specific IgE determination, and APT using fresh food and commercial food extracts in parallel in children referred for suspected food allergy-related gastrointestinal symptoms. RESULTS: Eighty-nine food challenges were performed in 60 patients (38 boys, median age 23 months, range 3-48 months): 31 tested positive for cow's milk (CM), 19 for hen's egg (HE), and two for wheat. Specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) determination, and SPT, respectively, were positive in 7/31 and 14/31 of patients with cow's milk allergy (CMA), and in 7/19 and 7/19 with HE allergy. The results of APT with fresh food vs a commercial assay were (1) CM: sensitivity: 64.5%vs 6.4%, specificity 95.8%vs 95.6%, positive predictive value (PPV) 95.2%vs 66.6% and negative predictive value (NPV) 67.6%vs 43.1%; (2) HE: sensitivity 84.2%vs 5.2%, specificity 100%vs 100%, PPV 100%vs 100% and NPV 75.0%vs 33.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Atopy patch test is a useful tool in the diagnostic work up of children with food-allergy-related gastrointestinal symptoms. The diagnostic accuracy of ATP was higher with fresh food than with commercial food extracts.     

刘敬霞教授运用补中益气汤异病同治验案

补中益气汤是＂补土派＂李东垣＂补气升阳,甘温除热＂的经典方剂。刘敬霞教授在继承国医大师李振华教授治病重视调补脾胃学术思想的同时,又有所发挥,治病不仅重视中医辨证论治,主张健脾益气,温阳升清,亦不忘重视滋养脾胃之阴,以全面培补脾胃之＂后天之本＂,体现了中医＂异病同治＂的思想;同时还强调西医的辨病论治,重视参考、借鉴现代医学科研方法与现代药理学研究成果,西为中用,中西并用。临证运用补中益气汤化裁治疗多种疑难杂病。     

Colonoscopy for rectal bleeding in childhood.

Undiagnosed rectal bleeding can pose a significant problem in the pediatric patient. A systematic and logical approach to the work-up of the child with rectal bleeding is necessary for prompt and accurate diagnosis. It is our impression that the addition of colonscopy in carefully selected patients will decrease the number of children with undiagnosed significant rectal bleeding.     

运用五运六气学说辨治便血验案1则

通过分析肠风下血验案,阐述运气学说在临证中的重要性。认为对于肠风的辨治,可根据其运气特征,"岁金不及,从肺论治";运用整体思维,病在下者取之上,清肝以肃肺,养血而止血,予槐角丸、黛蛤散、胶艾汤治疗。     

Hepatic artery aneurysm erosion into the stomach: an unusual cause of gastrointestinal bleeding

Background: Hepatic artery aneurysms are the second most common visceral aneurysms. The natural history of hepatic artery aneurysms typically results in enlargement, rupture, and life-threatening hemorrhage. Atherosclerosis, traditionally, has been the most common cause of hepatic artery aneurysm. Objective: A case of a hepatic artery aneurysm invading the stomach is presented to draw attention to the clinical presentation of this potentially catastrophic entity. Case Report: A 74-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with hematemesis. He was hemodynamically stable with a hemoglobin of 10.5. Abdominal CT imaging revealed a hepatic artery aneurysm that eroded into the stomach. The erosion was successfully repaired operatively and the aneurysm was embolized. Conclusion: The most common symptom is epigastric pain. The clinical and radiological findings of a hepatic artery aneurysm eroding into the stomach with subsequent upper and lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage, as highlighted in the case reported, have received little prior attention in the medical literature.     

Nasogastric Aspiration and Lavage in Emergency Department Patients with Hematochezia or Melena Without Hematemesis

Objectives: The utility of nasogastric aspiration and lavage in the emergency management of patients with melena or hematochezia without hematemesis is controversial. This evidence‐based emergency medicine review evaluates the following question: does nasogastric aspiration and lavage in patients with melena or hematochezia and no hematemesis differentiate an upper from lower source of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding? Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and other databases were searched. Studies were selected for inclusion in the review if the authors had performed nasogastric aspiration (with or without lavage) in all patients with hematochezia or melena and performed esophagogastroduodenal endoscopy (EGD) in all patients. Studies were excluded if they enrolled patients with history of esophageal varices or included patients with hematemesis or coffee ground emesis (unless the data for patients without hematemesis or coffee ground emesis could be separated out). The outcome was identifying upper GI hemorrhage (active bleeding or high‐risk lesions potentially responsible for hemorrhage) and the rate of complications associated with the nasogastric tube insertion. Quality of the included studies was assessed using standard criteria for diagnostic accuracy studies. Results: Three retrospective studies met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. The prevalence of an upper GI source for patients with melena or hematochezia without hematemesis was 32% to 74%. According to the included studies, the diagnostic performance of the nasogastric aspiration and lavage for predicting upper GI bleeding is poor. The sensitivity of this test ranged from 42% to 84%, the specificity from 54% to 91%, and negative likelihood ratios from 0.62 to 0.20. Only one study reported the rate complications associated with nasogastric aspiration and lavage (1.6%). Conclusions: Nasogastric aspiration, with or without lavage, has a low sensitivity and poor negative likelihood ratio, which limits its utility in ruling out an upper GI source of bleeding in patients with melena or hematochezia without hematemesis. ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:126–132 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine     

HEALING OF SOLITARY RECTAL ULCERS WITH MULTIPLE SESSIONS OF ARGON PLASMA COAGULATION

Background: Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is an uncommon disorder of evacuation. Management of bleeding ulcers is usually unsatisfactory with conventional treatment. Argon plasma coagulation (APC) has been reported to control bleeding; however, it has not been shown to result in ulcer healing. The aim of the present study was to: (i) to investigate the efficacy and safety of APC in controlling bleeding from SRUS; and (ii) to study its efficacy in the healing of ulcer/s. Methods: Twenty‐four patients with bleeding SRUS diagnosed on clinical, colonoscopic, and histological findings were randomized to receive either standard care alone (12 patients) or to undergo multiple sessions of APC in addition (12 patients). All patients were followed up to determine ulcer healing. Results: Twenty‐four patients with a mean duration of symptoms of 12.6 ± 4.8 months were included. Bleeding was controlled with one (n = 5) or two sessions (n = 7) of APC. Reduction in size and depth of ulcer was noted. Eight out of 12 patients who received APC had complete healing of ulcers after four to eight sessions, carried out 2–4 weeks apart. The remaining four patients had a reduction in size and depth of ulcers compared to their pretreatment appearance. All patients were advised to have a high intake of fluids, fiber and laxatives, and to undergo biofeedback and behavior modification therapy in addition to the treatment. Conclusions: APC controls bleeding in patients with SRUS and it also improves the healing of these ulcers.