Lateral unicompartimental knee arthroplasty: indications,technique and short-medium term results

Lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a valid alternative treatment in the event of arthritis confined to the lateral compartment. This paper examines its indications, technique and short to medium-term results. A total of 159 Miller–Galante cemented UKA prostheses (Zimmer, Warsaw, Indiana) were implanted consecutively (131 medial and 28 lateral) by the same surgeon. This study investigates 28 lateral UKAs in 27 patients. Twenty-five implants in 24 patients (including a subject operated bilaterally) were followed up for 12–60 months. Three patients were discarded on account of to short a follow-up period. The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score was used to compare the pre- and post-operative results of the lateral UKA patients. The HSS score improved from a pre-op mean of 59.92 (range 48–68) to 88.04 (range 71–95) at the last follow-up. There was a positive increase in the pain, function and ROM components of the score. The lateral UKA prosthesis can be regarded as a sound alternative to total knee replacement. Correct patient selection on the basis of optimum surgical indications, however, is essential. No benefits of funds were received in support of the study.     

Single-stage medial plateau elevation and metaphyseal osteotomies in advanced-stage Blount’s disease: a new technique

PurposeSurgical treatment in advanced-stage infantile Blount’s disease with medial plateau (MP) depression is challenging. Several osteotomies and fixation methods have been described with no established benchmark. We conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new single-stage technique for acute medial condyle elevation and metaphyseal osteotomies with internal fixation.MethodsA prospective case series of 19 consecutive patients (21 knees) with severe infantile Blount’s disease underwent a single-stage MP elevation and metaphyseal osteotomies, with internal fixation. The mean age was 10.3 years (8.2 to 13.6) and the mean follow-up was 5.1 years (3.2 to 8.3). The outcome measures included clinical and radiological parameters and patient-reported pediatric outcomes data collection instrument (PODCI) score.ResultsThe mean PODCI score improved significantly from 50% to 88%. The mean internal tibial torsion improved from -27° to 11°. All cases maintained full knee extension, no limitation in flexion range of movement and no signs of instability or lateral thrust gait. All the radiographic parameters improved significantly; the mean tibiofemoral angle improved from -29° to 7°, the metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle improved from 33.4° to 4.7° and the angle of depressed MP improved from 38.3° to 2.4° (p < 0.001). At the latest follow-up, no cases of deformity recurrence were identified, the final limb-length discrepancy was < 1 cm in all patients.ConclusionSingle-stage MP elevation and metaphyseal osteotomies with internal fixation significantly improved the clinical and radiographic parameters and PODCI score in advanced infantile Blount’s disease and precluded the use of external immobilization, with no evidence of deformity recurrence.Level of evidenceIV     

Clinical outcome and correction following V osteotomy for genu valgum in adolescents and young adults: A systematic review

BackgroundGenu Valgum usually originates from distal femur and many open and closed wedge osteotomies of distal femur have been reported but none has proved to be the best. Distal femur V osteotomy is a wedgeless osteotomy and is a rarely reported osteotomy with only a few case series and 167 cases of isolated distal femur V osteotomy for genus valgum in young patients (<25 years) in literature but with a tendency to have an excellent outcomes.PurposeTo determine correction and clinical outcome following V osteotomy for genu valgum in adolescents and young adults (10–25 years).Patient and methodsA systematic research was conducted of PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar to identify studies reporting the correction and clinical outcome following V osteotomy in adolescents and young adults (10–25 years) for genu valgum by 2 different authors according to PRISMA guidelines.Results5 studies with 167 patients and 263 knees were identified meeting the inclusion criteria for review. The follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 36 months. Overall complication rate was 12.3%, the most common being plaster sore, 4.2% (11/263) followed by superficial infection, 2.7% (7/263). The mean correction was 19.1° and a mean post-operative valgus was 5.7°. In those compared with Bostman score (157/167), 94.3% had excellent (148/157) and remaining 5.7% (9/157) had good scores (20–27/30) with none showing poor score (<20/30).ConclusionV osteotomy is a reliable method of distal femoral osteotomy to attain a good correction with an excellent clinical outcome even with variations of fixation however longer follow-up period are required for better evaluation of recurrence.     

膝关节外翻畸形股骨侧形态学参数分析

目的探讨膝关节外翻畸形股骨侧形态结构改变特点,并分析各参数的异常分布。方法收集2010年1月至2012年12月北京积水潭医院矫形骨科收治的68例(68膝)膝关节外翻畸形患者的影像学资料,包括下肢全长X线片和膝关节CT容积性数据。在下肢全长X线片上测量解剖学股胫角(aFTA)和解剖学股骨远端外侧角(aLDFA),将DICOM格式的CT容积性数据导入MIMICS17.0软件,测量股骨远髁角(DCA)和股骨后髁角(PCA)。分析膝关节外翻畸形股骨侧各参数异常的构成比,并绘制散点图分析各参数的线性相关性。结果股骨侧形态学参数测量结果:aFTA为(18.42±6.42)°,aLDFA为(74.71±4.63)°,DCA为(6.64±1.36)°,PCA为(4.51±1.82)°,其中DCA异常人数占比最高(95.59%)。DCA、PCA和aLDFA均存在异常的人数占比为51.47%。DCA与PCA和aLDFA之间均不存在线性相关。结论股骨外侧髁远端形态结构异常是膝关节外翻畸形股骨侧骨组织异常的主要来源。约1/2的患者同时存在股骨外侧髁远端、后方和股骨干骺端形态结构异常。     

An operative approach to address severe genu valgum deformity in the Ellis-van Creveld syndrome

Background

The genu valgum deformity seen in the Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is one of the most severe angular deformities seen in any orthopaedic condition. It is likely a combination of a primary genetic-based dysplasia of the lateral portion of the tibial plateau combined with severe soft-tissue contractures that tether the tibia into valgus deformations. Progressive weight-bearing induces changes, accumulating with growth, acting on the initially distorted and valgus-angulated proximal tibia, worsening the deformity with skeletal maturation. The purpose of this study is to present a relatively large case series of a very rare condition that describes a surgical technique to correct the severe valgus deformity in the Ellis-van Creveld syndrome by combining extensive soft-tissue release with bony realignment.

Methods

A retrospective review examined 23 limbs in 13 patients with Ellis-van Creveld syndrome that were surgically corrected by two different surgeons from 1982 to 2011. Seven additional patients were identified, but excluded due to insufficient chart or radiographic data. A successful correction was defined as 10° or less of genu valgum at the time of surgical correction. Although not an outcomes study, maintenance of 20° or less of genu valgum was considered desirable. Average age at surgery was 14.7 years (range 7–25 years). Clinical follow-up is still ongoing, but averages 5.0 years (range 2 months to 18 years). Charts and radiographs were reviewed for complications, radiographic alignment, and surgical technique. The surgical procedure was customized to each patient’s deformity, consisting of the following steps:

1. Complete proximal to distal surgical decompression of the peroneal nerve
2. Radical release and mobilization of the severe quadriceps contracture and iliotibial band contracture
3. Distal lateral hamstring lengthening/tenotomy and lateral collateral ligament release
4. Proximal and distal realignment of the subluxed/dislocated patella, medial and lateral retinacular release, vastus medialis advancement, patellar chondroplasty, medial patellofemoral ligament plication, and distal patellar realignment by Roux-Goldthwait technique or patellar tendon transfer with tibial tubercle relocation
5. Proximal tibial varus osteotomy with partial fibulectomy and anterior compartment release
6. Occasionally, distal femoral osteotomy

Results

In all cases, the combination of radical soft-tissue release, patellar realignment and bony osteotomy resulted in 10° or less of genu valgum at the time of surgical correction. Complications of surgery included three patients (five limbs) with knee stiffness that was successfully manipulated, one peroneal nerve palsy, one wound slough and hematoma requiring a skin graft, and one pseudoarthrosis requiring removal of hardware and repeat fixation. At last follow-up, radiographic correction of no more than 20° of genu valgum was maintained in all but four patients (four limbs). Two patients (three limbs) had or currently require revision surgery due to recurrence of the deformity.

Conclusion

The operative approach presented in this study has resulted in correction of the severe genu valgum deformity in Ellis-van Creveld syndrome to 10° or less of genu valgum at the time of surgery. Although not an outcomes study, a correction of no more than 20° genu valgum has been maintained in many of the cases included in the study. Further clinical follow-up is still warranted.

Level of evidence

IV.     

个体化开放楔形胫骨高位截骨治疗内侧间室膝骨关节炎的优势

文题释义：开放楔形胫骨高位截骨：是一种治疗内侧间室膝骨关节炎合并膝内翻的保膝术式。通过胫骨近端内侧切口,在水平面、冠状面双截骨后,进行楔形撑开、钢板固定。其治疗意义在于将内翻的下肢力线转移至相对正常的膝外侧,以缓解内侧症状,延长关节寿命,延缓骨关节炎进展,甚至避免关节假体置换。 个体化力线矫形：根据膝骨关节炎的多阶段性,针对不同退变程度的膝内侧间室,施行不同的力线矫形方案。通过术前规划截骨后的楔形撑开角度或距离,可以将内翻的下肢力线矫正至中线或偏外侧,以达到临床治疗效果。 背景：开放楔形胫骨高位截骨对于内侧间室膝骨关节炎合并膝内翻患者疗效明确,但目前关于力线矫正点的选择仍以Fujisawa点作为参考,个体化力线矫形是否能获得更优越的临床疗效？ 目的：探讨开放楔形胫骨高位截骨术中个体化下肢力线矫形治疗内侧间室膝骨关节炎的短期疗效。 方法：选择2016年6月至2018年5月无锡市人民医院骨科因内侧间室膝骨关节炎行开放楔形胫骨高位截骨治疗的46例患者。根据X射线片、MRI综合评估患膝并划分退变等级(Ⅰ-Ⅲ级),其中Ⅰ,Ⅱ级患者随机分为个体化组及对照组,每组16例;14例Ⅲ级患者作为Fujisawa组。个体化组轻度退变Ⅰ级矫正下肢力线至胫骨平台50%点,中度退变Ⅱ级矫正至胫骨平台外侧55%点;对照组、Fujisawa组均矫正力线至62.5%点。测量评估术后下肢力线,比较术前、术后膝关节活动度、股胫角、胫骨近端内侧角;随访术前及术后3,6,12个月患膝的美国特种外科医院评分、西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数,比较患者术后综合满意度的自评分。结果与结论：①所有患者均获得12个月随访;②3组下肢力线矫形结果满意,术后膝关节活动度、胫骨近端内侧角较术前明显增加,股胫角明显减少(P < 0.05);③随着随访时间延长,3组患者的美国特种外科医院评分显著增加,西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数显著减少,组内不同时点差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);个体化组术后3,6个月美国特种外科医院评分高于对照组,西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数低于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);个体化组及对照组术后12个月美国特种外科医院评分、西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);④所有患者对手术矫形效果满意,个体化组术后综合满意评分高于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);⑤结果表明,个体化开放楔形胫骨高位截骨通过准确地力线矫形,有利于膝关节早期功能恢复,提升患者满意度。 ORCID: 0000-0003-0566-2858(俞颖豪) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

3D打印体外导板辅助儿童膝内外翻畸形矫正的初步应用

目的 利用3D打印技术研制个体化膝部体外导板,探讨其应用于8字钢板骨骺阻滞术的可行性.方法 对2014年1月至2016年1月该院诊治的12例膝内外翻患儿(男7例,女5例;平均年龄8.2岁,膝关节伸直位时完成下肢连续螺旋CT扫描,将Dicom格式存储的CT数据导入Mimics 15.0中,重建膝关节三维模型.将重建后的膝关节数据以.stl格式导入Geomagic 11.0软件中,根据置钉不穿破骨骺和关节面、与骨骺平行、位于骨骺前后中线的要求,设计出8字钢板置钉导航模板;利用3D打印技术打印出导航模板;术中通过模板定位,行8字钢板及螺钉内固定,术后CT评估置钉位置.结果 经过影像学验证,应用3D打印个体化体外导板对12例患者行8字钢板骨骺阻滞术,置钉准确.病例随访6个月至2年,均取得满意矫形效果.结论 3D打印制作个体化膝部体外导板,辅助8字钢板骨骺阻滞治疗儿童膝内外翻畸形,置钉位置精准,疗效满意.     

重度膝关节外翻畸形的全膝关节置换术

 目的 探讨重度膝关节外翻畸形全膝关节置换术的手术方法及临床效果。方法 对2007年1月至2012年12月采用全膝关节置换治疗的重度膝关节外翻畸形患者22例（23膝）进行回顾性分析。男7例,女15例;年龄41~78岁,平均65岁。股胫角（股骨和胫骨解剖轴线的夹角）22°~50°,平均为34.6°。骨关节炎17例,类风湿关节炎5例。髌骨完全脱位3例3膝,内侧不稳定1例1膝,屈曲挛缩畸形3例4膝。21例22膝采用后稳定型假体,1例1膝采用限制型假体。髌旁内侧入路、常规截骨及单纯外侧软组织松解,术中行髌骨置换5例。以膝关节活动度、X线股胫角及美国特种外科医院（Hospital for Special Surgery,HSS）膝关节评分评价术后疗效。结果 全部病例随访时间1~5年,平均2.5年。膝关节活动度由术前平均43.7°±5.8°（0°~80°）提高至末次随访时110.6°±7.5°（80°~130°）,HSS膝关节评分由术前平均（19.6±4.7）分（6~34分）提高至末次随访时（89.7±3.6）分（84~96分）,手术前后的差异有统计学意义。外翻畸形基本得到矫正,末次随访时股胫角平均为8.6°±0.8°（0°~12°）,较术前34.6°±2.4°（22°~50°）明显改善,手术前后的差异有统计学意义。术后2例2膝有膝关节内侧不稳症状,给予膝关节支具保护;1例1膝术前严重髌骨脱位患者术后存在半脱位,未予特殊处理;2例2膝术后出现腓总神经麻痹,未予特殊处理。随访期间未发生感染、松动及深静脉血栓形成等并发症。结论 对重度膝关节外翻畸形患者可采用常规截骨、单纯外侧软组织松解及后稳定型假体植入,能较好地矫正外翻畸形,近期疗效满意。     

正常人前后交叉韧带与腓骨长肌腱的解剖学形态、力学特性对比

为对比腓骨长肌腱与前后交叉韧带的解剖学形态和生物力学特性,将8例18～64岁因不同原因行大腿中下段以上截肢的标本,正中矢状面锯开股骨至髁间窝,标记出前、后交叉韧带中线,用精度0.02的游标卡尺进行测量,测出ACL、PCL中心线在膝关节屈曲90°时的长度和中点的宽度、厚度。测量腓骨长肌从出现腱性部分到下胫腓关节平面肌腱的长度和其上、下1/2段中点的宽度、厚度。分别切取前、后交叉韧带(两端各带一骨块),放入拉力试验机测试。切取腓骨长肌键长20cm,将切取的肌腱分成两段,各长10cm,标记为上段、下段。肌腱两端用艾西康10号丝线锁边式缝合,每端用3根丝线,缝合长度为3cm,放入拉力试验机测试。结果显示,腓骨长肌腱从出现腱性组织到下胫腓关节平面长(224.60±14.41)mm,前交叉韧带长(41.21±3.86)mm,后交叉韧带长(38.00±2.20)mm。腓骨长肌腱上段的最大形变、极限拉伸强度与后交叉韧带比较无显著性差异,腓骨长肌腱下段的最大形变、极限拉伸强度与前交叉韧带比较,均无显著性差异。表明腓骨长肌腱可以作为前、后交叉韧带同时重建的理想供体。