Mild gentamicin nephrotoxicity reduces the progression of chronic adriamycin nephrosis

SUMMARY: The effect of mild acute tubular injury on the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis was studied in pair-fed uninephrectomized male Wistar rats with established adriamycin nephrosis ( n = 34). Rats were stratified into three groups according to endogenous creatinine clearance (CrCl), proteinuria (Upr) and body weight (BW): (i) group 1 (Fe, n = 12) received a single intraperitoneal injection of ferric nitrilotriacetate (5 mg Fe/kg BW); (ii) group 2 (G, n = 10) three daily subcutaneous injections of gentamicin (60 mg/kg BW) and; (iii) group 3 (C, n = 12) saline injections. Serial CrCl (day 2, day 5, weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8) and renal histology (week 8) were examined following administration of nephrotoxin. CrCl was reduced on d2 (Fe: 0.78 ± 0.23 mL/min; mean ± SD) and day 5 (G: 0.91 ± 0.36 mL/min) as compared with C (1.22 ± 0.12 mL/min; P <0.05). There was no change in the serum creatinine and functional recovery occurred by d5 (Fe) and week 2 (G). Upr decreased transiently in G at week 2 (G: 482 ± 208 mg/day vs C: 716 ± 233; P = 0.05) despite similar food intake, baseline Upr and CrCl. At week 8, CrCl in Fe (0.84 ± 0.40 mL/min) was similar to C (0.84 ± 0.58 mL/min), whereas in G it remained stable (1.27 ± 0.39 mL/min; P <0.05). By morphometric analysis, mean relative interstitial volume (RIV) and glomerulosclerosis (GS) in Fe (RIV: 28.5 ± 13.4%; GS: 10.3 ± 12.3%) was no different to C (RIV: 24.5 ± 12.5%; GS: 20.9 ± 20.0%), whereas both parameters were reduced in G (RIV: 14.1 ± 8.1%; GS: 4.0 ± 4.8%; P <0.05). Mild gentamicin nephrotoxicity therefore reduced the progression of adriamycin nephrosis. the mechanism of this finding is unclear, but it may relate to altered glomerular and tubular cell handling of protein.     

硫酸铁铵催化合成乙酰乙酸乙酯乙二醇缩酮

采用正交试验优选出最佳条件为：当乙酰乙酸乙酯为0.2moL时，硫酸铁铵0.7g，环乙烷10mL。乙酰乙酸乙酯和惭二醇摩尔比为1：1.5，反应时间为5h。所得产率为59.2%。     

黑质内注射FeCl3对大鼠纹状体多巴胺释放量及含量的影响

①目的探讨黑质(SN)内注射不同剂量的FeCl3对大鼠纹状体(CPu)多巴胺(DA)释放量和含量的影响.②方法实验用SD大鼠32只,分成4组6只大鼠为正常对照组;9只大鼠左侧SN内注射 FeCl3溶液10 μg(Ⅰ组);8只大鼠左侧SN内注射FeCl3溶液20 μg(Ⅱ组);9只大鼠左侧SN内注射FeCl3溶液40 μg(Ⅲ组),3周后采用快速周期伏安法(FCV)监测纹状体D A的释放量,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测纹状体DA含量.③结果在FeCl3单侧损毁大鼠中,损毁侧CPu DA释放量的减少和DA含量的降低与注射FeCl3剂量之间有明显剂量依赖关系(F=93.78,164.51,q=3.50～29.79,P<0.05).Ⅲ组损毁侧CP u DA的更新率[以(DOPAC+HVA)/DA表示]明显加快,与其他组比较差异有显著性(F=13 6.22,q=22.32～22.72,P<0.05);而Ⅰ,Ⅱ组变化较小,与正常大鼠相比差别无统计学意义 (q=0.25,2.04,P>0.05).④结论黑质内Fe3+含量升高可使CPu内DA释放量和含量均降低,铁含量高可能参与帕金森病的病理改变.     

单宁酸—金属盐联用媒染脑血管的研究

用２％多聚甲醛，２％戊二醛配伍不同浓度的单宁酸媒染固定液灌流大鼠，取服切片，放入２％氯化铁溶液中呈色，成功地显示了脑内各级血管及毛细血管网的形貌。高倍镜下可见各级血管呈空心管道状，基僻赤多条细纤维丝状结构编织或呈同心圆状排列而成，具有较强的立体感。     

氯化铁催化合成苯甲酸异戊酯的研究

本文研究了用氯化铁 (FeCl3·6H2 O)催化苯甲酸和异戊醇的酯化反应 ,当苯甲酸∶异戊醇 =1∶3(摩尔比 ) ,氯化铁用量 1.0g/0 .1mol苯甲酸 ,回流分水 2 .5h时 ,酯化率 90 .3 %。     

单宁酸——氯化铁法媒染心脏微血管的研究

应用单宁酸－氯化铁法媒染大鼠心脏微血管,光镜下观察其形态学特点。结果：左、右心室及空间隔、心房的微血管得到了良好的显示。左、右冠状动脉细小分支在心外膜层、心肌层及心内膜层形成了三层血管网,内、外两层微血管互相吻合成网;心肌层微血管则与心肌纤维平行,很少吻合。各级微血管的形态自然真实,有明显立体感。因此,单宁酸－氯化铁法是显示心脏微血管的理想方法。     

当归多糖铁的合成及一般特性

利用中医常用的补血药物当归提取当归多糖，进而合成当归多糖铁。当归多糖铁作为一种新型补铁剂，与国外的补铁剂具有相似的物理、化学特性和药理作用，本文介绍了当归多糖铁的制备、含铁量的测定及当归多糖铁的一般特性。     

紫外分光光度法测定复方链霉素软膏中2组分的含量

目的:建立以紫外分光光度法测定复方链霉素软膏中硫酸链霉素和氨苯磺胺含量的方法。方法:采用麦芽酚-硫酸铁铵比色法,以硫酸铁铵为显色剂,于521nm波长处测定硫酸链霉素的吸收度;以0.1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液为溶剂,于251nm波长处测定氨苯磺胺的吸收度。结果:硫酸链霉素、氨苯磺胺检测浓度分别在200～950(r=0.9994)、1.464～7.784(r=0.9998)μg/ml范围内与吸收度呈良好的线性关系;平均加样回收率分别为99.1%(RSD=1.90%)、99.7%(RSD=1.60%)。结论:本方法简便、准确,可用于复方硫酸链霉素软膏的质量控制。     

Daily consumption of apple,pear and orange juice differently affects plasma lipids and antioxidant capacity of smoking and non-smoking adults

Abstract

Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse correlation between a fruit and vegetable-rich diet and cardiovascular diseases; this beneficial effect of fruits and vegetables is probably due to the presence of antioxidant phytochemicals. In contrast, cigarette smoking is a high risk factor for lung and heart diseases, associated with chronic oxidative stress. In the present study, the effect of the consumption of a pear, an apple and 200 ml orange juice, during 26 days, on total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid profile of chronic smokers and non-smoking healthy adults was analyzed. Fruit consumption increased TAC in non-smokers, but not in smokers. In non-smokers, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol increased significantly; while in smokers, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol decreased. We may conclude fruit/juice supplementation showed different effects, depending on the smoking habit: in non-smokers it increased TAC and cholesterol; in smokers it reduced cholesterol, whithout inducing a TAC increase.     

The Burden of Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure: Therapeutic Approach

Heart failure (HF) is highlighted by its burdening symptom-limited exercise capacity and recurrent hospitalizations. Despite substantial advances regarding disease-modifying drugs in HF with reduced ejection fraction, additional therapeutic strategies to improve quality of life are invaluable. Currently, iron deficiency (ID) is overwhelmingly recognized in over 30% to 50% of patients with stable chronic HF, which worsens prognosis. The established pathophysiological mechanisms of progressive HF may be intertwined with increasing myocardial iron scarcity, wherein one begets the other. Most importantly, ID constitutes a novel target for symptom relief in carefully selected patients. In this regard, intravenous iron may be a safe and efficacious intervention, potentially reducing HF hospitalizations. We discuss the evidence and gaps in knowledge concerning iron therapy in HF and propose a practical, comprehensive, clinically oriented algorithm for timely adequate iron replenishment in different clinical scenarios. Finally, we further debate imperative decision-making before intervention and the drawbacks of such a strategy.