Using a supervisory framework to support and evaluate a multiproject practice development programme

? The paper describes a multiproject practice development programme undertaken over a period of 1 year. ? The background and development of the programme are outlined, whilst attention is paid to the innovatory nature of the work, particularly the use of inductive, deductive and integrated approaches to both change implementation and project supervision. ? The programme was monitored throughout using different data sources and the paper uses evaluative material retrospectively to provide answers to organizational and professional difficulties which arose during the course of the programme. ? The authors conclude that the use of combinations of different models for practice development has potential, but requires careful supervision. ? They also recommend that those involved in practice development are made fully aware of its local or micropolitics, and develop strategies to deal with change before it occurs, not after it has taken place.     

Statistical concepts and biomedical research

An understanding of statistical concepts is important for biomedical researchers. Statistics and probability are the scientific basis for dealing with sources of variation inherent in most biologic processes. This paper provides an introduction to the statistical framework that is fundamental to scientific methods of inquiry. Topics covered include the role of statistics, hierarchy of evidence, reliability and bias, sample size and power, random samples and random allocation, hypothesis testing, estimation, statistical inference, and publication bias. Future papers will focus on specific statistical techniques commonly used in biomedical research.     

医院设备购置中的供应商选择

供应商选择在医院设备采购中越来越重要。本文构建了医疗设备的供应商评价体系，然后应用模糊综合评判方法建立了供应商评价模型，最后给出算例予以说明。     

加权平均组合评价法及其应用

目的针对现有的组合评价方法的不足,提出一种改进的组合评价方法--加权平均组合评价法.方法通过实例介绍加权平均组合评价法的具体步骤,并比较该法与传统的四种组合评价方法的评价效果.结果加权平均组合评价法保距效果更佳.结论加权平均组合评价法有应用推广的价值.     

Bringing It Home

To date, ten Israeli senior social workers have graduated from the Mount Sinai Leadership Exchange Program. This report describes the impact of the program on the activities back home of the first six graduates, two of whom had graduated in 1989, two in 1990, and two in early 1991. The report evaluates the outcomes of the exchange program in terms of change in the graduates' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs, and in their actions within their organizations and at a national level.     

Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología A.C. Guía Clínica de Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a worldwide public health problem. In Mexico, at least three million adults are estimated to have acquired hepatitis B (total hepatitis B core antibody [anti-HBc]-positive), and of those, 300,000 active carriers (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]-positive) could require treatment. Because HBV is preventable through vaccination, its universal application should be emphasized. HBV infection is a major risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Semi-annual liver ultrasound and serum alpha-fetoprotein testing favor early detection of that cancer and should be carried out in all patients with chronic HBV infection, regardless of the presence of advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. Currently, nucleoside/nucleotide analogues that have a high barrier to resistance are the first-line therapies.     

脑梗死后皮质脊髓束Wallerian变性的DTI纵向研究

目的探讨应用扩散张量成像（DTI）观察脑梗死后从早期、亚急性至慢性期同侧皮质脊髓束（CST）的DTI参数随时间变化的规律,由此检测皮质脊髓束发生Wallerian变性的时间演变过程。方法选取2008年11月至2010年1月间在复旦大学附属中山医院住院治疗的皮层下运动通路脑梗死患者34例,发病时间从5h至2年。在入院时行MRI＋DTI检查。34例中选取5例患者,在发病1W内、第2周、1个月、3个月、6个月和1年分别行MRI＋DTI检查。采用工作站之Functool软件,重建出平均弥散系数（MD）、各向异性分数（FA）的参数图。通过放置兴趣区（ROI）的方式计算出FA值、MD值、rFA、rMD。ROI放置在双侧大脑脚。结果脑梗死后病灶同侧大脑脚区rFA在1月内下降最明显,1个月至3个月下降变慢,3个月后rFA变化幅度很小基本保持平稳。而rMD在脑梗死2W内无明显变化,2W至3个月上升,3个月后基本保持稳定。5例患者不同时间点的DTI研究能够显示这种变化过程。结论脑梗死后从早期、亚急性至慢性期同侧大脑脚处皮质脊髓束的FA值进行性减少。DTI有利于检测脑梗死后皮质脊髓束发生Wallerian变性的程度及动态演变过程。     

基于药品全生命周期的中药监管模型的构建研究

随着2020版《药品管理法》正式增设药品上市许可持有人（marketing authorization holder,MAH）制度、药品监管科学行动计划以及《关于结束中药配方颗粒试点工作的公告》的正式实施,标志着中药正式进入全生命周期监管时代。当前,我国尚未能建立起一个符合中药规律和发展特点的全生命周期中药监管体系,中药产品疗效不稳定,我国的中医药产品安全性和使用有效性难以取得国际市场的重视和认可。因此,迫切需要建立一套全生命周期的中药监管体系,加强对中药的科学监管来推动其高质量发展。结合我国中药全生命周期实际监管中存在的问题,提出研制、生产、流通、使用环节指标,构建科学的中药全生命周期监管的评价体系,采用基于模糊群决策的评价方法科学评价各因素,以期规范中药全生命周期监管,促进中药质量标准与国际接轨。     

综合性医院护理人员岗位聘用实践评价

为了使有限的护理人力资源能够最大限度地满足病人日益增长的健康需求,满足护理人员自身职业成长的需求,通过建立以护理岗位聘用为核心,合理设置岗位,分层次使用人员,逐级聘用,系统培训的人力资源管理体系,建立和完善了一系列护理人力资源管理工具,提高了病人和社会对护理质量的满意度、护理人员对工作岗位的满意度,使护理人力资源管理由经验型向科学化、规范化迈进一步。     

对几种内生肌酐清除率估计公式实用性的探讨

目的通过对血肌酐计算法计算的内生肌酐清除率（ECcr）与标准24h留尿法计算的内生肌酐清除率（MCcr）的统计分析,明确计算ECcr的几种公式的临床实用价值.方法对378例受检者的血肌酐水平用酶法进行检测,ECcr分别用Crockfrat-Count、Schwartz及修正的Counahan-Barrau公式算得;MCcr用全国临床检验操作规程要求的校正公式计算.结果 378例受检者的ECcr与相应的MCcr之间有较好的相关关系,相关系数r在0.67和0.68之间;依MCcr大小分组后,当MCcr值离正常参考范围越远,各ECcr与相应的MCcr的相关性越差.结论由于ECcr在估计MCcr时存在较大偏差,因此临床了解肾小球滤过率（GFR）仍需MCcr.